scholarly journals Information and analytical system “Ecology of agrobiocenoses”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Tatyana Voloshenkova ◽  
Denis Belov ◽  
Andrey Likhovid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

The study of mechanisms of formation and patterns of interaction of individual components of agrobiocenoses involves the processing of large arrays of heterogeneous geographically distributed data obtained at different times and in different soil and climatic conditions. In this regard, we have begun the development of an information-analytical system and related software that will allow us to accumulate, store and conduct a consolidated analysis of unrelated data regarding long-term monitoring of agrobiocenoses and surrounding ecosystems. The general scheme of the information-analytical system “Ecology of agrobiocenoses” and its interaction with the means of remote sensing of the Earth and the capabilities of GIS technologies has been formed. Based on free software, cloud computing systems, the elements of a web-oriented information system have been developed to create databases characterizing the leading abiotic, biotic, technological aspects of agrobiocenoses. A relational database model has been formed that allows the collection, storage and consolidation of entered information. Modules have been developed to collect the main characteristics of resource-saving technologies for crop cultivation, as well as the impact of winter wheat harvesting methods on combine harvester productivity and yield. The practical example shows that the analysis of a wide range of heterogeneous information in combination with GIS technologies which give a clear spatio-temporal localization of objects makes it possible to identify patterns of interaction between the components of agrobiocenoses, which at first glance are not related to each other. The data of technological field experiments and separately conducted observations of avifauna and mouse-like rodents were studied. It was established that the forage base of birds and the highest population density of rodents coincide geographically with cultivation using direct sowing technology, which caused a significant loss of winter wheat in the autumn-winter period in these areas.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

scholarly journals Influence of main tillage methods on barley yield in the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Pavlovich Polyakov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Tyutyuma
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
The Impact

Light-chestnut soils of the arid zone of the North of the Astrakhan region, even if all the standards of agricultural engineering are observed, are characterized by unfavorable agrochemical and water-physical properties for most crops. To successfully solve the problems associated with increasing adaptation of zonal agriculture to harsh climate conditions, it is necessary to search for new resource-saving technologies. The purpose of the work is to identify the impact of resource-saving methods of basic soil cultivation on the yield of spring barley in the semi-desert conditions of the North of the Astrakhan region. The organization of field experiments, observations and laboratory analyses were carried out according to the method of conducting field experiments Dospekhov B. A. and Guidelines for conducting field experiments with forage crops (research Institute of feed). The results of the conducted field experiments and laboratory studies give reason to speak about the feasibility of using a resource-saving soil-cultivating organ ROPA in the zone of unstable moisture in the North of the Astrakhan region. Loosening this unit contributes to an increase of 25% of the total spring stock of soil moisture. The introduction of this deep tillage (H=0.40-0.45 m) and tools for its implementation (ROPA) allows you to get in the rain-fed conditions of the arid zone of the North of the Astrakhan region from one hectare of arable land to 1.24 tons of barley Vakula and 1.30 tons of barley Ratnik.

BromusControl in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) with the Ethylthio Analog of Metribuzin

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Ratliff ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Wide Range

Twenty field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma from 1983 through 1986 to evaluate the ethylthio analog of metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(ethylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] for selective control of cheat (Bromus secalinusL. #3BROSE), downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE), and rescuegrass (Bromus catharticusVahl. # BROCA) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). The ethylthio analog of metribuzin applied postemergence at 1.1 kg ai/ha before the weeds tillered controlled 91 to 100% of theseBromusspp. in winter wheat. Control of tilleredBromusspp. was less consistent. AsBromusspp. control increased, wheat yields increased, and dockage decreased. The herbicide was selective on wheat over a wide range of soils, including sands. Adding surfactant to very early postemergence applications of 0.6 kg ai/ha increased cheat control but injured wheat slightly. Surfactant use had little or no effect on dockage reduction and yields.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS IN INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCULTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
О.В. ЛУКЬЯНОВА ◽  
Н.В. ВАВИЛОВА ◽  
Д.В. ВИНОГРАДОВ ◽  
А.С. СТУПИН ◽  
А.А. СОКОЛОВ
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Impact

Проблема и цель. Реализация биологического потенциала агрокультур при производстве продукции растениеводства в условиях неустойчивого земледелия. Цель исследований – изучить влияние комплексных препаратов, содержащих важнейшие макро- и микроэлементы, биологически активныевещества, на урожайность и качество продукции сельскохозяйственных культур. Методология. Объектами исследования в полевых опытах были регуляторы роста растений ОРГАНОСТИМ, Зеребро Агро и минеральное удобрение Грогрин микро марка: Дрип. Полевые опыты были заложены методом организованных повторений в четырехкратной повторности. Размер опытных делянок в опытах составлял 50-100 м2 , учетная площадь – 25-50 м2 . В ходе исследований отбирались образцы серой лесной тяжелосуглинистой почвы и растительных образцов сои, озимой пшеницы, картофеля, анализ которых проводили в ФГБУ «Станция агрохимической службы «Рязанская» и ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева» согласно общепринятым методикам. Для оценки существенности полученных в опыте результатов осуществлялась математическая обработка урожайных и сопутствующих данных. Результаты. Результаты полевых исследований показывают, что применение биологически активных соединений на разных этапах онтогенеза способствовало усилению процессов роста и развития культурных растений и повышению сопротивляемости негативному воздействию внешней среды. Вследствие этого агрокультуры, в зависимости от варианта опыта, формировали более развитую корневую систему, вегетативные и генеративные органы, что обеспечило существенное повышение урожайности сои на 2,4-3,2 ц/га (НСР05 = 1,97 ц/га), озимой пшеницы на 3,7-5,5 ц/га (НСР05 = 2,9 ц/га), картофеля на 3,34 т/га (НСР05 = 2,91 т/га) с сохранением качества полученного урожая. Заключение. Научно-обоснованное применение биологически активных веществ оказывает стимулирующие воздействие на культурные растения, активизируя физиологические процессы на всех этапах их жизненного цикла, от прорастания семян до уборки, существенно повышая урожайность агрокультур. Оптимизация питания растений повышает их устойчивость к возбудителям болезней сельскохозяйственных культур, нивелирует воздействие неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды, благоприятно отражается на показателях качества растениеводческой продукции. Problem and purpose. Realization of the biological potential of agricultural crops in the production of crop products in conditions of unsustainable agriculture. The purpose of research is to study the infuence of complex preparations containing the most important macro-and microelements, biologically active substance on the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Methodology. The objects of study in feld experiments were plant growth regulators ORGANOSTIM, Zerebro Agro and mineral fertilizer Grogrin mikro marka: Drip. Field experiments laid down method organized repetitions in 4-fold repetition. The size of the experimental business experiments was 50-100 m², the accounting area was 25-50 m². During the studies, samples of gray forest heavy-grained soil and plant samples of soybeans, winter wheat, potatoes were taken, the analysis of which was carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Station of the Agricultural Chemical Service" Ryazan "and FSBEI HE " Ryazan State Agrotechnological University”. To assess the materiality of the results obtained in the experience, mathematical processing of crop and related data was carried out. Results. The results of feld studies show that the use of biologically active compounds at diferent stages of ontogenesis contributed to the strengthening of the processes of growth and development of cultivated plants and increased resistance to negative environmental efects. As a result, agricultures, depending on the experience variant, formed a more developed root system, vegetative and generative organs, which ensured a signifcant increase in soybean yield by 2.4-3.2 c/ha (NSR05 = 1.97 c/ha), 3.7-5.5 c/ha (NSR05 = 2.9 c/ha) on winter wheat, 3.34 t/ha (NSR05 = 2.91 t) on potatoes, with maintaining the quality of the harvest. Conclusion. Science-based use of biologically active substances has stimulating efects on cultivated plants. Activating physiological processes at all stages of their life cycle, from seed germination to harvesting, signifcantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. Optimization of plant nutrition increases their resistance to pathogens of crop diseases, eliminates the impact of adverse environmental factors, and favorably afects the quality indicators of crop production.

scholarly journals The Adaptability of APSIM-Wheat Model in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain of China: A Case Study of Winter Wheat in Hubei Province

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Panpan Zhao ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Fengfeng Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Ling ◽  
Nanyan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Impact

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) plain represent the second-largest wheat producing area in China; the winter wheat-rice system is one of the main planting systems in this region. The use of the agricultural production system simulator (APSIM)-wheat model to simulate wheat production potential and evaluate the impact of future climate change on wheat production in this region is of great importance. In this study, the adaptability of the APSIM-wheat model in the MLYR was evaluated based on observational data collected in field experiments and daily meteorological data from experimental stations in Wuhan, Jingmen, and Xiangyang in Hubei province. The results showed significant positive relationships between model-predicted wheat growth duration from sowing to anthesis and maturity and the observed values, with coefficients of determination (R2) in ranges of 0.90–0.97 and 0.93–0.96, respectively. The normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of the simulated growth durations and measured values were lower than 1.6%, and the refined index of agreement (dr-values) was in the range of 0.74–0.87. The percent mean absolute relative error (PMARE) was cited here as a new index, with a value below 1.4%, indicating that the model’s rating was excellent. The model’s performance in terms of grain yield and above-ground biomass simulation was also acceptable, although it was not as good as the growth periods simulation. The R2 value was higher than 0.75 and 0.72 for the simulation of grain yield and biomass, respectively. The indices NRMSE and PMARE were lower than 19.8% and 19.9%, and the dr-value was higher than 0.71. According to our results, APSIM-wheat was an effective and accurate model for simulating the phenology and yield production processes of wheat in the MLYR, and the results also provided a theoretical basis and technical support for further research on the yield potential of wheat-rice rotation planting systems with clarification of the key factors limiting the yield gap in this region.

scholarly journals Исследование сопротивления при обтекании посевного материала потоком в семятукопроводе

2015 ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
А. А. Беседа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
The Impact

Работа посвящена исследованию движения посев-ного материала под действием силы тяжести в се-мявысевающей системе, а именно высевающий аппа-рат – семятукопровод – направительное устройство– подлаповое пространство лапового сошника – рас-пределительное устройство. Теоретически описановлияние сопротивления при обтекании посевного ма-териала на примере озимой пшеницы. Которое расс-матривается с учетом формы профиля его удобооб-текаемого тела потоком в семятукопроводе, приусловии пневмомеханической подачи, что дает воз-можность представить и теоретически описатьобщую схему движения посевного материала в семя-высевающей системе. The work is devoted to the study of the movement of seed under the action of gravity in sowing system, namely «sowing system – seed fertilizer pipe – guiding device – undertenon space of dovetail ploughshare – switchgear». The impact of resistance during the flow of seed on the example of winter wheat was theoretically described, which is considered with regard to the form of profile of its convenient shape by  flow in sow automate, provided mechanical feeder that is able to asume and theoretically describe the general scheme of seed movement  in sowing system.

scholarly journals Management Strategies for Barley Yellow Dwarf on Winter Wheat in Kansas

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Bockus ◽  
Erick D. De Wolf ◽  
Timothy C. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Impact

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most important wheat diseases in the state of Kansas. Several methods of disease management have been recommended to mitigate losses from BYD including the use of seed-treatment insecticides, delayed planting of winter wheat, and deploying cultivars with resistance to BYD. The goal of this research was to quantify the impact of these three management strategies, alone and in combination, on BYD disease progress and grain yields in Kansas. When field experiments were averaged over four years, treating seed with the insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho) reduced the daily increase in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 35.0% and corresponding yield losses from BYD by 16.4%. Compared with early planting, late planting reduced AUDPC by 47.9% and corresponding yield losses by 57.5%. Planting a moderately resistant cultivar reduced AUDPC by 80.9% and corresponding yield losses by 72.6% compared with a susceptible cultivar. When all three BYD management methods were combined, BYD was reduced by 95.2% and yield losses reduced by 97.1% when compared with not using any of the management methods. Therefore, integrating management practices can result in high levels of control of BYD in Kansas. Accepted for publication 4 May 2016. Published 7 June 2016.

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