scholarly journals Study on prevalence of mycoflora on seeds of spring wheat in the conditions of the Samara region

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Marina Nikolaevna Kincharova ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Kincharov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Variety Testing

Wheat seeds are a favorable environment for pathogenic mycoflora, which in turn causes a decrease in seed viability and the release of various mycotoxins that significantly affect the growth and development of plants. The study of the phytosanitary condition of spring soft wheat seed material of competitive variety testing for the seed borne pathogen was carried out. As a result of research, a high degree of infection of seeds with pathogens of root rot and mold on a natural infectious background was revealed. The studied seed samples were dominated by fungi: Alternaria sp. (with a percentage frequency from 3 to 23% in favorable years and 36-53% in unfavorable years, and a relative abundance of 7.9-54.8% and 48-69. 2%, respectively), Fusarium sp. (with a percentage frequency from 8 to 26% in favorable years and 1-19% in unfavorable years, and a relative abundance of 17.9-61.9% and 8-33. 3%, respectively) and a group of fungi that cause seed mold. Differences in precipitation and relative humidity may be a possible reason for differences in the frequency of occurrence and in the form of fungi found on wheat seeds in different years.

scholarly journals Use of Self-Organizing Map to Analyze Images of Fungi Colonies Grown fromTriticum aestivumSeeds Disinfected by Ozone Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Marique ◽  
Olivier Allard ◽  
Martin Spanoghe
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Ozone Disinfection ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Self Organizing

We submitted to ozone treatmentTriticum aestivum(common wheat) seeds severely contaminated by fungi. Fungi colonies developed when seeds were placed over malt agar medium in Petri dishes;Fusarium sp. andAlternaria sp. were identified. However, conventional colonies counting did not allow a clear assessment of the effect of ozone disinfection. We thus used self-organizing maps (SOMs) to perform an image analysis of colonies surface area that clearly showed a significant disinfection effect onFusarium sp.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular identification and first report of Fusarium equiseti in causing chilli wilt from Kashmir (Northern Himalayas)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammarah Hami ◽  
Rovidha S. Rasool ◽  
Nisar A. Khan ◽  
Sheikh Mansoor ◽  
Mudasir A. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
High Degree

AbstractChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most significant vegetable and spice crop. Wilt caused by Fusarium Sp. has emerged as a serious problem in chilli production. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is widely used as a DNA barcoding marker to characterize the diversity and composition of Fusarium communities. ITS regions are heavily used in both molecular methods and ecological studies of fungi, because of its high degree of interspecific variability, conserved primer sites and multiple copy nature in the genome. In the present study we focused on morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen causing chilli wilt. Chilli plants were collected from four districts of Kashmir valley of Himalayan region. Pathogens were isolated from infected root and stem of the plants. Isolated pathogens were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The amplified product was sequenced and three different wilt causing fungal isolates were obtained which are reported in the current investigation. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, a new fungal species was found in association with the chilli wilt in Kashmir valley viz., Fusarium equiseti that has never been reported before from this region. The studies were confirmed by pathogenicity test and re-confirmation by DNA barcoding.

scholarly journals New Insights on the Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Bacteriome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Elias Asimakis ◽  
Panagiota Stathopoulou ◽  
Apostolis Sapounas ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
High Degree

Various factors, including the insect host, diet, and surrounding ecosystem can shape the structure of the bacterial communities of insects. We have employed next generation, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of wild Zeugodacus (Bactrocera) cucurbitae (Coquillett) flies from three regions of Bangladesh. The tested populations developed distinct bacterial communities with differences in bacterial composition, suggesting that geography has an impact on the fly bacteriome. The dominant bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Dysgomonadaceae and Orbaceae, with the genera Dysgonomonas, Orbus and Citrobacter showing the highest relative abundance across populations. Network analysis indicated variable interactions between operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with cases of mutual exclusion and copresence. Certain bacterial genera with high relative abundance were also characterized by a high degree of interactions. Interestingly, genera with a low relative abundance like Shimwellia, Gilliamella, and Chishuiella were among those that showed abundant interactions, suggesting that they are also important components of the bacterial community. Such knowledge could help us identify ideal wild populations for domestication in the context of the sterile insect technique or similar biotechnological methods. Further characterization of this bacterial diversity with transcriptomic and metabolic approaches, could also reveal their specific role in Z. cucurbitae physiology.

scholarly journals Presence and importance of saprophyte fungal organisms on dog skin

2007 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Jasna Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
One Year

Dogs are animals that are most often kept as pets in the cities. Their health problem may be the cause of infections of humans and animals. Skin changes and etiology factors present important segment of the diseases that disturb health of the pets. The objective of this work was mycology examination of scarifications and skin swabs from dogs with clinical symptoms. The aim was to find out which fungi species can be isolated from the changed parts of the skin, and whether is possible that, besides dermatophyte, saprophyte fungi from the environment may also be the cause of the changes, and to reveal their effect on the host. During a one year period, 67 swabs and scarifications from dogs were examined to detect the presence of fungi. The samples were streaked on Sabourdaud's dextrose agar and incubated for 10-21 days at 25?C. In microscopis examination according to their shape, and color, the colonies were identified as conidia, macroconidia and conidiaophora. From 59, of total 67 samples, the following saprophyte fungi were isolated: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp. Occurrence of these fungi means that a considerable increase of this microbiological flora may be expected in homes of the owners. This may be the cause of systemic mycosis and allergies in animals and humans, as well as a possibility of contaminated food and incidence of mycotoxicosis.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics at the Critical Node of Vigor Loss in Wheat Seeds Differing in Storability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Chen ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Xia Xin ◽  
Manuela Nagel ◽  
Juanjuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Critical Node ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The critical node (CN, 85% germination) of seed viability is an important threshold for seed regeneration decisions after long-term conservation. Dependent on the germplasm, the storage period until CN is reached varies and information on the divergence of the proteomic profiles is limited. Therefore, the study aims to identify key proteins and mechanisms relevant for a long plateau phase and a late CN during artificial seed aging of wheat. Seeds of the storage-tolerant genotype (ST) TRI 23248, and the storage-sensitive genotype (SS) TRI 10230 were exposed to artificial ageing (AA) and extracted embryos of imbibed seeds were analyzed using an iTRAQ-based proteomic technique. ST and SS required AA for 24 and 18 days to reach the CN, respectively. Fifty-seven and 165 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were observed in the control and aged groups, respectively. Interestingly, a higher activity in metabolic processes, protein synthesis, transcription, cell growth/division, and signal transduction were already found in imbibed embryos of control ST seeds. After AA, 132 and 64 DAPs were accumulated in imbibed embryos of both aged ST and SS seeds, respectively, which were mainly associated with cell defense, rescue, and metabolism. Moreover, 78 DAPs of ST appeared before CN and were mainly enriched in biological pathways related to the maintenance of redox and carbon homeostasis and they presented a stronger protein translation ability. In contrast, in SS, only 3 DAPs appeared before CN and were enriched only in the structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. In conclusion, a longer span of plateau phase might be obtained in seeds when proteins indicate an intense stress response before CN and include the effective maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and avoidance of excess accumulation of cytotoxic compounds. Although key proteins, inherent factors and the precise regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated, the found proteins may also have functional potential roles during long-term seed conservation.

scholarly journals An eco-friendly way to protect wheat seeds from phytopathogens

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kekalo
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Protecting wheat seed from phytopathogens is a popular topic for plant breeders. The objects requiring close attention and control on wheat are smut infections, pathogens of root rot. And if the pathogens of smut we have learned to fight quite effectively with, then microorganisms that infect underground parts of plants are controlled with less success and many questions in the system of protection against them remain controversial. The issue of reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses, starting with the protection of seeds, also remains relevant. The article presents the results of field trials of means of protecting spring wheat seeds from root rot in 2019–2020, carried out within the framework of the state assignment at the Kurgan SRIA — branch of FSBSI UrFASRC, according to generally accepted methods. The aim of the research was to assess the biological, economic efficiency of the combined use of a chemical seed dressing agent and a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis in protecting wheat from soil-seed infections, to determine the competitiveness of an ecologized method of protecting seeds (reduced consumption rate of a chemical seed dressing agent in combination with biological fungicide). The obtained research results indicate that with a high level of damage to wheat by root rot (Fusarium, B. sorokiniana), the use of seed treatment with the studied preparations ensured the preservation of 10–12% of the yield, more efficiency was noted in the variants with the Oplot 0.5 l/t and the Oplot 0.3 l/t + Nodix Premium 0.3 l/t . The technical effectiveness of fungicides against wheat root rot ranged 44% for Nodix Premium to 85–86% for chemical protection and mixed use. An environmentally friendly method of protecting wheat seeds, which consists in using a 40% lower rate of a chemical dressing agent with a biopesticide, turned out to be competitive.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary Quality of Genotypes of Wheat Seeds Used Northern Paraná State

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Dalbelo Puia ◽  
Leandro Camargo Borsato ◽  
Marilize Cristina Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Adriano Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat seeds can be infested and/or infected by microorganisms that might cause deterioration of this propagation structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health quality of sixteen wheat genotypes grown in northern Paraná. Therefore, seeds of each genotype were submitted to the blotter test with 16 repetitions, 400 seeds per sample, for phytosanitary quality evaluation. The identification of the fungi was performed based on their morphological characteristics and quantified data. The results revealed variations in incidence, with 20 fungi genera in the analyzed samples. The fungi Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Bipolaris sp. were found in 100% of the analyzed samples, while Mucor sp. and Alternaria sp. were in 89% and 78% of the samples, respectively. The main pathogens that cause diseases in the aerial part of wheat were not found, or were low incidence in all materials analyzed. The pathogens with the highest incidence associated with wheat seeds were groups of storage fungi and known to produce mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Detecção de Fungos em Sementes de Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Spolaor Fantinel ◽  
Luciana Magda de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Priscilla Félix Schneider ◽  
Emerson Couto da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

RESUMO Acca sellowiana é uma espécie frutífera nativa da Região Sul do Brasil que está despertando grande interesse econômico devido ao alto potencial organoléptico de seus frutos. A principal forma de propagação da espécie é via sexuada. Objetivando determinar a qualidade sanitária das sementes, foram comparadas três formas de detecção de fungos, com ou sem a assepsia superficial, em sementes oriundas de quatro municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e de três municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram testados os meios de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA), V8 (suco de tomate) e o método Blotter Test. Foram identificados os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Epicoccum sp. e Phomopsis sp. Os meios agarizados são mais sensíveis na detecção de fungos em sementes de goiaba serrana. A assepsia das sementes reduz a incidência de fungos infestantes.

Isolation and Identification of the Main Pathogenic Fungi from Postharvest Hami Melon in Later Period of Storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Kun Chen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wang ◽  
Jia Ning ◽  
Yuan Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Koch's Postulates

In order to investigate the reasons for the occurrence of melon disease, according to Koch’s postulates, the pathogenic fungi which caused the disease of postharvest melon“86-1”has been isolated and three kinds of bacterial strain has been identified. By identifying the pathogenicity, results revealed that they are Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp.. They are the major pathogenic fungi which caused the decay of the postharvest Hami melon.

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