scholarly journals Parametric Study on Eco-Friendly Bricks

10.29007/dskr ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavin Dhonde ◽  
Vijay R. Panchal ◽  
Dr. Janki Thakker
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In

Every year about 1.3 trillion bricks are manufactured in, and the world of which at least 10% are made in coal fired kilns, releasing about 800 million tons of CO2 annually. Eco-friendly bricks help to reduce the emission of CO2 in environment. Another aspect is to utilize waste materials and by products such as fly-ash, rice-husk, chopped straw etc., which are cheaper and easily available. These materials should help to achieve better properties for bricks. Another aim is to reduce the shrinkage problem in present eco-friendly bricks by adding waste products and increase in the strength and serviceability of present eco-friendly bricks. In this study we utilize different materials with varying percentage to produce eco-friendly bricks with improved properties. Shrinkage of the present eco- friendly bricks was reduced by adding rice-husk (RH) and chopped-straw (CS). The highest strength of the brick was achieved.

Dairy Waste Treatment and Utilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Anum Ishaq ◽  
Ubaid ur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad ◽  
Amna Sahar ◽  
Qamar Abbas Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
By Products

The dairy industry produces waste materials and by-products including soluble and suspended organic substances, wastewater, suspended solids, and whey. These substances contain significant amounts of organic and inorganic toxins that can cause serious health threats if not treated properly. Additionally, toxins produced by dairy waste would negatively affect the environment as well as quality and availability of aquatic resources. However, these waste materials and by-products can be utilized in different ways after proper treatment and processing. This chapter will provide an overview of waste products of dairy industries and highlight different treatments and utilization of these by-products in other industries.

MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF GGBS DOLOMITE GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikot Pallikkara Shashikala ◽  
Praveen Nagarajan ◽  
Saranya Parathi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
By Products

Production of Portland cement causes global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases to the environment. The need for reducing the amount of cement is necessary from sustainability point of view. Alkali activated and geopolymeric binders are used as alternative to cement. Industrial by-products such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume, rice husk ash etc. are commonly used for the production of geopolymer concrete. This paper focuses on the development of geopolymer concrete from slag (100% GGBS). Effect of different cementitious materials such as lime, fly ash, metakaolin, rice husk ash, silica fume and dolomite on strength properties of slag (GGBS) based geopolymer concrete are also discussed. It is observed that the addition of dolomite (by-products from rock crushing plants) into slag based geopolymer concrete reduces the setting time, enhances durability and improves rapidly the early age strength of geopolymer concrete. Development of geopolymer concrete with industrial by-products is a solution to the disposal of the industrial wastes. The quick setting concrete thus produced can reduce the cost of construction making it sustainable also.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC SOURCES AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS FOR YIELD MAXIMIZATION OF BRINJAL IN COASTAL SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
D. Venkatakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
By Products

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) with conventional, non-conventional organic source, industrial by-products combined with inorganic fertilizers. The treatments imposed were T1 – Control (100% RDF), T2-100% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @ 5 t ha-1, T3 – 100% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @ 10 t ha-1, T­4 – 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, T5 – 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T6 – 100% RDF + Rice Husk Ash @ 5 t ha-1, T7 – 100% RDF + Rice Husk Ash @ 10 t ha-1, T8 – 100% RDF + Lignite Fly Ash @ 5 t ha-1, T9 – 100% RDF + Lignite Fly Ash @ 10 t ha-1. There were nine treatments combinations replicated thrice in CRD. The soil was sandy in texture with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 257, 10.2 and 117 kg ha-1 respectively which fell in fertility status of low. The soil classified taxonomically as Typic Udisamments. The results showed that application of 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T5) significantly increased yield attributes viz., fruit length (16.6 cm), fruit girth (15.2 cm), no. of fruits plant-1 (20.67), fruit weight (45.2 g) and fruit yield plant-1 (934.2 g plant-1). This treatment registered maximum quality attributes like ascorbic acid content (4.5 mg 100 g-1), crude protein (4.81%), drymatter of fruit (70.2 g plant-1) and dry matter of plant (81.3 g plant-1). The post harvest soil available N (148mgkg-1) and P (7.15mgkg-1)status was higher due to application of 100% RDF with Vermicompst @ 5 t ha-1 (T5).  The post harvest available K (75.58mgkg-1) status recorded higher in the treatment T9 which received 100% RDF with Lignite Fly Ash @ 10 t ha-1 (T9).

scholarly journals Rheodynamic Concrete as a Progressive Viability in the field of Concrete Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products ◽  
Safe Working

The most important material which is used for the construction of any concrete structure is concrete itself. It is considered to be as a versatile construction material as its properties can be changed by various means, with the help of different elements and as and when required. Rheodynamic Concrete or Self-Compacting Concrete is a special form of concrete which can easily flow into any kind of formwork uniformly, without facing the problem of bleeding and segregation, gives a better finish, has a great characteristic of placement, requires no vibration, and thus gives a safe working environment. Due to a number of merits, this type of concrete had becoming popular in the construction work. Simultaneously, the big industries across the world are producing the by products such as fly ash, rice husk ash, etc. Thus, this paper represents a review, which is done to incorporate these wastes by – products in Self-Compacting Concrete and observe, how the different properties of the same has been modified effectively and efficiently.

scholarly journals Utilization of Sustainable Materials to Enhance Geotechnical Characteristics of Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rama Subba Rao, G.V
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
By Products

Geotechnical engineering can noticeably affect the sustainability of infrastructure development because of its beginning place in the construction practice. Utilization of waste materials for enhancing properties of the soil is a wise choice and is also one step towards accomplishing sustainable development. Application of by-products (viz., flay ash and rice husk ash) which could be defined as “sustainable materials”, find special place in the modern-day soil stabilization and modification exercise. The preset paper aims at enhancing properties of expansive soil with inclusion of industrial by-products namely Rice Husk ash and Fly Ash. Further the present paper focuses on improving geotechnical characteristics of fine sand upon reinforcing with ground shredded rubber tire. Fine sand has a low angle of internal friction and which in turn has low shear strength. Reuse of waste materials is one area of research which attempts to makes geotechnical engineering practice sustainable.  

scholarly journals Lightweight masonry block without Portland cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Paki Turgut ◽  
Mehmet Can Alas ◽  
Muhammed Arif Gurel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Lightweight Masonry Block

ABSTRACT Huge amounts of fly ash - a substance that does not conform to the ASTM C618 classification due to its chemical properties - have been abandoned in landfills around the world, despite their self-cementing property. It has not been used in concrete making applications due to its large amounts of free lime and sulfate contents. The fly ash in these plants is dumped in landfills, causing serious environmental hazards. Fly ash is disposed to the landfills by belt conveyors after being humidified with water. Therefore, the fly ashes humidified in the landfill areas are hydrated in nature. This hydration is further intensified in landfills by rain and snow. Thus, the free lime content of fly ash decreases due to its long hydration process. In this work, the lightweight masonry blocks were produced by mixing normal and hydrated fly ashes or normal, hydrated fly ash and lime without Portland cement. The compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, density, porosity, and thermal conductivity values of the samples produced were determined. The results obtained from these tests showed that lightweight masonry blocks could be produced by using these waste materials in building applications.

scholarly journals Experimental Examination on Blended Concrete by Incorporating GGBS and Fly ash

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3725-3728
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Experimental Examination ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products

Concrete is the highly used building material around the world. Tons of CO2 is evolved during manufacturing process of cement. This CO2 emission has massive effect on nature and to reduce it blended concrete has been used. Now days, use of cementitious materials are increasing rapidly. Blended concrete is the concrete in which cement is mixed with different proportions of mineral admixtures such as GGBS, silica fume, fly ash etc. In present study, partially replacing of cement with Fly ash and GGBS with three different proportions. Fly ash and GGBS are by-products from coal and iron industries. Here, M40 grade control concrete which is 0% replacement of cement and Blended concrete with 3 different combinations. Both the results will be compared. Cement is substituted by GGBS in 15%, 20% 25% proportion and substituted by Fly ash in 15%, 20% & 25% proportion. These specimens are tested for Split tensile strength, compressive strength and bending strength at the age of 7 and 28 days. Using these industrial wastes not only increases strength but also makes the concrete eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Influence of fly ash addition on physical-mechanical properties of clay bricks – literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
I Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
The Past ◽  
By Products

Abstract During the past years, due to the increase in the number of people and the increasing degree of industrialization, the amount of by-products produced, the so-called waste materials are becoming larger. As this problem grows with age, attempts are being made to find answers to the questions of how to use waste material purposefully in order to reduce the problem of disposing of large quantities of this type of material. One way to reduce the accumulation of waste material is to use it in construction materials. This literature review paper presents the research of the area dealing with the influence of fly ash application on properties of clay brick. The application of fly ash at various percentages in relation to the mass of clay and the influence of fly ash at different firing temperatures are studied.

scholarly journals Single Cell Oil Production from Waste Biomass: Review of Applicable Industrial By-Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Kriss Spalvins ◽  
Ilze Vamza ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
By Products

Abstract Single cell oil (SCO) is an attractive alternative source of oil, which, depending on the fatty acid composition, can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, as an ingredient for pharmaceuticals or as a source of essential fatty acids for human and animal consumption. However, the use of SCO is limited due to use of relatively expensive food or feed products in the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. In order to reduce SCO production costs, the use of cheaper feedstock such as biodegradable agro-industrial wastes are necessary. At the same time, the microbial treatment of biodegradable wastes ensures the neutralization of environmentally harmful compounds and reduces the negative impact on the environment. Oleaginous microorganisms are capable of fermenting a variety of industrial by-products, waste products and wastewaters, however further discussion on properties of the waste materials is necessary to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate waste materials for SCO production. Thus, this review compares various industrial waste products that can be used as cheap feedstock for the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. Industrial waste products, by-products and wastewaters are compared according to their global availability, current use in competing industries, required pre-fermentation treatments, oleaginous microorganism cell concentrations and SCO yields.

scholarly journals Strength and Durability Characteristics of Cement-lime Mortars with Fly Ash and Slag as Aggregate Substitutes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Katzer ◽  
Paweł Kończalski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
The World ◽  
Strength And Durability

The global consumption of sand by the concrete industry has increased significantly over the years. Natural sand has become a desired commodity in numerous regions of the world. To protect both the existing resources of natural sand and utilize waste materials, drastic actions are urgently needed. The production of cement mortars, which are solely based on fine aggregate, is responsible for the large consumption of natural sand. In the described research program, we proposed to substitute 50 % of the natural sand in mortars with fly ash and slag. The strength properties and durability characteristics of the new mortars were tested. It was proved that mortars with fly ash and slag can be used for specific applications in civil engineering. Areas for future research associated with the mortars in question were also pointed out.  

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