scholarly journals TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE FOUNDATION SOILS AND ASPHALT - CRUSHED STONE COVERING OF THE TERRITORY OF THE LINEAR PRODUCTION DISPATCH STATION "PENZA" OF THE OIL PIPELINE "DRUZHBA"

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Александр Чичкин ◽  
Alexander Chichkin ◽  
Ольга Хрянина ◽  
Ol'ga Hryanina
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The technical condition of the foundation soils and the asphalt-crushed stone covering of the territory of the linear production dispatch station (LDPC) “Penza” of the oil pipeline “Druzhba” were carried out. The genesis and strength characteristics of crushed stone are revealed. The selection of soil samples of the damaged structure was made and the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the foundation grounds necessary for calculation were determined. It is established that the strength of the foundation soils is high enough and will ensure the reliable operation of foundations of capital buildings and structures.

Using clusterization principles for the selection of repair sections of main oil pipelines based on diagnostic data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Classification Of Images ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of determining the repair sections of the main oil pipeline is solved, basing on the classification of images using distance functions and the clustering principle, The criteria characterizing the cluster are determined by certain given values, based on a comparison with which the defect is assigned to a given cluster, procedures for the redistribution of defects in cluster zones are provided, and the cluster zones parameters are being changed. Calculations are demonstrating the range of defect density variation depending on pipeline sections and the universal capabilities of linear objects configuration with arbitrary density, provided by cluster analysis.

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Miller ◽  
Ansa Palojärvi ◽  
Andrea Rangger ◽  
Morten Reeslev ◽  
Annelise Kjøller
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorogenic Substrates ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Enzyme Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine if 4-methylumbelliferyl-labelled enzyme substrates could be used to detect and quantify specific components of chitinase and cellulase activities as specific indicators of the presence and activity of fungal biomass. The fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and MUF β-d-lactoside were used for the detection and quantification of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30 ) (NAGase) and endo 1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 )/cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.91 ) (CELase), respectively. Culture screenings on solid media showed a widespread ability to produce NAGase among a taxonomically diverse selection of fungi on media with and without added chitin. NAGase activity was expressed only in a limited number of bacteria and on media supplemented with chitin. The CELase activity was observed only in a limited number of fungi and bacteria. Bacterial CELase activity was expressed on agar media containing a cellulose-derived substrate. In soil samples, NAGase activity was significantly correlated with estimates of fungal biomass, based on the content of two fungus-specific indicator molecules, 18:2ω6 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and ergosterol. CELase activity was significantly correlated with the PLFA-based estimate of fungal biomass in the soil, but no correlation was found with ergosterol-based estimates of fungal biomass.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Anisotropy and Scale Effects on the Strength Characteristics of Defected Rockmass

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiabing Liu ◽  
Shaohui He ◽  
Dahai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Strength Behavior

Discontinuous defect in the rockmass is a key influential factor in controlling the strength behavior, and how to estimate the anisotropic strength and scale effect on the defected rockmass is the remaining challenging focus in engineering application. In the present study, intact tuff samples cored from the Xiabeishan tunnel engineering in situ are conducted by experiment tests (i.e., uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test, and Brazilian tensile test) to obtain the corresponding mechanical parameters. Results from the numerical simulations using the particle flow code (PFC) by the flat-jointed model (FJM) are performed to match the macroparameters from experimental results. It is observed that numerical results have good agreement with the macroscopic mechanical parameters of intact samples including UCS, BTS, triaxial compression strength, and corresponding deformation parameters. Finally, a series of uniaxial and confining compression tests are conducted by using a synthetic rockmass (SRM) method which is coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) and discrete fracture network (DFN). Then, the anisotropy and scale effects on the strength characteristics of the defected rockmass are investigated. The results show that defects have a vital effect on the failure mode and strength behavior of the rockmass in the research region. The strength parameters are changed with the specimen size. The REV size of the considered defected rockmass is regarded as 5 × 10 m, and this size is also influenced by the confinement level. The anisotropy of macroscopic strength parameters is found in the considered defected rockmass, whose stress-strain curves and failure modes are also discussed.

scholarly journals Selection of Method of Chemical Analysis in Measuring the Salinity of Mineral Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Teresa Stryszewska ◽  
Marta Dudek
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Sulphate Salts ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the issue of salt content in brick buildings, which plays an important role in the assessment of the technical condition, in particular of historic buildings. A question has been asked about the selection of the best research method to determine the salinity of mineral materials. To obtain the answer, the authors conducted some tests on ceramic bricks salted with seven types of salt solutions. Research methods such as: spectrophotometry (UV), ion chromatography (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were compared. The above methods belong to two groups: the first is based on aqueous extracts and allows the determination of water-soluble salts, and the second concerns testing directly on the sample so that insoluble salts can also be determined. The results tests indicate that the methods based on solid phases (XRF and EDS) give higher salinity values than those based on aqueous extracts (HPLC and UV). The results were also analysed with regard to the type of salt. Larger differences are observed for sulphate salts while chloride salts are characterised by smaller differences. On this basis, it is concluded that the salt content of the material is best assessed using tests that make it possible to recognise the salt in question and its quantity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Atrazine Contamination in Soil by ELISA

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kramer ◽  
Johann Lepschy ◽  
Bertold Hock
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Atrazine Contamination ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hplc Data

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for screening atrazine residues in soil. Samples were annually collected in Southern Germany between 1993 and 1998. An average of 419.5 samples was analyzed per year amounting to 2517 samples. The fraction of positive samples defined by atrazine concentrations >100 μg/kg soil decreased successively from 8% (corresponding to 33 samples) in 1993 to 0.6% (corresponding to 2 samples) in 1998. All positive samples and a selection of negative samples were subsequently validated by HPLC. Comparison of ELISA and HPLC data yielded correlation coefficient values of r= 0.958–0.981 (n= 18–47), except for 1995 when only a correlation of r= 0.864 (n= 18) was obtained. Four samples were overestimated and another 4 were underestimated with respect to the atrazine threshold value of 100 μg/kg soil as revealed by HPLC validation. Thus, 99.68% of 2517 analyzed samples were correctly evaluated. The precision and reproducibility of the ELISA were adequate for a prescreening tool. The low cost per sample and the high sample throughput are not yet achievable by conventional analytical methods. The described combination of ELISA and HPLC has the potential to take advantage of both methods and to restrict determination errors to a minimum.

Studies of the Modelling Accuracy of Steam Turbine Control Systems for Diagnostic Tests of Automatic Synchronizers

2013 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Redlarski ◽  
Janusz Piechocki ◽  
Mariusz Dąbkowski
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

One of the important factors that affect the reliable operation of the power system and the rapid restitution after disaster is a quick and effective combining synchronous electric power facilities to operate in parallel [. Hence, diagnostics of automatic synchronizers at every stage of their life, from building a prototype, through the whole life, until removing such devices from the operation, is an extremely important and responsible activity. In ordinary practice, this action is performed by dedicated test of mechatronics systems, called simulators [2, , in close to real - or even more restricted - conditions. One of the major limitations in the relevant field undoubtedly concerns the selection of an appropriate structure and implementation of models of the angular velocity control systems involved in the process of connection. These models must be simple enough to allow computation with a frequency of kHz, and, at the same time, developed enough to be able to form diverse and close to real working conditions. For these reasons, classical approach is not possible, allowing the use of well-known Parks model [ of the synchronous generator and the complex - and often nonlinear [. Hence, considered above-mentioned requirements and indicated constraints, to test the automatic synchronizer the designers of mechatronics systems use a number of simplifications during modeling of the angular speed control systems [. However, models are not detailed enough to study the impact of changes in the shape of relevant characteristics under the influence of changes the angle of phase discrepancy in the process of connecting. Hence, this paper presents the results of the research of the currently used method of modeling the most commonly used control systems of angular velocity, in the respective systems.

Balamuthia mandrillaris from soil samples

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2837-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma H. Dunnebacke ◽  
Frederick L. Schuster ◽  
Shigeo Yagi ◽  
Gregory C. Booton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Different Soils

Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebas are recognized as a causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, a disease that is usually fatal. They were first recognized when isolated from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died in the San Diego Zoo Wild Life Animal Park. Subsequently, the amoebas have been found in a variety of animals, including humans (young and old, immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons), in countries around the world. Until recently, the amoebas had not been recovered from the environment and their free-living status was in question. The recovery of a Balamuthia amoeba from a soil sample taken from a plant at the home of a child from California, USA, who died of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis, was reported previously. In a continued investigation, a second amoeba was isolated from soil that was obtained from an outdoor potted plant in a spatially unrelated location. A comparison of these two environmental amoebas that were isolated from different soils with the amoeba that was obtained from the child's clinical specimen is reported here. Included are the isolation procedure for the amoebas, their growth requirements, their immunological response to anti-Balamuthia serum, their sensitivity to a selection of antimicrobials and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The evidence is consistent that the amoebas isolated from both soil samples and the clinical isolate obtained from the Californian child are B. mandrillaris.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cultural Conditions for the Production of Pectinase from Selected Fungal Strain

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Dhital ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Tika Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Pectinase Production ◽  
Enzyme Application ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pectin Substances

Pectinase are the group of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of pectin substances through de-polymerisation and de-esterification. This study is concerned on the isolation, screening and selection of suitable strain of pectinolytic organism and optimization of cultural conditions for the biosynthesis of pectinase. From the soil samples collected from Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Gulmi, Manang and Dang, 18 fungal colonies were isolated on the basis of halozone formation on Potato dextrose agar and identified. Enzyme production was carried out by submerged state fermentation. The partially purified enzymes showing higher pectinolytic activity were characterized on the basis of temperature of incubation, substrate concentration and pH of the substrate by Dinitro salicylic acid assay (DNSA) method. The fungal isolate showing highest enzyme activity was subjected to optimization of culture medium for the production of enzymes. On optimization, it was found that MG1 (Aspergillus niger) was the most potent strain at 1.5% substrate (pectin) concentration, pH 4.5 and temperature of 30°C. On the enzyme application, the yield of the orange juice, Total Soluble Solid and absorbance increased as the concentration of the enzyme increased and hence increasing the possibility of being used commercially for maximum pectinase production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11752 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (65-70), 2013

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