scholarly journals The researching of shadow economic relations of small businesses in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Наталья Лащинская ◽  
Natal'ya Laschinskaya ◽  
Виктория Няргинен ◽  
Viktoriya Nyarginen
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Economic Relations

The article studies the basic schemes of shadow activity, defines the main goals of shadow operations, and also identifies the main reasons for the functioning of small business in the shadow economy. In particular, it is shown that in order to maintain normal functioning conditions in the shadow economy and the possibility of stable receipt of shadow income, small businesses create a whole structure of shadow income expenses that cover the costs of functioning in the shadow economy.

scholarly journals REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
E. Nikitchenko ◽  
A. Bukhtiarova
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Difficult Times

The shadow economy has been an integral part of society since the beginning of economic relations. With each stage of society’s development, it becomes an increasing problem and has more and more destructive consequences. Shadow processes pose a significant threat to the national economy of Ukraine. Besides, this problem is a marker of unresolved issues in the marketplace and its governance structure, as each question has its cause. That is why addressing the shadow economy is such an essential step in improving the country’s economic situation in difficult times of crisis. It is clear that the complete overcoming of shadowing processes is a perfect idea, but still, control over this phenomenon must be of high quality. The primary purpose of the study is to highlight the main factors of shadowing for the active form of tools to combat the shadow economy. During the review of the material, a causal relationship was structured and identified by the topic, and a method for normalizing the shadow economy was developed. It has been found that the shadow economy is the result, a specific socio-economic response to incorrect economic policies. It is also established that the tax burden is one of the leading factors in the transition of part of the company’s activities into the shadows. Improper distribution of the tax burden significantly reduces the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses in the goods and services market. It is also concluded that the shadow economy is a particular shock absorber of social inequality, namely the large gap between the poor and the wealthy. Hence, the shadow economy provides lower-priced goods that are more affordable for the poor. It has also been found that corruption also plays a massive role in this issue. It provokes the shadow economy as an effect on social and legal inequality and often the inability of the enterprise to survive without ties to the administrative apparatus. The shadow economy is a reaction to imperfect antitrust policies, where small businesses are less competitive and often cannot enter the market at all. Methods for stabilizing the level of the country’s shadow economy have also been developed and proposed.

Management of small business development in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-518
Author(s):  
L.I. Pronyaeva ◽  
O.A. Fedotenkova
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Expert Estimate ◽  
Foreign Countries

Subject. This article discusses the economic relations and institutional and managerial processes in the sphere of State regulation of small business development at the regional level. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations on improvement of the management system and strengthening of State influence in the sphere of small business development in the region. Methods. For the study, we used the economic and statistical methods, graphic and expert estimate techniques, and the literature review approach. Results. The article summarizes the experience of small business operations in foreign countries and assesses the developments of Russian economists dealing with small businesses and regional development. It defines the factors constraining the development of small business in the region and shows the main areas of its support by the State. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of small business development in the region, the article offers an original scorecard. Conclusions. Implementing the proposed recommendations will help assess the condition of small business and apply appropriate tools in the system of State management of small business development in regions.

scholarly journals SMALL BUSINESS: THE APPLICATION OF SPECIAL TAX REGIMES

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
N. A. Chumakova ◽  
M. N. Andreiko
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Market Needs

Small business is an important sector of the market economy of any state, due to a number of objective reasons. As a result of the development of small and medium-sized businesses, new jobs are created, new sources of income appear in the structure of the household budget, the social burden in the expenditure part of the budget decreases. Thus, in the system of economic relations, small business can solve a number of social issues aimed at increasing employment and welfare of citizens. In addition, a small business allows to adapt the production to changing circumstances and thereby respond quickly to market needs; makes products cost-competitive and as a result, a layer of small business for the state is a major source of tax revenue. Today to subjects of small business according to the legislation are offered a number of the systems of the taxation and tax privileges directed on optimization and minimization of the taxation of these categories of taxpayers for the purpose of the state support of their activity. The article analyzes the existing special tax regimes for small businesses, identifies the advantages and limitations of each of them.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

scholarly journals Effects of Regional Bank Merger on Small Business Borrowing: Evidence from Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Hironobu Miyazaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Aman
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Small Business Lending ◽  
Borrowing Costs ◽  
Bank Merger ◽  
Regional Bank ◽  
Small Business Loans ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of a regional bank merger in Japan on borrowing by small businesses, focusing on firms that borrow from the acquiring bank, the acquired bank, or both. First, we find that post-merger borrowing costs declined. This result suggests that small borrowers enjoy more favorable post-merger financing conditions because efficiencies from economies of scale lead to lower costs. Second, we<strong> </strong>find that post-merger borrowing costs decline for firms that borrow only from the acquiring or acquired bank, whereas they did not decline for firms that borrow from both. Third, we find that only small business loans to firms that borrow from both the acquiring and acquired banks decrease post-merger. This result suggests that small business lending might decline because of a merged bank’s loan portfolio and lending strategy.

The Role of SBA Loans in Small Business Survival after Disaster Events

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2110282
Author(s):  
Maria Watson
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Business Administration ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Local businesses are important for recovering communities, yet program analyses of the effectiveness of Federal disaster loans—particularly for businesses—are limited and contradictory. This study looks at the role U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Loans played in the long-term survival of small businesses in Galveston County, Texas after the 2008 Hurricane Ike. This research uses quasi-experimental design, matching methods, and conditional logistic regression to tease out the effect of the loan from potential confounding factors. The results show that businesses that received a disaster loan were significantly more likely to survive than their controls, and businesses that moved were also more likely to survive.

Measuring Success in Family Businesses: The Concept of Configurational Fit

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hienerth ◽  
Alexander Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Success Measurement ◽  
Success Evaluation ◽  
As Effects

The problems associated with measuring success in small businesses are primarily caused by a lack of comparable data due to the ambiguity of “success” and by subjective biases. Success evaluation is dominated by the estimates of business owners, who tend to overestimate overall success and internal strengths. However, reliable success measurement instruments would be useful for small business owners/managers as well as small business policymakers. The main purposes of this article are to compare various measures of success, to explore the differences in their outcomes, and to analyze whether a model of success measurement using configurational fit can be used to overcome subjective biases. The study is based on a recent survey of 103 small family-owned businesses in the eastern Austrian border region. Our analysis of the data confirmed the existence of the measurement problems mentioned above. Although some individual indicators show significant biases as well as effects due to company age, size, and industry, the aggregated indicator based on the concept of configurational fit seems to be an appropriate means of overcoming most of these drawbacks.

FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN SMALL BUSINESS MODEL AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Natal’ya E. Egorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the quantitative and structural stability of Russian small business and identifies the model features of its functioning. It investigates the dynamics of development of Russian small business is investigated and notes a downward trend in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises over the past two years. A conclusion is drawn that the quantitative indicators reflecting its functioning are highly sensitive to the negative effects of the macroeconomic environment. The author introduces a concept of the small business heterogeneity and brings up its structural characteristics, represented by various categories of small and medium-sized firms. Comparative analysis of the Russian small business model with foreign small business confirms its quantitative and structural instability. That makes the considered sector of the national economy vulnerable to shocks (externalities), including the COVID-19 pandemic. It is assumed that the negative consequences of the pandemic will affect Russian small businesses more than foreign ones, and the gap in their development levels will widen. An assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Russian small business and a forecast of its development are made in the context of limited government support and the absence of active bank lending.

Econometric Analysis Of Factors Influencing The Practice Of Crediting To Small Businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Abdullaeva Sh.Z. ◽  
◽  
Rustamova M. ◽  
Ergashboev M. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Further Development

The article provides suggestions and comments on the role of small business in the economy and the further development of its lending system

Characteristics of the ERP Systems Designed for Managing Small Businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Hlebarov
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Business In Society

This article mainly aims to introduce the particular charactersitics of the ERP systems, used for managing small businesses, by answering several basic questions related to this topic: What do we generally understand by ERP systems? What is the essence of ERP for small business? What is the role of ERP for small business? What do we understand by small business? What are the characteristics of small business? What is the role of small business in society? What are the basic problems of small business? What is today’s business environment? In this respect, the report introduces the essence and the role of the ERP systems used for managing small business organizations in a structured and summarized way. It shows how the specific characteristics of small business and today’s business environment affect the ERP configurations, compared to those used in large organizations. At the end of the paper, a summary is provided of the characteristics of the ERP systems used for managing small organizations.

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