scholarly journals Humanism in Asian medical education - A scoping review

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Cindy Shiqi Zhu ◽  
Ryan Kye Feng Yap ◽  
Samuel Yong Siang Lim ◽  
Ying Pin Toh ◽  
Victor Weng Keong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: Humanistic values lie at the heart of medicine. In the wake of professional breaches among health care professionals, the place of humanistic values in medical training has been the subject of much debate and development in the literature. This scoping review aims to map the current understanding of how humanism in the Asian socio-cultural context may be understood and applied, and how the strengthening of humanistic values may be further integrated into medical schools in Asia. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's approach to scoping reviews was used to guide the study protocol. Databases PubMed, ERIC, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for articles on humanism and medical education in Asia. Data charting and thematic analysis were performed on the final articles selected. Results: Three hundred and six abstracts were retrieved, 93 full-text articles were analysed, and 48 articles were selected. Thematic analysis revealed four themes on the need to strengthen humanistic values, the challenge of finding a common framework and definition, opportunities in medical school for curriculum design and training, and the need for validated tools in program evaluation in Asia. Conclusion: Themes highlighted in this review show an increasing recognition amongst Asian medical educators of the importance of inculcating humanistic values into medical training. Further research and ongoing discussion are needed to develop culturally relevant, effective, and integrative curricula in order to promote humanistic attitudes and behaviours among medical students and physicians in Asia.

scholarly journals Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review of the Literature 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Beggs ◽  
Liza Koshy ◽  
Elena Neiterman
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
World Health ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Despite public health efforts to promote breastfeeding, global rates of breastfeeding continue to trail behind the goals identified by the World Health Organization. While the literature exploring breastfeeding beliefs and practices is growing, it offers various, and sometimes conflicting, explanations regarding women’s attitudes towards and experiences of breastfeeding. This research explores existing empirical literature suggestions regarding women’s perceptions about and experiences with breastfeeding. The overall goal of this research is to identify what barriers mothers face when attempting to breastfeed and what supports they need to guide their breastfeeding choices. Methods This paper uses a scoping review methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and PsychInfo databases were searched utilizing a predetermined string of key words. After removing duplicates, papers published in 2010-2020 in English were screened for eligibility. A literature extraction tool and thematic analysis were used to code and analyze the data.Results In total, 59 papers were included in the review. Thematic analysis showed that mothers tend to assume that breastfeeding will be easy and find it challenging to cope with breastfeeding challenges. A lack of partner support and social networks, as well as advice from health care professionals, play critical roles in women’s decision to breastfeed. Conclusion While breastfeeding mothers are generally aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, they experience barriers at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Acknowledging that breastfeeding is associated with challenges and providing adequate institutional support can improve breastfeeding rates and have a positive impact on women’s breastfeeding experiences.

scholarly journals Working with entrustable professional activities in clinical education in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin Pinilla ◽  
Eric Lenouvel ◽  
Andrea Cantisani ◽  
Stefan Klöppel ◽  
Werner Strik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Entrustable Professional Activities ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clinical Rotations ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are increasingly used in undergraduate medical education (UME). We conducted a scoping review to summarize the evidence for the use of EPAs in clinical rotations in UME. Methods We searched multiple databases for scoping reviews based on the PRISMA guidelines for articles reporting qualitative and quantitative research, as well as conceptual and curriculum development reports, on EPAs in UME clinical rotations. Results We identified 3309 records by searching through multiple databases. After the removal of duplicates, 1858 reports were screened. A total of 36 articles were used for data extraction. Of these, 47% reported on EPA and EPA-based curriculum development for clerkships, 50% reported on implementation strategies, and 53% reported on assessment methods and tools used in clerkships. Validity frameworks for developing EPAs in the context of clerkships were inconsistent. Several specialties reported feasible implementation strategies for EPA-based clerkship curricula, however, these required additional faculty time and resources. Limited exposure to clinical activities was identified as a barrier to relevant learning experiences. Educators used nationally defined, or specialty-specific EPAs, and a range of entrustability and supervision scales. We found only one study that used an empirical research approach for EPA assessment. One article reported on the earlier advancement of trainees from UME to graduate medical education based on summative entrustment decisions. Conclusions There is emerging evidence concerning how EPAs can be effectively introduced to clinical training in UME. Specialty-specific, nested EPAs with context-adapted, entrustment-supervision scales might be helpful in better leveraging their formative assessment potential.

scholarly journals Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Breastfeeding: a scoping review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Beggs ◽  
Liza Koshy ◽  
Elena Neiterman
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Despite public health efforts to promote breastfeeding, global rates of breastfeeding continue to trail behind the goals identified by the World Health Organization. While the literature exploring breastfeeding beliefs and practices is growing, it offers various and sometimes conflicting explanations regarding women’s attitudes towards and experiences of breastfeeding. This research explores existing empirical literature regarding women’s perceptions about and experiences with breastfeeding. The overall goal of this research is to identify what barriers mothers face when attempting to breastfeed and what supports they need to guide their breastfeeding choices. Methods This paper uses a scoping review methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and PsychInfo databases were searched utilizing a predetermined string of keywords. After removing duplicates, papers published in 2010–2020 in English were screened for eligibility. A literature extraction tool and thematic analysis were used to code and analyze the data. Results In total, 59 papers were included in the review. Thematic analysis showed that mothers tend to assume that breastfeeding will be easy and find it difficult to cope with breastfeeding challenges. A lack of partner support and social networks, as well as advice from health care professionals, play critical roles in women’s decision to breastfeed. Conclusion While breastfeeding mothers are generally aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, they experience barriers at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. It is important to acknowledge that breastfeeding is associated with challenges and provide adequate supports for mothers so that their experiences can be improved, and breastfeeding rates can reach those identified by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Collaborative Online Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Luk ◽  
Joyce Tsang ◽  
Hang-Sang Tsoi ◽  
Karina Chan ◽  
Julie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Collaborative online learning is an active learning method that stimulates interaction between learners and teachers and fosters interest and motivation in learning in a virtual learning environment. Aim:The primary aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and nature of academic publications on collaborative online learning in undergraduate medical education.Methods:We used a standardized framework for conducting scoping reviews to identify suitable publications and to analyze the content. ResultsThirty-six published articles from January 1990-March 2019 met the inclusion criteria. There were 16 interventional studies, 8 reviews, 7 commentaries and 5 survey studies. Most work originated in the UK or the US. These studies found that collaborative online learning demonstrated educational value by personalizing learning to fit individual needs, promoting social interaction and active learning, and helping to build professional networks Connectivity, ease of use, and accessibility were enablers of collaborative online learning while technical challenges were the main barrier. ConclusionThere is a relatively small but promising body of work currently published on collaborative online learning in undergraduate medical education. Further work and innovation in this area may be forthcoming in response to the need for alternatives to traditional learning in times of crisis.

scholarly journals Social Media and Medical Education in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Katz ◽  
Neilanjan Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought virtual web-based learning to the forefront of medical education as training programs adapt to physical distancing challenges while maintaining the rigorous standards of medical training. Social media has unique and partially untapped potential to supplement formal medical education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the incentives, applications, challenges, and pitfalls of social media–based medical education for both trainees and educators. METHODS We performed a literature review via PubMed of medical research involving social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp, and podcasts. Papers were reviewed for inclusion based on the integrity and power of the study. RESULTS The unique characteristics of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, WhatsApp, and podcasts endow them with unique communication capabilities that serve different educational purposes in both formal and informal education settings. However, contemporary medical education curricula lack widespread guidance on meaningful use, application, and deployment of social media in medical education. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and institutions must evolve to embrace the use of social media platforms for medical education. Health care professionals can approach social media engagement in the same ethical manner that they would with patients in person; however, health care institutions ultimately must enable their health care professionals to achieve this by enacting realistic social media policies. Institutions should appoint clinicians with strong social media experience to leadership roles to spearhead these generational and cultural changes. Further studies are needed to better understand how health care professionals can most effectively use social media platforms as educational tools. Ultimately, social media is here to stay, influencing lay public knowledge and trainee knowledge. Clinicians and institutions must embrace this complementary modality of trainee education and champion social media as a novel distribution platform that can also help propagate truth in a time of misinformation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Year of Enduring COVID-19: Typology of Attitudes Displayed by Health Care Professionals in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-398
Author(s):  
Maryna Klimanska ◽  
Larysa Klymanska ◽  
Inna Haletska
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Parameters

Aim. Identification and construction of the typology of attitudes of health care professionals in Ukraine to the current COVID-19 situation and vaccination process. Methods. Transcripts of 49 semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis constituted the subject matter of the analysis. On the basis of the categories identified within the thematic analysis process, a typology was developed, with due account of two parameters: the idea about the origin of the virus: artificial or natural, and the attitude of the informants to the policy (implementation of policy decisions) chosen by the authorities to fight the virus. Combination of these two parameters gives four standpoints—types of attitude of health care professionals to the risks associated with COVID-19. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results has enabled to outline the problem field for assessing the risk of COVID-19, which includes three topics, as well as to point out four typical standpoints in the attitude displayed by health care professionals that are marked as “magical thinking,” “technological thinking,” “negativistic thinking,” “critical thinking.” Originality. The research was conducted during the third wave of coronavirus in Ukraine, therefore, it reflects the analysed opinions of health care professionals about the threat of COVID-19 and vaccination process. The fact that the research was performed using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of changes in the COVID-19 situation.

scholarly journals Postgraduate Medical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Spanning 26 Years and Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4s) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohray Talib ◽  
Lalit Narayan ◽  
Thomas Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Strategic Support

ABSTRACT Background Investments in training physician specialists through postgraduate medical education (PGME) are critical for Sub-Saharan Africa, given the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases. Objectives The objectives of this scoping review were to (1) understand the breadth of publications on PGME from Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) conduct a thematic analysis of lessons learned by specific training programs. Methods We conducted a literature search of 7 databases for PGME literature published between January 1991 and December 2016. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts for inclusion. Full-text articles were then reviewed, and bibliometric data were extracted to create a profile of PGME-related publications. Two authors coded the manuscripts to identify articles written about specific PGME programs. These were analyzed for lessons learned. Results We identified 813 publications that reported on postgraduate medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most articles were published between 2005 and 2016. Nations leading in publication were South Africa and Nigeria, followed by Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi. The largest number of articles related to general surgery training, followed by family medicine, emergency medicine, and anesthesiology. Thematic analysis revealed advantages of training programs for health facilities, challenges related to teaching, resourcing, and standardizing of training, and lessons learned related to international partnerships, faculty engagement, and research support for trainees. Conclusions PGME in Sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over the past 26 years. Future growth will require strategic support to scale programs, support new specialties, trainees, and teachers, and leverage best practice models to sustain PGME programs.

scholarly journals INTERVENTIONS TO ASSIST PARENTS IN ACCURATELY DOSING LIQUID MEDICATIONS FOR THEIR CHILDREN: A SCOPING REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e9-e9
Author(s):  
Jun Feng (Alex) Pan ◽  
Katrina Hurley ◽  
Janet Curran ◽  
Eleanor Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
English Language ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Dosing Error ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Parents’ inaccurate dosing of liquid medications for their children is common, resulting in treatment failure and potential adverse effects. Educational interventions delivered by health care professionals are a means to help parents properly administer liquid medications. OBJECTIVES This scoping review was conducted to identify and describe empirically researched educational interventions that prevent inaccurate dosing of liquid medications by parents of children less than 12 years old. DESIGN/METHODS We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews. With assistance from a library scientist, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science for English-language articles published before June 2017. We also looked at the reference lists of the included articles and subsequent articles that have cited them to identify additional studies (forward and backward searching). Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved titles and abstracts using predetermined criteria. Only quantitative, empirically designed studies that examined interventions delivered by health care professionals to help parents of children under 12 years old to accurately dose liquid medications were included. We appraised the quality of the included articles using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) and conducted a thematic analysis to identify trends and patterns. RESULTS Of the 180 abstracts identified in the search strategy, 9 studies met our inclusion criteria. We identified four main types of interventions: 1. use of visual aids (n=6); 2. use of advanced counselling strategies (n=2); 3. use of standardized measuring tools (n=3); and, 4. use of standardized units of measurement (n=2). Some studies evaluated more than one type of intervention. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate, with 11.1% (n=1) scoring 0.25, 33.3% (n=3) scoring 0.50, 55.6% (n=5) scoring 0.75, and none scoring 1.0. CONCLUSION Dosing accuracy of liquid medication for children by their parents is an important topic. More high quality studies conducted by a variety of research groups are needed to ensure the development and implementation of effective evidence-based educational interventions. There is a lack of standardization in the definition of a dosing error. Consensus regarding a standard definition would help studies be more comparable.

scholarly journals Qualität der Versorgung beatmeter Menschen in der außerstationären Intensivpflege in Deutschland: Ein Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (08/09) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
Hanna Klingshirn ◽  
Laura Gerken ◽  
Peter Heuschmann ◽  
Kirsten Haas ◽  
Martha Schutzmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Qualität Der Versorgung ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die außerklinische Intensivversorgung von Menschen mit Langzeitbeatmung ist ein stark anwachsender Bereich mit vielseitigen Versorgungsbedarfen. Ziel dieses Scoping Reviews ist es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Qualität der Versorgung beatmeter Menschen in der außerstationären Intensivpflege in Deutschland darzustellen und Forschungslücken aufzudecken. Methode Anhand definierter Einschlusskriterien wurden 4 Datenbanken nach Publikationen zur Versorgung von außerklinisch beatmeten Menschen in Deutschland durchsucht. Datenextraktion und Synthese erfolgten nach der Methode der „data driven thematic analysis“. Eine Differenzierung zwischen Forschung und Expertenmeinung fand statt. Ergebnisse Die Suche ergab 493 Treffer, von denen insgesamt 68 Publikationen eingeschlossen wurden, darunter 2 Leitlinien (3%), 45 (66%) Forschungsarbeiten und 21 (31%) Expertenmeinungen. Inhaltlich konnten folgende Themenfelder identifiziert werden: Organisation und Steuerung der Beatmung (n=43; 63%), pflegerische (n=23; 34%), medizinische (n=39; 57%), therapeutische (n=7; 10%) und Hilfsmittelversorgung (n=24; 35%), sowie die Sicht beatmeter Personen und deren Angehörigen (n=33; 49%) und weitere Themen (n=13; 19%). Schlussfolgerung Obwohl der Qualitätsdiskurs zur Versorgung beatmeter Personen in der außerklinischen Intensivpflege breit geführt wird, fehlen Studien zur Bedarfsgerechtigkeit von Versorgungsleistungen, zu Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe in Abhängigkeit der Wohnform oder zur Rolle einzelner ‚Health Professionals‘ im interprofessionellen Team.

scholarly journals Virtual reality in medical students’ education: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046986
Author(s):  
Jiang Haowen ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Lorainne Tudor Car
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Author ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Scoping Reviews

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is a technology that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world. In recent years, VR has been increasingly used as a tool in medical education. The use of VR in medical education has large potential, as it allows for distance learning and training which may be challenging to deliver in real life. VR encompasses different tools and applications. There is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education to date.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to conceptualise the VR tools available and the applications of VR in undergraduate medical education as reported in the literature. This scoping review will identify any gaps in this field and provide suggestions for future research.Methods and analysisThe relevant studies will be examined using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework for scoping studies. A comprehensive search from a total of six electronic databases and grey literature sources will be performed. The reference list of included studies will be screened for additional studies. The screening and data extraction will be done in parallel and independently by two review authors. Any discrepancies will be resolved through consensus or discussion with a third review author. A data extraction form has been developed using key themes from the research questions. The extracted data will be qualitatively analysed and presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, alongside a narrative summary, in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be collected from published and grey literature. Ethics approval is therefore not a requirement. We will present our findings at relevant conferences and submit them for publications in peer-reviewed journals.

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