scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE AMMONIA AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATIC FACTORS INTERACTIONS, CASE STUDY 2008 BACAU CITY ROMANIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
DOINA CAPȘA ◽  
NARCIS BÂRSAN ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF ◽  
EMILIAN MOȘNEGUȚU ◽  
DANA CHIȚIMUȘ
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Economic Activities

Atmospheric pollution present interest for monitoring and analysis when one or more substances or mixture of pollutants are present in the atmosphere in quantities or for a period that can be dangerous for humans, animals or plants and contribute to endangering the activity or welfare of persons. The present research was aimed to establish a link between meteorological factors (temperature, wind, atmospherically humidity, solar radiation, air pressure) and the ammonia air pollutant. Particularities of research methodology consisted in establishing a connection between meteorological factors in Bacau area and its air quality, taking into account both direct and inverse effects induced by geographical complexity and economic activities. The correlations between ammonia air pollution and analyzed climatic factors variation were realized by graphical interpretations and observing the appropriate links of dependency. In one of the case (2008.08.20) a better dispersion of pollutants occurs in the case of sunshine duration over a longer period, without or with low nebulosity.

Case Study of Nanjing Inner Ring on Air Pollution Dispersion from Roadway Tunnel Portals

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Jiang Miao ◽  
Da Fang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Piecewise Function ◽  
Air Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Air Pollution Dispersion

The tunnel module of a rather simple Lagrangian model GRAL (Grazer Langrange model) has been chosen to study air pollutant dispersion around tunnel portals in Nanjing inner ring. Two points have been made to popularize GRAL3.5TM (the tunnel module of a Lagrangian model GRAL; the update was in May 2003) and assure it more suitable for the actual situations in Nanjing. One is to derive a piecewise function of the intermediate parameter ‘stiffness’. Another is to take Romberg NOx-NO2 scheme into account. After these 2 works on GRAL3.5TM, NO2 dispersion from portals of all the 6 tunnels in Nanjing inner ring has been simulated. The importance of limiting urban traffic volume to control air quality around tunnel portals and roadways has been emphasized.

scholarly journals Associations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors With COVID-19 Transmission in 31 Chinese Provinces: A Time Series Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110602
Author(s):  
Han Cao ◽  
Bingxiao Li ◽  
Tianlun Gu ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Kai Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations

Evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission is mixed. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 confirmed cases during the outbreak period throughout China. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in China from January 25 to February 29, 2020, (36 days) were extracted from authoritative electronic databases. The associations were estimated for a single-day lag as well as moving averages lag using generalized additive mixed models. Region-specific analyses and meta-analysis were conducted in 5 selected regions from the north to south of China with diverse air pollution levels and weather conditions and sufficient sample size. Nonlinear concentration–response analyses were performed. An increase of each interquartile range in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at lag4 corresponded to 1.40 (1.37–1.43), 1.35 (1.32–1.37), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 1.28 (1.27–1.29), and 1.26 (1.24–1.28) ORs of daily new cases, respectively. For 1°C, 1%, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, the ORs were 0.97 (0.97–0.98), 0.96 (0.96–0.97), and 0.94 (0.92–0.95), respectively. The estimates of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and all meteorological factors remained significantly after meta-analysis for the five selected regions. The concentration–response relationships showed that higher concentrations of air pollutants and lower meteorological factors were associated with daily new cases increasing. Higher air pollutant concentrations and lower temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity may favor COVID-19 transmission. Controlling ambient air pollution, especially for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may be an important component of reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, as winter months are arriving in China, the meteorological factors may play a negative role in prevention. Therefore, it is significant to implement the public health control measures persistently in case another possible pandemic.

scholarly journals Case Study on Anthropogenic Air Pollution in Nagpur City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2279-2282
Author(s):  
Mukul Dayaramani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Central India ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Corporate Community ◽  
Health And Well Being

Air pollution is a very serious problem worldwide. Anthropogenic air pollution is mostly related to the combustion of various types of fuels. Air pollutant levels remain too high and air quality problems are still not solved. The presence of pollutants in the air has a harmful effect on the human health and the environment. Good air quality is a prerequisite for our good health and well-being. Nagpur city is located in Maharashtra state of central India. Business hub and increased industrialization in study area is affecting the environment adversely. n. Changing life style of corporate community and their effects on other population enhancing the contamination of environment

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors Affecting the Incidence of Diabetes in the Elderly Population in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yao Lin ◽  
Saijun Zhou ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Zhuang Cui ◽  
Fang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
The Impact

Background. Research investigating the effect of air pollution on diabetes incidence is mostly conducted in Europe and the United States and often produces conflicting results. The link between meteorological factors and diabetes incidence remains to be explored. We aimed to explore associations between air pollution and diabetes incidence and to estimate the nonlinear and lag effects of meteorological factors on diabetes incidence. Methods. Our study included 19,000 people aged ≥60 years from the Binhai New District without diabetes at baseline. The generalized additive model (GAM) and the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) were used to explore the effect of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the incidence of diabetes. In the model combining the GAM and DLNM, the impact of each factor (delayed by 30 days) was first observed separately to select statistically significant factors, which were then incorporated into the final multivariate model. The association between air pollution and the incidence of diabetes was assessed in subgroups based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results. We found that cumulative RRs for diabetes incidence were 1.026 (1.011-1.040), 1.019 (1.012-1.026), and 1.051 (1.019-1.083) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively, as well as 1.156 (1.058-1.264) per 1 mg/m3 increase in CO in a single-pollutant model. Increased temperature, excessive humidity or dryness, and shortened sunshine duration were positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in single-factor models. After adjusting for temperature, humidity, and sunshine, the risk of diabetes increased by 9.2% (95% confidence interval (CI):2.1%-16.8%) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. We also found that women, the elderly (≥75 years), and obese subjects were more susceptible to the effect of PM2.5. Conclusion. Our data suggest that PM2.5 is positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in the elderly, and the relationship between various meteorological factors and diabetes in the elderly is nonlinear.

scholarly journals Comparison of emissions inventories of anthropogenic air pollutants and greenhouse gases in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 6393-6421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Saikawa ◽  
Hankyul Kim ◽  
Min Zhong ◽  
Alexander Avramov ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Central China ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. Anthropogenic air pollutant emissions have been increasing rapidly in China, leading to worsening air quality. Modelers use emissions inventories to represent the temporal and spatial distribution of these emissions needed to estimate their impacts on regional and global air quality. However, large uncertainties exist in emissions estimates. Thus, assessing differences in these inventories is essential for the better understanding of air pollution over China. We compare five different emissions inventories estimating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) from China. The emissions inventories analyzed in this paper include the Regional Emission inventory in ASia v2.1 (REAS), the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research v4.2 (EDGAR), the inventory by Yu Zhao (ZHAO), and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS). We focus on the period between 2000 and 2008, during which Chinese economic activities more than doubled. In addition to national totals, we also analyzed emissions from four source sectors (industry, transport, power, and residential) and within seven regions in China (East, North, Northeast, Central, Southwest, Northwest, and South) and found that large disagreements exist among the five inventories at disaggregated levels. These disagreements lead to differences of 67 µg m−3, 15 ppbv, and 470 ppbv for monthly mean PM10, O3, and CO, respectively, in modeled regional concentrations in China. We also find that all the inventory emissions estimates create a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited environment and MEIC emissions lead to much lower O3 mixing ratio in East and Central China compared to the simulations using REAS and EDGAR estimates, due to their low VOC emissions. Our results illustrate that a better understanding of Chinese emissions at more disaggregated levels is essential for finding effective mitigation measures for reducing national and regional air pollution in China.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in solar radiation and the associated climatic factors over China for 1961-2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2425-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Liang ◽  
X. A. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. Long-term trends in downwelling solar irradiance and associated climatic factors over China are studied in the paper. Decreasing trends in global and direct radiation are observed over much of China. The largest decrease occurs in South and East China (east of about 100° E and south of about 40° N). The spatial pattern of observed trends in diffuse irradiance is complex and inhomogeneous. An intriguing aspect of trends in global and direct irradiance is the rather abrupt decrease in annual and seasonal mean values from 1978 onward. The decreasing trends in solar radiation in China did not persist into the 1990s. The spatial and temporal patterns of trends in sunshine duration are consistent with that of global and direct irradiance. A decreasing trend in rainy days is observed over much of China, which is in agreement with the secular trend in cloud amount. The fact that trends in cloud amount and solar radiation are quite similar suggests that the cloud amount is not the primary cause for the decrease in solar radiation. Visibility in the eastern part of China has deteriorated heavily as a result of the rapid increase in aerosol loading. The statistical analysis showed that atmospheric transmission under clear conditions decreased rapidly. These facts suggest that the rapid increase in aerosol loading should be one of the principle causes for the decrease in solar radiation. The observed diurnal temperature range decreases remarkably in China, which is closely related to the increase in aerosols. The effects of anthropogenic air pollutants on climate should be further studied and included in the simulation of climate and projection of climate scenario. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosol and particles; General or miscellaneous) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Radiative processes)

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (32) ◽  
pp. 18984-18990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander S. Venter ◽  
Kristin Aunan ◽  
Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽  
Jos Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Fine Particulate

The lockdown response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented reduction in global economic and transport activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level air pollution concentrations, using satellite data and a network of >10,000 air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find declines in the population-weighted concentration of ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 60% with 95% CI 48 to 72%), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 31%; 95% CI: 17 to 45%), with marginal increases in ozone (O3: 4%; 95% CI: −2 to 10%) in 34 countries during lockdown dates up until 15 May. Except for ozone, satellite measurements of the troposphere indicate much smaller reductions, highlighting the spatial variability of pollutant anomalies attributable to complex NOxchemistry and long-distance transport of fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5). By leveraging Google and Apple mobility data, we find empirical evidence for a link between global vehicle transportation declines and the reduction of ambient NO2exposure. While the state of global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings allude to the potential for mitigating public health risk by reducing “business as usual” air pollutant emissions from economic activities. Explore trends here:https://nina.earthengine.app/view/lockdown-pollution.

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