scholarly journals Monitoring the Presence and Investigation of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and its Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Abdalla Aboumaalie ◽  
Samir Jaoua
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Feed Samples

Contaminating poultry feed and their products with mycotoxins produced by fungi may cause many health effects on animals and human if they were at high concentrations. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly monitor the concentration of mycotoxins specially aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in the poultry feed and their products. In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus was the major contaminant using DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. Using ELISA kit for ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin A did not exceed the detection limit 50 ng/kg but in one sample has exceeded the European Union maximum limit for aflatoxins of 20 μg/kg through the ELISA aflatoxin All kit. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in chicken liver samples using ELISA aflatoxin B1. Almost all samples were contaminated with fungi but only 4 feed samples showed aflatoxin concentration within the detection limit. Furthere experiments should be done on different liver samples in Qatar to chek the probability of this presence.

scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 ?g kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 ?g kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct.

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Feed by Immunoaffinity Cleanup and Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ding ◽  
Ziyou Mi ◽  
Yali Hou ◽  
Yigang He ◽  
Jianhua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cyanogen Bromide ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Feed Samples

Abstract A method using LC was developed for determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feeds. The extracted samples were cleaned up by an immunoaffinity column prepared by covalently coupling polyclonal antibodies against OTA to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. The eluates were determined by LC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of OTA from fortified samples of 1–10 μg/kg levels ranged from 84.3 to 90.0%, with CVs of 3.3–7.8%. The detection limit was 0.045 μg/kg based on an S/N of 3:1. A total of 65 feed samples were screened for OTA with the proposed method. The results showed that only nine samples were contaminated with OTAs at low levels. The presented method was successfully applied to quantify OTAs in real feed samples.

Improved Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Poultry Feed and Corn

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Chang-Yen ◽  
Keshore Bidasee
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lower Detection Limit ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Feed Samples

Abstract An improved visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for cyclopiazonic acid in poultry feed and corn. The method Is based on the reaction of cyclopiazonic acid with Ehrlich reagent and detection at 580 nm. Reaction conditions were optimized with respect to reaction and measurement times and acid and Ehrlich reagent concentrations. Calibration curves were linear from 1 to 20 μg cyclopiazonic acid in 3 mL Ehrlich reagent, with a lower detection limit of 0.08 mg/kg for 50 g samples of poultry feed and corn. Recoveries from 50 g samples of poultry feed spiked with cyclopiazonic ranging from 0.16 to 1.20 mg/kg averaged 93.8%. Moldy corn and poultry feed samples analyzed by this method contained between 1 and 4 mg/kg cyclopiazonic acid.

scholarly journals Detection of Ochratoxin A From Poultry Feed Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
L.A Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

One hundred poultry feed samples comprising of commercially produced poultry feed (48) and poultry feed compounded by farmers (privately milled) (52) were collected from farms located in Minna and analysed for Ochratoxin A (OTA), a member of group 2 possible carcinogen by High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. Thirty seven percent of the commercial poultry feeds were contaminated with OTA at a range of 0 -236.73ug/kg while hundred percent of privately made feed were contaminated with OTA at a range of 22.76-226.5lug/kg. The finding of this investigation showed that 71% (71/100) of the sampled poultry feed has OTA concentrations which was far in excess of the maximum permissible limit of 5ug/kg (the European Union Standard). This is of serious health concern to the birds and humans that consume the poultry products.

scholarly journals The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in poultry feed

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
R. Cmiljanic ◽  
S. Trenkovski ◽  
D. Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

In Serbia, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination. Because of that the aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds were examined for total fungi count and the presence of potential toxigenic fungi genera. Total fungi count were 1-9 x 104 CFU g-1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26%). The most prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09%) and Aspergillus (54.35%), followed by Rhizopus (40%), Penicillium (30.87%), Mucor (30.04%) and the least frequency species were from genus Alternaria (3.48%).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 and B2 in Poultary Feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Sita R. Aryal ◽  
Durga Karki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Aflatoxin B2 ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Feed Samples

A total of 65 poultry feed samples were examined for the detection of aflatoxin (aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2) using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Samples were collected from Chitwan and Kavrepalanchock districts. Out of those samples examined a total of 49 (75.38%) samples were found positive. Out of 49 (75.38%) samples positive, 42 (85.71%) samples were found positive both with aflatoxin B1 and B2 where as five (10.20%) samples were positive only with aflatoxin B1 and two (4.08%) samples were positive only with aflatoxin B2. Among them 13 (20%) samples were found positive having aflatoxin above permissible level. The concentration of aflatoxin in positive samples ranged from trace to 366 ppb (366 μg/kg). Likewise, out of 52 samples examined in rainy season, 40 samples (76.92%) were found positive where as out of 13 samples examined in winter season 9 (69.23%) were found positive.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 109-112DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11648

scholarly journals Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
Naoual Alahlah ◽  
Mohammed El Maadoudi ◽  
Nourredine Bouchriti ◽  
Nourredine Bouchriti ◽  
Réda Triqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Samples

The carry-over of contaminants from feed to animal products is an important issue in the animal production chain, therefore, the quality control of those animal products should include the control of the animal feed. The current study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of three types of animal feed (dairy animal feed, poultry feed, and fish feed) by Aflatoxin B1. A total of 68 animal feed samples were collected from the Northeastern Moroccan area (Tangier-Tétouan-AL Hoceima). The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetone/water. The sample extractions were filtered, diluted with phosphate-buffered saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. Aflatoxin B1 was eluted with methanol then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after post-column photochemical derivatization. The analytical results for the level of Aflatoxin B1 in the animal feed samples revealed an average presence of 44.12% for all analyzed samples. The concentrations were between 1.02 and 13.59 µg/Kg, with a mean value of 4.08 ± 3.11 µg/Kg. The results indicated that there was a significant difference across the three types of animal feeds regarding the concentrations of Aflatoxin B1.

scholarly journals Xerophilic moulds isolated from spices used in meat industry as potential producers of mycotoxins

2012 ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Slavica Veskovic-Moracanin ◽  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Group I ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Almost All

Spices are often considered as one of the possible sources of meat products contamination with toxigenic moulds. Genera Aspergillus, Eurotium and Penicillium are most frequent xerophilic storage moulds that contaminate spices. Because spices are possible source of contamination of the final product and potential producers of mycotoxins, it is necessary to estimate the degree of moulds contamination and their ability to produce secondary metabolites - mycotoxins. Mycological analysis was carried out on five samples of oregano and clove respectively. Presence of moulds was determined by parallel usage of Sabouraud maltose agar (SMA) and the medium that stimulates the growth of xerophilic species: malt - yeast extract agar with 50% of glucose (MY50G). Isolated moulds were classified into five genera (Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Rhizopus and Penicillium) and 9 species. Mycotoxins determination was carried out using ELISA test (commercial kits Tecna, Italy) for the presence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, A and zearalenone. The results showed the presence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in almost all samples, except one sample of oregano and one clove sample. We can conclude that it is necessary to introduce mandatory mycotoxins determination (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A), in raw material for meat industry, especially spices. These secondary metabolites are known as extremely toxic and are classified in group I of human carcinogens.

Aspergillus carbonarius as the Main Source of Ochratoxin A Contamination in Dried Vine Fruits from the Spanish Market

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. ABARCA ◽  
F. ACCENSI ◽  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
G. CASTELLÁ ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Black Aspergilli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
High Concentrations

Ochratoxin A (OTA) can occur in a wide range of foods, but unexpectedly high concentrations have been detected in dried vine fruits of various origins. The European Union has recently established a maximum OTA limit of 10 μg/kg for these foodstuffs. In order to determine the likely origin of OTA, a mycological study of 50 dried fruit samples (currants, raisins, and sultanas) representative of the Spanish market was conducted. Fungal contamination was detected in 49 of 50 (98%) samples. Black aspergilli were isolated from all of the positive samples. Aspergillus niger var. niger was isolated from 98% of the samples, and Aspergillus carbonarius was found in 58% of the samples. One hundred sixty-eight A. niger var. niger isolates and 91 A. carbonarius isolates were screened for their ability to produce OTA. Eighty-eight (96.7%) A. carbonarius isolates and one (0.6%) A. niger var. niger isolate were found to be OTA producers. Black aspergilli were the dominant fungi. Among black aspergilli, A. carbonarius has shown a consistent ability to produce OTA and is the most probable source of this mycotoxin in these substrates.

Survey for Co-occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 in Dried Figs in Turkey by Using a Single Laboratory-Validated Alkaline Extraction Method for Ochratoxin A

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1512-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. SENYUVA ◽  
J. GILBERT ◽  
S. OZCAN ◽  
U. ULKEN
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Positive Results

A survey was carried out to determine the co-occurrence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 in dried figs from Turkey. Samples from two seasons of crops (2003 and 2004) intended for export to the European Union and the 2004 crop obtained from the domestic Turkish market were analyzed. Affinity column cleanup methods were employed for determining separately ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1, but for ochratoxin A an alkaline extraction procedure was employed (in contrast to the conventionally employed acidic extraction), which gave consistently higher toxin recovery. In-house validation of the ochratoxin A method gave a limit of detection of 0.15 ng/g and a limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/g with a repeatability of 5.8% in the range 5 to 10 ng/g (with a mean recovery of 94% for spiked samples). Positive results for ochratoxin A were confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. For the 2003 export figs (58 samples), 7 samples contained only aflatoxin B1, 2 samples contained only ochratoxin A, and 2 samples contained both toxins (with maximum concentrations of 35.1 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 and 13.0 ng/g for ochratoxin A). Similarly for the 2004 export figs (41 samples), 16 samples contained only aflatoxin B1, 4 samples contained only ochratoxin A, and 2 samples contained both toxins (with maximum concentrations of 20.6 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 and 26.3 ng/g for ochratoxin A). Of 20 retail samples of dried figs from Turkey, only one sample contained ochratoxin A (2.0 ng/g) and none were contaminated with aflatoxin B1. This survey revealed a 14 to 15% incidence of occurrence of ochratoxin A for 2 years, which is higher than previously reported.

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