scholarly journals IMPACT EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IN BHOPAL DUE TO INCREASE IN NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Niranjan Mudliar ◽  
Paramjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

India has been progressing steadily since last two decades in terms of affordability of commodity and purchasing power of the common man. This has given rise to demand which leads to the continuous economic growth. Of course, support from the Government of India as well as various state Governments has come in the form of reforms and infrastructure funding. However this growth has also seen the disadvantage of erratic consumption by wealthy persons as compared to the economically weaker sections, for example on one side there is heavy demand of passenger cars by the higher income group who uses it sparingly but on the other side people of the lower income group who are more in numbers have to rely on public transport. This imbalance creates a wider gap between public affordability to consume a particular commodity like passenger cars. On one side there are persons who buy the latest model introduced by the manufacturer in spite of having sufficient numbers at their disposal and on the other side basic lowest level model are out of reach of some persons in the society, who rely on two-wheeler or public transport which is not reliable. This has not only created a huge gap in public expenditure but has also impact the environment. With year on year increase in number of vehicles in tier 2 cities like Bhopal, there is tremendous influence on the carbon dioxide (CO2) in and around the city. Past decade saw increase in maximum temperatures during summer rise by 3 – 4 degrees above normal in Bhopal and there is clear effect on the monsoon pattern too which has become inconsistent with rains reaching 120 mm in three days. Earlier this quantity was spread over a month. The last major season of winter is seen getting reduced to two months only from the earlier four, again with temperatures dropping suddenly below normal etc. This effect must be the result of increasing number of passenger vehicles in the city apart from other factors which also need detailed study for their influence.

scholarly journals Territori e piani dopo la crescita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Calace
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
Growth Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The purpose of the book is, on one hand, to try to trace a method and some working perspectives for post-growth planning, and on the other hand, to testify, through a concrete experience, the old and new questions and the interpretative and visionary effort that the territory poses to planning today. In a region like Apulia, which has followed an innovative path in the government of the territory and the landscape, the experience of knowledge and project for the city of Ugento is an opportunity to reflect on how today the construction of the plan can accompany the government of the territory in its development, rather than claiming to direct it, penetrate its policies and interact with its various instruments in a dynamic and even experimental way. In this way the construction of the plan can provide for a system of values to refer to in order to navigate the change and the design vision to be placed at the base of urban policies, tactics, individual interventions, thus coming to be a tool at the service of local development.

scholarly journals Cross Border Shopping from the Perspective of Domestic Tourists in Padang Besar, Perlis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Azila Azmi ◽  
Nurdin Ibrahim ◽  
Aida Khalida Mohamed Idris ◽  
Zamri Ahmad ◽  
Norfezah Md Nor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Border Town ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Padang Besar is a border town in Malaysia and it is located in the northern part of Perlis, which shares a border with the province of Songkhla, Thailand. This border town is popular for shopping activities among Malaysian and Thai. Most visitors and tourists come during the weekends, sometimes up to thousands at one time. This research paper examines the motivations of cross border shoppers from the perspective of domestic tourists in Padang Besar, Perlis. The objective is to identify the consumer characteristics and analyze the relationship between market characteristics with cross border shopping. This study employs quantitative method and the data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical software was used to analyze the 375 returned questionnaires. The findings revealed that most of the domestic tourists came from the lower income group and most of them were day tripper. They tend to spend more on food and beverages, while their average spending is more than RM300. Moreover, market characteristics show strong positive relationship towards this shopping activity. The information gathered is beneficial for both neighbouring countries as the government can help to improve the shopping area by facilitating the development with related tourism infrastructure and amenities.

scholarly journals Public Transport Performance Based on the Potential Demand and Service Area (Case Study : Jakarta Public Transport)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muchammad Zaenal Muttaqin ◽  
Yori Herwangi ◽  
Cahyono Susetyo ◽  
Tri Sefrus ◽  
Muhammad Subair
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Government

The effectiveness and efficiency of public transport should be a priority for transportation in developing cities. Despite the efforts from the government to improve public transportation, in Jakarta City, Indonesia, there is still 9.93% increase of private vehicles annually per year. In detail, contributor for increasing vehicles in Jakarta is motorcycles with an average annual increase of 10.54% every year, followed by an increase in the percentage of passenger cars by 8.75%. In contrast, the number of public transportation increased only by 1.74%. This research did the evaluation for public transport service in Jakarta by availability and accessibility for them. Neighborhood analysis and Proximity analysis used in this research. The results of the research showed that major problems in public transportations in Jakarta City are the coverage area of the service, route connectivity, and its accessibility for public facilities. There are only 7.78% for coverage area by flexible bus stop service with average walking distance by 300 m. Thus, there are some areas that are not passed by public transport routes, for about 18.5 million people live in blank spot area.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Ozone and other Air Pollutants in Al-Hilla City

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Ala'a Hamed Emran Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively and along the day the peak average ozone concentration is in the afternoon because of high temperature and high solar radiation intensity which is increasing the photochemical activity of ozone. There is no significant correlation between ozone and sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon dioxide CO2 (ρ > 0.05). High significant correlation is appeared between ozone and nitrogen oxides forms (ρ < 0.01). To express the complex relation between ozone and nitrogen oxide forms, proportions such as NO/NO2 and (NOx-NO)/NO is determined which explain the ozone photochemical activity. Ozone concentration decreases with increasing of NO/NO2 and increases with (NOx-NO)/NOx increasing.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM BIDANG KEMASYARAKATAN: STUDI DI DESA TOKA KECAMATAN BULIK TIMUR KABUPATEN LAMANDAU

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ambri Semet
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Government Authority

Results of the study are (1) the execution of the authorities of the Government of the village of Toka in the field of development could be said to be doing well, one of them empirically though the village of Toka is one of the villages that are a bit far from the District of the city, but according to the results of the interview with the head of the village and the surrounding communities say if their area could be said to have never experienced a serious thing about events that interfere with their village. Then one form of civic activities was coaching against the participation of the citizens. The form of Participation in the village of Toka researchers can see namely the participation of government directives and from Community initiatives itself clearly visible. However, in essence community involvement village of Toka is big enough in carrying out various activities of social mutual clearly still visible in the village. (2) the Government authority went on supporting Factors village of Toka is to Coaching against the BPD. Factors restricting implementation of the Government of the village is village of Toka Government does not attempt to establish coordination with the mengitensifkan and Binmas and Babinsa, especially in the peace and order of the villagers either from the election of the village chief or in terms of the construction of public security of the village of Toka. This mostly happens in rural areas, because of the large number of societies that still do not understand about the procedure of manufacture certificate, let alone land that the original owners were their parents who already have no land boundaries so that they have even mutual claimed by the other party.  

scholarly journals Impact on poverty and income inequality in Malaysia’s economic growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiul Islam ◽  
Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani ◽  
Irwanshah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Jeya Malar Rayaiappan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Working People ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
The Government

Poverty and income inequality are extreme issues that still exist in Malaysia. Any rise in poverty and income inequality definitely affect economic growth. There are many great efforts taken by the government of Malaysia to eradicate poverty and to reduce the gap of income inequality which occurs since 1970’s. The incidence of poverty and income inequality is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. This paper is mainly to study the level of poverty and income inequality in Malaysia together with government intervention to develop Malaysia’s economic growth. The research is focused among the working people at Ipoh, Perak. In this paper, questionnaire forms are being distributed to get information regarding the issue of poverty and income inequality. It also looks into the strategies taken by the government of Malaysia to eradicate poverty and income inequality. Few recommendations are given in terms of education policy, financial aid and assistance from government and non-government organization (NGO) to upgrade the standard and quality of living among the poor and lower-income group of people.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Public Transport Priority Tailored to Passenger Conflict Flows: A Case Study of the City of Zagreb

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4820
Author(s):  
Luka Novačko ◽  
Karlo Babojelić ◽  
Luka Dedić ◽  
Tomislav Rožić
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The City

Prioritizing public transport is one of the most effective measure to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of public transport in relation to individual vehicles. The main goal of this study was to examine the possibilities for reducing the travel time of tram vehicles by giving priority at signalized intersections in terms of sharing the traffic lane with personal vehicles and under conditions of strong conflict flows with private transport. For this purpose, we used the simulation tool VISSIM and its module EPICS. A methodology for determining weighting factors for prioritizing public transport flows was developed based on conflicting passenger flows in public transport vehicles and passenger cars. Three scenarios were tested in the study area: (1) “do nothing”; (2) unconditional priority; and (3) conditional priority. The results showed that unconditional priority led to unsustainable traffic conditions for personal vehicles and public transport. In contrast, conditional priority reduced the travel time of public transport on certain corridors by between 7.64% and 18.76% in the morning peak period, and 5.60% to 22.50% in the afternoon peak period.

Religion by Permission of the Government

Worldview ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Frank Patton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Church And State ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Estate Taxes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

In a 1970 decision the United States Supreme Court approved the exemption of church property from city real estate taxes, noting that “separation of church and state” was thereby well served (Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York). The Court stated:The exemption creates only a minimal and remote involvement between church and state and far less than taxation of churches. It restricts the fiscal relationship between church and state, and tends to complement and reinforce the desired separation, insulating each from the other.

The Tangle of Student Allowances

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Norman J. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Governments ◽  
School Students ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Government

All of the grants and allowances paid to students by the government (State or Commonwealth) can be classified under one of two categories: expense allowances or living allowances. The article begins by stating the case or need for such direct payments to students. It soon becomes clear that both categories of allowances are provided to equalise opportunity. In the case of expense allowances, the need varies from State to State depending upon the particular State's policies in making free schooling accessible to all students. Living allowances, provided to meet the needs of the socially and economically disadvantaged, constitute part of a government's package of measures designed to reduce the inequalities of private welfare that exist in our society. The article then focuses briefly on the apparent inequality in living allowance support given to high school students relative to tertiary students. Given the increasing concern for the rate at which students from a disadvantaged home environment drop out of senior schooling, the comparison appears particularly incongruous. In conclusion, the article argues for the identification of expense allowances with State governments and living allowances with the Commonwealth. This would link the expense outlays of students directly with the States whose particular policy of indirect educational expenditure caused the private expenses incurred. The Commonwealth, on the other hand, would be able to co-ordinate national objectives of welfare redistribution through the living allowance support of students.

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