scholarly journals AUTO LPG AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL AND ITS PROSPECTS TO COMBAT AIR POLLUTION IN GUWAHATI CITY, ASSAM, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Guwahati City ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Functional Mode

Auto LPG is considered as an environment friendly fuel. Auto LPG powered cars emit less pollutants compared to the other conventional fuels by 15-20% less carbon dioxide (CO2) than their petrol- and diesel-motivated counterparts and emit virtually no nitrogen oxides (NOX) or particulate matter (PM). LPG is legal to use as an automobile fuel by Government of India by Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Regulation of use in Motor Vehicles Order, 2001 dated 1st August 2001 under instruction from the Hon’ble Supreme Court to reduce automobile pollution in Indian cities. There are more than 27 million Auto LPG vehicles in use around the world. In India, there are about 2.32 million vehicles running on Auto LPG in 2018 with 1300 filling stations in 500 cities. In Assam there are four refineries. At present Guwahati is considered as one of the most polluted city in India. So, Government policies and regulations is very mush essential to popularize auto LPG as an alternative fuel in Assam for improving the air quality as well as to combat climate change. In 2007, four numbers of Auto LPG dispensing stations were set up in Assam which is now in non-functional mode. In this paper a survey was conducted to analyze the awareness and extent of adoption and perception of Auto LPG in Guwahati City.

scholarly journals Monitoring compliance with sulfur content regulations of shipping fuel by in situ measurements of ship emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 10087-10092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kattner ◽  
B. Mathieu-Üffing ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
S. Schmolke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. In 1997 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted MARPOL Annex VI to prevent air pollution by shipping emissions. It regulates, among other issues, the sulfur content in shipping fuels, which is transformed into the air pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2) during combustion. Within designated Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA), the sulfur content was limited to 1 %, and on 1 January 2015, this limit was further reduced to 0.1 %. Here we present the set-up and measurement results of a permanent ship emission monitoring site near Hamburg harbour in the North Sea SECA. Trace gas measurements are conducted with in situ instruments and a data set from September 2014 to January 2015 is presented. By combining measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and SO2 with ship position data, it is possible to deduce the sulfur fuel content of individual ships passing the measurement station, thus facilitating the monitoring of compliance of ships with the IMO regulations. While compliance is almost 100 % for the 2014 data, it decreases only very little in 2015 to 95.4 % despite the much stricter limit. We analysed more than 1400 ship plumes in total and for months with favourable conditions, up to 40 % of all ships entering and leaving Hamburg harbour could be checked for their sulfur fuel content.

scholarly journals Design of Security System Based on Raspberry-PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Mohanad Abdulhamid ◽  
Singoee Sheshai
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Live Video ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Tracking Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wireless Module

AbstractAs a critical constituent of many associations’ protection and security precedence, video surveillance has set up its importance and benefits numerous instances with the aid of imparting immediate supervising of possessions, people, surroundings and property. This paper deals with the diagram strategy of an embedded real-time surveillance gadget based totally on Raspberry-Pi single board computer (SBC) for intruder detection which is reinforcing technology of surveillance to supply fundamental security to our life and associated control and alert operations. The suggested safety solution is hinging on our novel integration of cameras and action detectors into application of web. Raspberry-Pi is operating and controlling action detectors and video cameras for far flung sensing and surveillance, streams live video and files it for future playback. Also, this paper is focusing on growing a surveillance machine that detects strangers and to response speedily through taking pictures and relaying photos to proprietor based totally wireless module. This Raspberry-Pi based clever surveillance machine presents the concept of monitoring a region in a far-flung area. The suggested solution offers a fee advantageous ubiquitous surveillance solution, environment friendly and convenient to implement. Furthermore, the paper presents the idea of motion detection and tracking using image processing. This type of technology is of great importance when it comes to surveillance and security. Live video streams therefore be used to show how objects can be detected then tracked. The detection and tracking process are based on pixel threshold.

scholarly journals Liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
Kristián Čulík ◽  
Vladimír Rievaj ◽  
Ján Gaňa
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Biomechanical Study of Rear Child Chest Injury Measures Related to Collapsing Front Seats in Rear Impacts

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Anthony Sances ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Steve Meyer ◽  
Joseph Lawson Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chest Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Rear Seating

Government recommendations have been made to place children into the rear seating areas of motor vehicles in order to alleviate airbag hazards in frontal impact. In most moderate to severe rear impacts, however, the adult occupied front seats will “yield” or “collapse” into the rear seat area and thus pose another potential head and chest injury hazard to the rear seated children. Numerous factors or variables, each with a wide parameter range, influence whether or not an occupied collapsing front seat will result in engagement with the rear occupant, and whether that engagement is likely to cause injury to the rear-seated occupant. A combined experimental and analytical method, employing instrumented surrogates in a sled-buck test set-up, has been utilized to study the multivariable potential injury problem of the rear-seated child in rear impact. A 3 year-old H-III surrogate, seated in the built-in booster seat of a minivan, was used as the rear seat passenger in this study. Five tests were utilized. The experimental surrogate data from the test method is combined into a “polynomial response function” that expresses “injury levels” (i.e. HIC and chest G) as a function of the many variables, and allows for analytical “interpolation and extrapolation” at variable combinations and ranges not tested. Actual accident cases were compared with the biomechanical injury measures. The present study presents a methodology to delineate the biomechanics of injuries using multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Traffic-Related Airborne VOC Profiles Variation on Road Sites and Residential Area within a Microscale in Urban Area in Southern Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Yen-Ting Lu ◽  
I-I Chung ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Methyl Cyclopentane ◽  
Set Up

The sampling sites, including roadsides and residential areas, were set up to collect ambient air and determine the volatile organic species it contained. For the roadside air, the average VOCs (volatile organic compounds) abundant at rush hour periods was two times that at non-rush hour periods. In the residential area, the VOC concentrationswere106 and 129 ppb during rush hour periods. The VOC concentration ratios of roadside and residential areas were in the range of 1.08–1.75 and the traffic emissions were related to the VOCs abundant in air. The highest VOC concentration was 168 ppb at midnight at residential sites and the VOC abundance could be two times that of roadside sites. This level of concentration could be attributed to the application of solvents and to human activity in a nearby motorcycle/vehicle maintenance plant, laundry rooms, etc. High abundant species were similar in both the roadside and residential air samples. These highly abundant species included toluene, acetone, acetonitrile, m,p-xylene and n-pentane, all of which can be emitted from traffic exhaust. Benzene, acrolein, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride and 1,3-butadiene were the main species with health impacts collected at both sites. In the micro-scale environment, the residential ambient air was affected by traffic flow from morning to night. In the midnight period, some local activities (a motorcycle/vehicle maintenance shop and laundry shops) affected the concentrations of certain VOCs (acetonitrile, toluene, hexane, 2-methylpentane, methyl cyclopentane and 3-methylpentane). The traffic and motor vehicles’ effects were determined, which could be useful for air quality management and strategy development in an urban area.

scholarly journals Empirical Study on the Efficiency of an LPG-Supplied Range Extender for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3528
Author(s):  
Jakub Lasocki ◽  
Artur Kopczyński ◽  
Paweł Krawczyk ◽  
Paweł Roszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Energy Dissipation System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A range extender is an auxiliary power unit, usually consisting of an internal combustion engine and an electric generator, which is used to charge a battery of an electric vehicle in order to increase its range. This paper considers a range extender supplied with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The aim is to provide detailed data on thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and unit emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a broad spectrum of range extender operating conditions defined by rotational speed and torque. The experimental investigation has been conducted using a laboratory test stand equipped with an energy dissipation system of adjustable resistance. Measurement results, including fuel flow rate, were processed using custom algorithm for generating maps, i.e., two-dimensional dependencies of the considered parameters on the rotational speed and torque. The maps obtained for LPG supply were compared with those for gasoline supply. The results demonstrated feasibility of LPG-supplied range extender. Its BSFC and thermal efficiency were at a comparable level to those obtained for gasoline supply, but with less CO2 emission. The empirical data collected has been adopted in the simulation of extended-range electric vehicle in a driving cycle, showing the potential of utilizing the results of this study.

scholarly journals PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR GAS MENJADI ALTERNATIF BAGI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBAHAN BAKAR PREMIUM

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Indartono Indartono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Selection Of

Indartono, in paper use of alternative fuel gas for a motor vehicle fuel oil explain that in many ways energy efficiency can also be more than just preservation. Energy efficiency is an attempt to reduce the use of petroleum materials and the selection of alternative fuels. Improved energy efficiency is also an environmental demands, because it can reduce air pollution, acid rain control the incidence and protect the earth from global warming, which may occur due to buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. One of the alternative fuel is CNG. In motor vehicles, CNG usage advantages include lower price, the exhaust gas is cleaner burning results and the potential source is still very large. Keywords: energy efficiency, fuel, CNG

A Neural Network Forecasting Model of Beijing Motor Vehicles Sold Based on Set Pare Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 2333-2336
Author(s):  
Xiao Xi Zhang ◽  
Ding Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Connection Number ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Partial Connection ◽  
Instance Analysis ◽  
The Development Trend

By applying neural networks to forecasting Beijing motor vehicles sold, sequencing the principal factors and analyzing the development trend using connection number and partial connection number of the set pair analysis (SPA), we set up the forecasting model of Beijing motor vehicles sold. The instance analysis shows that it is a scientific and suitable system analyzing method of high forecasting accuracy.

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