scholarly journals Role-taking, Emotion and the Two Selves

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Scheff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Everyday

This note links three hitherto separate subjects: role-taking, meditation, and theories of emotion, in order to conceptualize the makeup of the self. The idea of role-taking plays a central part in sociological theories of the self. Meditation implies the same process in terms of a deep self able to witness itself. Drama theories also depend upon a deep self that establishes a safe zone for resolving intense emotions. All three approaches imply both a creative deep self and the everyday self (ego) that is largely automated. The creativity of the deep self is illustrated with a real life example: an extraordinary psychotherapy experiment appears to have succeeded because it was based entirely on the intuitions of the therapist. At the other end from intuition, in one of her novels, Virginia Woolf suggested three crucial points about automated thought: incredible speed, role-taking, and by implication, the presence of a deep self. This essay goes on to explain how the ego is repetitive to the extent that it becomes mostly, and in unusual cases, completely automated (as in most dreams and all hallucinations). The rapidity of ordinary discourse and thought usually means that it is superficial, leading to greater and greater dysfunction, and less and less emotion. This idea suggests a new approach to the basis of ‘mental illness’ and of modern alienation.

The Emergence of the Self

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Scheff ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
The Self ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday

The need for integration may be the singie most important issue facing social science, the humanities and their subdisciplines, especially given the scope of the social/behavioral problems facing humanity. One path toward integrating disciplines, sub-disciplines, and micro-macro levels is suggested by Spinoza's idea of part/whole methodology, moving rapidly back and forth between concrete instances and general ideas. Any discipline, sub-discipline or level can serve as a valuable stepping-off place, but to advance further, integration with at least one other viewpoint may be necessary. This essay links three hitherto separate subjects: role-taking, meditation, and a theory of emotion. The idea of role-taking plays a central part in sociological social psychology. Meditation implies the same process in terms of a self able to witness the ego. Drama theories also depend upon a witnessing self that establishes a safe zone for resolving intense emotions. All three approaches imply that the everyday ego is largely automated. In one of her novels, Virginia Woolf suggests three crucial points about automated thought: incredible speed, how it involves role-taking, and by implication, the presence of a witnessing self.

scholarly journals The Purpose of Kata: When, Why, and for Whom Kata Forms Have Occurred in Okinawa

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Edvard Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Real Life Situation

AbstractThe primary aim of this research is to prove that the Kata forms were created for the self-defense of a weaker person against a stronger one. The materials and methods used for this research include a study of literature, old Chinese drawings, practical experience with Monku Jutsu, acupressure point fighting, history, Kata forms, anatomy, and body kinetics, as well as Chinese and modern philosophy.The most significant result of this study is a new approach to understanding Kata forms, with the most important conclusion being that Kata forms are an art of selfdefense that do not require fingers like iron or a body as hard as a rock in order for this knowledge to be used in a real life situation.

scholarly journals Identity and Writing in the Diaries of Plath and Woolf: Defining, Abjectifying, and Recovering the Self

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Christie Mills Jeansonne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Sylvia Plath ◽  
The Self ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diary Writing

The ordering, de-abjectifying function of language is often harnessed by the diary writer: re-living and re-writing a fictive self through diary writing allows the writer control and understanding of the self which has experienced and then changed in the interval of time between the event, the recording, and the rereading. The diaries of Sylvia Plath and Virginia Woolf lend credence to this possibility of recovering abject identity through language. Their diary accounts of mental illness wield mastery over their experiences and emotional responses by choosing to recount them (or not). My paper seeks to reveal how Plath’s and Woolf’s distancing and retelling does not simply divide their selves (the pre- and post- trauma selves, the physical and textual selves), but allows them a greater range of movement, enabling mediation and reconciliation of many self-identities from the past, present, and future, and granting the authority to narrate their own continuums of becoming. This article was submitted to the EJLW on 13 October 2013 and  published on 13 October 2014.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Semi-Automatic Building and Extending a Multilingual Terminology Thesaurus

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
Aleš Horák ◽  
Vít Baisa ◽  
Adam Rambousek ◽  
Vít Suchomel
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Current Terminology ◽  
New System

This paper describes a new system for semi-automatically building, extending and managing a terminological thesaurus — a multilingual terminology dictionary enriched with relationships between the terms themselves to form a thesaurus. The system allows to radically enhance the workow of current terminology expert groups, where most of the editing decisions still come from introspection. The presented system supplements the lexicographic process with natural language processing techniques, which are seamlessly integrated to the thesaurus editing environment. The system’s methodology and the resulting thesaurus are closely connected to new domain corpora in the six languages involved. They are used for term usage examples as well as for the automatic extraction of new candidate terms. The terminological thesaurus is now accessible via a web-based application, which (a) presents rich detailed information on each term, (b) visualizes term relations, and (c) displays real-life usage examples of the term in the domain-related documents and in the context-based similar terms. Furthermore, the specialized corpora are used to detect candidate translations of terms from the central language (Czech) to the other languages (English, French, German, Russian and Slovak) as well as to detect broader Czech terms, which help to place new terms in the actual thesaurus hierarchy. This project has been realized as a terminological thesaurus of land surveying, but the presented tools and methodology are reusable for other terminology domains.

Ethics, Self-Knowledge, and Words Not at Home

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-147
Author(s):  
Veena Das
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Fieldwork Experience ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
At Home

This chapter takes up a particular problematic in the depiction of the everyday—viz., that its very closeness makes it impossible to see it. The chapter pays particular attention to disorders of kinship, arguing that the fieldwork experience does not consist simply of collecting stories or coherent narratives with a clear plot and a delineation of characters. Rather, words and gestures swell up suddenly, often out of context, and provide a glimpse into the turbulent waters that often flow behind the seemingly peaceful and uneventful everyday. Tracking moments such as death-bed statements or moments in a ritual performance when something discordant happens, the chapter delineates how such moments signal the risks to which our actions and expressions are prone. Instead of privileging the psychological subject, the chapter considers the grammatical person with which to think of the self and its opacity. The chapter argues for the salience of the second person as the addressee of a speech event and the relevance of the other for giving life to words. The signature theme of finding one’s voice in one’s history finds ethnographic and literary affirmation in attentiveness to fleeting moments that, from another perspective, it is argued, might last forever.

scholarly journals Internet Addiction and Loneliness Among Students of University of Shkodra

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (29) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elona Hasmujaj
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

Internet addiction is a kind of consumer behavior that has attracted the attention of many studies. Loneliness is a frequently reported mental illness addicted to the internet. Lonely individuals may be drawn online because of the increased potential for companionship, the changed social interaction patterns online, and as a way to modulate negative moods associated with loneliness. This study examines the relationship between internet addiction and loneliness among albanian students of University of Shkodra and the gender differences to this aspect. The participants to the research were 151 students from 18-23 years old, who live in different places of North Albania. In order to trace the connection between loneliness and Internet addiction among students was used the self-administered questionnaires: Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The research has shown that there is a mild negative correlation between loneliness and Internet addiction, on the other hand no gender differences was found in terms of internet addiction and loneliness level. The results suggest that students addicted to the Internet have significantly lower rates of loneliness.

scholarly journals JALEA: an authentic and personal path to JApaneseLEArning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Mariotti ◽  
Giovanni Lapis ◽  
Alessandro Mantelli
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Multimedia Contents ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The One

This paper aims to present JALEA, an innovative web tool for the acquisition of the Japanese language dedicated to higher education learners. In particular it highlights the innovative learner-centered approach based on the self-guided discovery of grammar structures and words’ meanings through the combined use of realia (multimedia contents referring to real-life situations in Japan), hyperlinks and interactive features such as pop-up dictionary, character-writing explanations, slow-motion option in video examples, etc. Moreover, it illustrates the ICT characteristics of this web tool,permitting on the one handthe smooth working of the application on several platforms (pc, tablet and smartphone); on the other, its sustainability and maintainability thanks to the implementation of a layer accessible to maintainers (backend) with several automatization features that facilitate the addition of more content,s also by personnel with low ICT knowledge or skills.

At the origins of “dachа topos”:marginalia of an unfinished work by Yu.M. Lotman

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Mari Emilio ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Mass Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Volume History

In the autumn of 1991, two years before his death, at the invitation of the Pushkinsky Fond, Lotman began working on a 3-volume history of the Russian nobility through the everyday life of the Durnovo family from St. Petersburg. The second volume was published posthumously in 1996, but all that remains of the third is the introductory fragment entitled «Kamen’ i trava». Despite its brevity and incompleteness, this essay nevertheless deserves attention, because it leads us to reflect on a fundamental rupture in pre-revolutionary cultural history, namely the disintegration of the dual structure of Russian society (aristocracy–peasants) and the rise of a “third” class between them: the urban middle class. Lotman, like Chekhov before him, traces this passage focusing on changes in the noble country estate: its slow degradation and its progressive “democratization” and transformation into dacha. Drawing on heterogeneous sources, from high poetry to mass literature, the scholar offers reflections of astonishing insight and perception that, if reread in the light of the cultural and anthropological debate developed in the 25 years since the author’s death, help to understand the roots of contemporary practices and phenomena such as mass tourism, changes in taste and the affirmation of kitsch, the weakening of cultural and epistemological categories that were once “strong” like the Self and the Other, the Here and the Elsewhere.

What Perec Was Looking For: Notes on Automation, the Everyday and Ethical Writing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The One

This chapter considers Perec’s interest in the infra-ordinary, on the one hand, and questions of the machine and automation, on the other. Investigating different ways in which the micro-scale emerges in Perec’s work raises questions around life in relation to (computational) machines – particularly machines that are getting smaller (at once more discreet, and less discrete) – that are becoming ever more important today. This chapter examines the complex relationship between questions of life (the infra-ordinary life with its embedded habits) and questions concerning classification – here understood as a form of automation, as they are raised (and develop very differently) in Perec’s work on the self, the space, the object, and the language game.

Levinas and Kierkegaard: The Akedah, The Dao, and Aporetic Ethics

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Eric S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Religious Faith ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
Cognitive Knowledge

In this article, Kierkegaard’s depiction of the teleological suspension of the ethical is contrasted with Levinas’s articulation of the emergence of the ethical in the Akedah narrative drawing on Jewish, Christian, and Chinese philosophical and religious perspectives. The narrative of Abraham’s binding of Isaac illustrates both the distance and nearness between Kierkegaard and Levinas. Both realize that the encounter with God is a traumatic one that cannot be defined, categorized, or sublimated through ordinary ethical reflection or the everyday social-moral life of a community. For Kierkegaard, the self is forced back upon itself, exposed to the otherness of its singular unfathomable source; in Levinas a traumatic exposure and delivery over to the Other occurs. It leads to an inescapable ethical responsibility more fundamental than either religious faith or theoretical cognitive knowledge. The rupture and aporia of Abraham’s sacrifice appears to destroy the categories of the ethical. Yet it might suggest something other than the nihilistic or voluntaristic destruction of ethics. It indicates instead a different modality of the ethical; an aporetic and paradoxical ethics that resonates in part with classical Chinese Daoist sources such as the Daodejing and the Zhuangzi.

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