scholarly journals Tracking Prudence: What an Iconographic Trail Reveals about Western Culture and its Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Katheen Warwick-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Depth Psychology ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Cardinal Virtue ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
Psychological Tasks ◽  
Modern Era

In the Middle Ages the cardinal virtue Prudence is revered and her depiction widespread. In the modern era, however, few Westerners esteem Prudence or can recognize her iconography. This article traces the evolution of the archetypal image of Prudence beginning in the fifth century through art and literature. By the modern era the formerly multifaceted Prudence becomes narrowly characterized as cautious or prudish, evidenced in popular culture (e.g., film). Her value might appear negligible. However, archetypal Prudence reemerges in Jung’s paradigm. The lens of depth psychology further reveals the current presence of archetypal Prudence within western culture, especially its prevalent pathological presentation, which may have implications for western culture’s sustainability. Prudence, as a virtue rooted in human neurobiology and the archetypal psyche, seems crucial to navigating the current manifestations of cultural and ecological chaos, perhaps demonstrating one of humanity’s current psychological tasks: to bridge human consciousness with Nature.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mediterranean Culture on Polish Cuisine in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Janusz Smołucha
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Mediterranean Culture ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The article explores the Mediterranean influences on Polish cuisine in the centuries that followed the adoption of Christianity at the end of the 10th cen­tury. This memorable act brought Poland into the circle of Western culture anchored in the Greco-Roman tradition, which also heavily impacted the eve­ryday life of representatives of all strata of Polish society. The author draws attention to the variety of such contact, which includes the journeys of cler­gymen, diplomatic missions, and trips of young people to universities. Trade and economic exchange, as well as the activity of Italian merchants and crafts­men on the Vistula, also had a strong bearing on the refashioning of the culi­nary culture. The breakthrough moment was the arrival in Krakow in 1518 of Bona Sforza—who became the wife of the Polish king Sigismund I—and her many courtiers.

Twenty-Five Centuries of Debate

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This chapter traces the history of decision-making and rationality in Western culture. Despite the fact that the concept of rationality has been tackled by philosophers since early Greek antiquity, it only really emerged in popular culture after the Middle Ages. The science of rationality culminated in the twentieth century with the axiomatization of preferences and theories of decision-making development by economists. Ultimately, psychologists and economists agree that the concept of rationality is relative. To summarize: when a subject decides, they do not usually optimize choice. For behaviourists, explanation is to be found in exploratory behaviour: evolutionary pressure has selected behaviours that anticipate possible changes in environmental conditions. The subject (animal or human) exchanges some immediate efficacy against information which may serve him later. For economists, the answer is more complex. It is a combination of the inability to understand all of the options relating to the problem (bounded rationality) associated with biases that cloud judgement.

scholarly journals Algunes dades sobre la transmissió de les vides de sants entre l’edat mitjana i l’època moderna a la Corona d’Aragó

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Marinela Garcia Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Lives Of Saints ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Legenda Aurea ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
The Way

sum: En l’edat mitjana les vides de sants eren models a seguir, exemples en els sermonaris i en els textos didacticodoctrinals. La popularitat d’aquestes vides es reflecteix en les arts plàstiques i visuals, en la literatura i en la cultura popular. A través de l’exemple de la transmissió escrita de tres vides de sants incloses en la traducció catalana de la Legenda aurea, presentem en aquest treball una aproximació a la manera en què es difonien aquelles vides, que circulaven de manera individual o integrades en compilacions i que podien oferir versions diferents en cada cas. La repercussió d’aquelles vides perviu en l’època moderna, que les recull en forma de composicions en vers, obres de teatre i altres gèneres.Paraules clau: hagiografia, Legenda aurea, traduccions, edat mitjana, època moderna.Abstract: The lives of saints in the Middle Ages were models to follow, examples to be used in sermons and didactic or doctrinal writings. Their popularity is reflected in plastic and visual arts, in literature, and in popular culture. Through the example of the written transmission in Catalan of three lives of saints, included in the Catalan translation of the Legenda aurea, we present in this work an approach to the way in which those lives circulated individually or as part of compilations, each of which could present different versions of the same life. The repercussion of those lives survives into the Modern Age, when they take the form of compositions in verse, of plays, or of works in other literary genres.Keywords: hagiography, Golden Legend, translations, Middle Ages, modern era.

VII.—The Argument of the Vision of Piers Plowman

PMLA ◽  
1894 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-450
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Deering Hanscom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Piers Plowman ◽  
Storm And Stress ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The fourteenth century was for England a period of storm and stress. The Saxon genius does not achieve its conquests lightly; it does not march to victory with furled flags or muffled drums; it is profoundly conscious of its own effort and the object to be realized. True, it often attains more than it hopes or even knows; but it attains the larger result through the accomplishment of the immediate purpose. The internal struggles are those that cost, with nations as with men; and it is no small part of the greatness of England that she has been able to see and strong to resist those dangers which, rising from within, have threatened to overthrow that stability which outward foes have in vain assailed. In that century which marked the close of the middle ages and the beginning of the modern era, England was busy taking cities and ruling her own spirit, and only the wise knew which was the better.

scholarly journals The Idea of Determinacy of the Supreme Government by Electoral Technologies in the European Medieval State Legal Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kovalev ◽  
◽  
Konstantin E. Krylov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The main theme of the article is investigation of the electoral culture in the European political and legal thought. Authors argue the ancient sources of this tradition tracing it from the three sources — Roman, German and Christian political thoughts. During the Middle Ages European legal concepts of the supreme power’s nature oscillated between hereditary and election as a foundation of the supreme power. Only on the edge of the Middle Ages and the Modern Era monarchy became strait hereditary. The idea of election did not disappear, remains the core ingridient of the image of power’s legitimacy.

scholarly journals Memeification of Black Women’s Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Stravens
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The People ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
History Of

This piece discusses the online and offline discourses on the lives and bodies of Black femme and nonbinary individuals and the harm that is so casually inflicted upon us. Through popular stories of harm performed around famous Black women, such as with rapper Megan Thee Stallion, I connect the history of Black women in popular culture to current online spaces that continue to minimize and trivialize our trauma. I seek to highlight that these stories are not an anomaly, but rather sentiments rooted in the misogynoir that is so entrenched in western culture and have been expanded and weaponized within the online sphere. In addition, the piece challenges the universality of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in its implementation, criticizing its propensity to forget its feminine victims. It is important to emphasize where it has failed and where it needs to be intentional about the people it has overlooked, as this is a movement that began online, where this harm is currently taking place, and at the hands and energies of Black femmes, the very people getting hurt. This piece has manifested from many conversations already occurring in online Black feminist spaces about our treatment and our needs. It invites others into the fold and seeks to encourage individuals to critically reflect on how Black femme and non-binary individuals are presented on their timeline in-between the numerous BLM posts that claim to protect them.

Friedrich Schleiermacher and the Reformed Tradition in the Modern Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 441-456
Author(s):  
Randall C. Zachman
Keyword(s):  
Christian Faith ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Friedrich Schleiermacher ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Modern Era

Friedrich Schleiermacher reformulated the doctrines he inherited from the Reformed and Lutheran dogmatic traditions, in order to demonstrate that the certainty of faith in God, as well as faith in the redeeming power of Christ, could be maintained in an age of scientific and historical criticism of the Christian faith. He located faith in God in the immediate consciousness of being absolutely dependent, which he claimed emerged in the development of every human consciousness. And he located faith in Christ in the way the influence of the sinless perfection of Christ, mediated through the testimony of the Christian community and supported by the picture of Christ, strengthened the consciousness of God so that the inhibition of the God-consciousness by sin could be overcome. His hope was that such a reformulation of doctrine would not only clarify the meaning of faith in the modern world, but would also reunify the Christian traditions that had been divided since the Reformation.

СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ ПРОТИВ ЯЗЫЧЕСТВА КАК ИСТОЧНИК ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ИГРОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Ирина Семеновна Слепцова
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Gaming Culture ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена рассмотрению произведений литературы Древней и Средневековой Руси и раннего Нового времени, направленных против языческих верований и практик, как источника для описания игровой культуры. Привлекаются главным образом нормативные, канонические и дидактические сочинения, а также исповедные тексты, в которых содержатся сведения о развлечениях и играх. Основное внимание уделено играм в узком смысле слова (играм с правилами), как наименее изученному феномену культуры данного исторического периода. Это расширяет представления об игровом репертуаре, месте и статусе игры в празднично-обрядовой и повседневной жизни, а также дает возможность проследить процесс десакрализации игры, ее переход в сферу «мирского». Выявленные в письменных памятниках сведения об игровой культуре Средневековья и раннего Нового времени раскрывают их включенность в языческую обрядность и демонстрируют связь с магическими практиками, что было основанием для их преследования и запрещения. Это обстоятельство определяет ограниченность использования данных источников для реконструкции игрового репертуара. В список игр попадают только те, которые расценивались церковью как языческие или нарушавшие социальный порядок и нравственные правила. Упомянутые в древнерусских и средневековых источниках формы народного веселья обнаруживают истоки ряда народных игр, бытовавших в XIX–ХХ вв., и объясняют их включенность в календарную обрядность. The article is devoted to the consideration of the works of literature of Ancient and Medieval Russia and the early modern era, directed against pagan beliefs and practices, as a source for describing the game culture. Mainly normative, canonical and didactic compositions are used, as well as confessional texts, which contain information about entertainment and games. The main attention is paid to games in the narrow sense of the word (games with rules), as the least studied cultural phenomenon of this historical period. This expands the understanding of the game repertoire, the place and status of the game in festive and ceremonial and everyday life, and also makes it possible to trace the process of desacralization of the game, its transition into the sphere of the «worldly». The information about the gaming culture of the Middle Ages and the early modern times revealed in written monuments reveals their involvement in pagan rituals and demonstrates a connection with magical practices, which was the basis for their persecution and prohibition. This circumstance determines the limited use of these sources for the reconstruction of the playing repertoire. The list of games includes only those that were regarded by the church as pagan or violating social order and moral rules. The forms of folk fun mentioned in ancient Russian and medieval sources reveal the origins of a number of folk games that existed in the 19th – 20th centuries and explain their inclusion in calendar rituals.

Garlic Burns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
BEN-ZION GARTY
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Babylonian Talmud ◽  
The Middle Ages

Five things have been said about garlic: it assauges hunger, warms the body, brings joy, increases virility and destroys intestinal lice. There are those who say that it engenders love and dispels envy. —Babylonian Talmud: Baba Kama (first gate) page 82 Garlic (Liliaceae Allium sativum) has been used for centuries by many cultures as a remedy for a variety of illnesses. Herodotus spoke about the medical use of garlic in Egypt, 3000 years BC. Hippocrates, in the fifth century BC, used garlic to treat a variety of infections, including leprosy, intestinal disorders, and chest pain. In the Middle Ages garlic was used for protection against the plague.

Visuality, Violence and the Return of the Middle Ages: Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds as an Adaptation of the Nibelungen Story

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Bildhauer
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
National Origin ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Origin Myth ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter argues for the first time that Quentin Tarantino based his film Inglourious Basterds in part on the medieval tale of the Nibelungs, as mediated chiefly through Fritz Lang’s Nibelungen. Inglourious Basterds can therefore be fruitfully read as an instance of medievalism, perpetuating as well as re-evaluating the widespread association of the Middle Ages with violence. An awareness of this intertext allows a nuanced interpretation of Inglourious Basterds’ stance on the power as well as manipulability of visual signs, always seen in the context of their materiality. Tarantino’s adaptation also allows fresh perspectives on the medieval Song of the Nibelungs, especially on its depiction of violent revenge. These in turn throw into relief Tarantino’s interpellation of the viewer through violence and other techniques to prevent the passive spectator position that popular culture is often accused of demanding. The film succeeds in subtly altering the conventions of cinematic representations of premodernity, and in re-appropriating a tainted national origin myth for an international audience.

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