scholarly journals "Freshest advices"?: the currency of London news in Dublin City newspapers, 1790 - 1801

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (108) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Sarah Catherine McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
Foreign Intelligence

This paper summarises a MLIS dissertation which studied the currency of news, sourced from London newspapers and re-printed in Dublin City newspapers, during the final decade of the eighteenth century. London was a vital communications network hub for the dissemination of information, consisting of British and Foreign Intelligence, to Irish port cities such as Dublin. Using the resources of recently digitised London and Dublin newspaper series, it was possible to build a model which accurately represents the transmission time for London 'News' into Dublin editorial offices. The model provides a frequency distribution from which the minimum, maximum and average transmission times are established. It is argued that the same method can reliably be applied to determine the transmission time for news from the main European cities to London and Dublin.

Evolución urbanística de una ciudad portuaria burguesa (Santander, 1750-1941) / Urban development of a bourgeois port city (Santander, 1750-1941)

Ería ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-328
Author(s):  
Carmen Delgado Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
General Process ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Urban Transition

Santander comenzó precozmente el proceso de transición urbana. Desde mediados del siglo XVIII, sucesivos proyectos de remodelación de las instalaciones portuarias supusieron la ampliación del suelo urbano a través del relleno de espacios costeros ganados al mar. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación confirman que la dinámica de la transición urbana y urbanística forma parte de un proceso general de las ciudades europeas, en particular de las portuarias, con muchos denominadores comunes, aunque con diferentes tiempos y ritmos. Los nuevos medios de desplazamiento y transporte contribuyeron en gran medida a consolidar dichos procesos. Partiendo de estas premisas, aceptadas de forma casi unánime, se puede colegir, a partir del análisis del caso de Santander, que los agentes socioeconómicos fueron determinantes en la dinámica urbana y urbanística, el aumento del volumen poblacional y en la ampliación y reorganización de la superficie del espacio urbano.Santander a commencé tôt le processus de transition urbaine. Depuis le milieu du XVIIIe siècle, les projets successifs de réaménagement des installations portuaires se sont traduits par une expansion des terres urbaines par le remplissage d’espaces côtiers acquis sur la mer. Cette recherche confirme que la dynamique de la transition urbaine et de l’aménagement s’inscrit dans un processus général des villes européennes, en particulier des villes portuaires, avec de nombreux dénominateurs communs, bien que leurs temps et leurs rythmes soient différents. Les nouveaux moyens de transport ont contribué à consolider ces processus. L’analyse du cas de Santander permet de comprendre que les agents socio-économiques ont déterminé la dynamique urbaine et de l’aménagement, la croissance démographique ainsi que l’expansion et la réorganisation de l’espace urbain.Santander began the urban transition process early. Since the mid-eighteenth century, successive port remodeling projects have led to the expansion of urban land through the filling of coastal spaces gained from the sea. This research confirms that the dynamics of the urban transition are part of a general process of European cities, in particular of the port cities, with many common denominators, although with different times and rhythms. The new means of transport contributed to consolidate these processes. It can be gathered, from the analysis of the case of Santander, that socioeconomic agents determined urban dynamics, population growth as well as the expansion and reorganization of urban space.

Some Reflections on the Town and Country in Mughal India

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Town ◽  
French Physician ◽  
Local Languages

There can be few aspects of Indian studies more neglected than that of historical geography. Within this larger area of neglect, urban history occupies a special place. The indifference with which Indian historians have approached the urban heritage of the subcontinent is all the more difficult to understand because to contemporary European visitors, the merchants and other travellers, the towns and cities of Mughal India held a profound fascination. From the time of Tomé Pires and his highly perceptive Suma Oriental down to the end of the eighteenth century, stories of Indian travels and the accompanying descriptions of Mughal urban life continually entertained the popular literary audience. Not all of them understood or reported accurately what they saw. As the Scottish sea captain and country trader, Alexander Hamilton, who had an unrivalled knowledge of the sea ports and the coastal towns of India, pointed out with some candour, one great misfortune which attended the western travellers in India was their ignorance of the local languages. But the manifest contrast between the physical appearance of the European cities and those of Asia provoked some considerable and sensitive analysis of the nature of the urban processes in the two continents. Perhaps the most able and penetrating comments on the Mughal political, economic, and civic order came from the pen of the Dutch merchant, Francisco Pelsaert, and the French physician, François Bernier.

Resisting Independence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
British Atlantic ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Close Study ◽  
New Nation

This book maps the loyal British Atlantic's reaction to the American Revolution. Through close study of four important British Atlantic port cities — New York City; Kingston, Jamaica; Halifax, Nova Scotia; and Glasgow, Scotland — the book argues that the revolution helped trigger a new understanding of loyalty to the Crown and empire. The book reimagines loyalism as a shared transatlantic ideology, no less committed to ideas of liberty and freedom than the American cause and not limited to the inhabitants of the thirteen American colonies. The book reminds readers that the American Revolution was as much a story of loyalty as it was of rebellion. Loyal Britons faced a daunting task — to refute an American Patriot cause that sought to dismantle their nation's claim to a free and prosperous Protestant empire. For the inhabitants of these four cities, rejecting American independence thus required a rethinking of the beliefs and ideals that framed their loyalty to the Crown and previously drew together Britain's vast Atlantic empire. The book describes the formation and spread of this new transatlantic ideology of loyalism. Loyal subjects in North America and across the Atlantic viewed the American Revolution as a dangerous and violent social rebellion and emerged from twenty years of conflict more devoted to a balanced, representative British monarchy and, crucially, more determined to defend their rights as British subjects. In the closing years of the eighteenth century, as their former countrymen struggled to build a new nation, these loyal Britons remained convinced of the strength and resilience of their nation and empire and their place within it.

scholarly journals Böckernas vägar: den svenska bokhandelns import av utländska böcker 1750–1800

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Rimm
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Original Language ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Risky Business

<p>This study focuses on the import of books to Sweden between 1750 and 1800. The Swedish book trade in the eighteenth century involved mainly foreign books. The publication of books in Swedish was still limited - despite increasing steadily during the century - and was in no way able to satisfy the needs of Swedish scholars for learned and diverting works in their original language. The import of foreign books to Sweden seems to have been undertaken in various ways: with the help of individuals who brought books home with them from abroad, through the universities' exchange of scholarly works with institutions overseas, and by means of the organized book trade. Several Swedish book sellers imported books from abroad during the latter part of the eighteenth century. In fact, Sweden had a substantial number of book shops compared with other European cities. In the 1781 European bookseller's directory, the Almanach de la librairie, Stockholm shared fifth place (with The Hague) in a ranking of European cities with the largest number of book shops, placing higher than cities such as Berlin, Amsterdam, Madrid, and Rome. Importing books to Sweden was, however, a financially risky business and some of the importers went bankrupt because of it. The conditions of the trade also underwent marked developments during the period studied: originally, for example, imports largely took the form of exchanges. In conclusion, the article shows that more basic research and comprehensive empirical studies need to be undertaken to provide a fair picture of this hitherto largely unresearched trade.</p>

The Port Cities of the French Atlantic

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Alan Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Merchant Community

This chapter discusses the fortunes of the principal ports of the French Atlantic in the eighteenth century, among them Bordeaux, La Rochelle, Nantes, Marseille, and Le Havre, but also smaller ports like Lorient, Saint-Malo, and Bayonne, which all at various moments enjoyed years of unprecedented prosperity. It shows how not all of them invested in the same forms of commerce or enjoyed the same peak years of prosperity. Some concentrated on direct commerce with the Caribbean islands, others on fishing off Newfoundland, but increasingly merchants were tempted by the rich profits to be made from slaving. The chapter looks at the investments made by the merchant community in the fabric of their cities, discusses their architecture and elegant town planning, and notes the impressions they made on foreign visitors who saw them in a comparative perspective.

Six Centuries of Real Wages in France from Louis IX to Napoleon III: 1250–1860

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ridolfi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
The Comparative Study

Evidence of an early modern “Little divergence” in real wages between northwestern Europe and the rest of the continent is mostly based on the comparative study of a sample of leading European cities. Focusing on France and England this study reassesses the debate from a country-level perspective. The findings challenge the notion of an early modern divergence pointing to the coexistence of both divergence and convergence phases until the eighteenth century. Results also suggest that the real wages of a significant share of the French male labor force were broadly on par with the levels prevailing in England before c.1750.

scholarly journals Istanbul Judeo-Spanish

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Hualde ◽  
Mahir Şaul
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Western European ◽  
Spanish Speaking Population

The Judeo-Spanish speaking population of Istanbul is the result of migrations that were due to the edict of expulsion of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. The Ottoman ruler Bayezid II provided a haven to the exiles in his realm, and many came as immigrants to the capital Istanbul and other major port cities in that year. A continuous trickle of immigration of Jews originating in Spain continued after that date, as some of those who had gone to exile in other Mediterranean and Western European countries eventually also decided to resettle in Ottoman cities. Some Spanish-speaking families continued to migrate from the cities of the Italian peninsula to Istanbul and other centers of the Ottoman empire up until the eighteenth century. Another stream included Hispano-Portuguese families, Jews who had resettled in Portugal after the expulsion but were forced to undergo conversion there in 1497, and after a period of clandestine Jewish existence started emigrating to other countries in the sixteenth century. First Bayonne in France, then Amsterdam and other Hanseatic cities became important centers for Hispano-Portuguese families that returned to Judaism, and these maintained relations with, and occasionally sent immigrants to, the Jewish communities of the Ottoman cities.

MORTALITY OF ABANDONED INFANTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE APPEARANCE OF FOUNDLING HOMES IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. A66-A66
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Abandonment ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

Children were abandoned throughout Europe from Hellenistic antiquity to the End of the Middle Ages in great numbers, by parents of every social standing, and in a great variety of circumstances...Most abandoned children were rescued and brought up either as adopted members of another household or as laborers of some sort. Whether they were exposed anonymously (in which the aim was usually to attract attention), sold, donated, substituted, or "fostered," abandoned infants probably died at a rate only slightly higher than the infant mortality rate at the time...The great disjunction in [the history of abandonment] was occasioned by the rise of the foundling homes sometime in the early thirteenth century. Within a century or two nearly all major European cities had such hospices, which neatly gathered all of the troubling and messy aspects of child abandonment away from view, off the streets, under institutional supervision. Behind their walls, paid officials dealt with society's loose ends, and neither the parents who abandoned them nor their fellow citizens had to devote any further thought or care to the children. Even the foundling homes did not have to care for them for long. A majority of the children died within a few years of admission in most areas of Europe from the time of the emergence of foundling homes until the eighteenth century; in some times and places the mortality rate exceeded ninety percent.

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