scholarly journals Controlling Angular Distortion in Manual Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Back-step Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Abdul Sameea Jasim Abdul Zehra Jilabi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Angular Distortion ◽  
Mma Welding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range

Nowadays, austenitic stainless steels (A.S.S.) have many industrial applications in the fields of chemical and petrochemical processing, marine, medicine, water treatment, petroleum refining, food and drinks processing, nuclear power generation etc. The secret behind this wide range of applications is the fact that A.S.S. have great corrosion resistance, high strength and scale resistance at elevated temperatures, good ductility at low temperatures approached to absolute zero in addition to notable weldability. On the other hand, manual metal arc (MMA) is probably the most common process used for the welding of A.S.S. Unfortunately, MMA welding of A.S.S. could be associated with considerable distortion. Uncontrolled or excessive distortion usually increases the cost of the production process due to the high expense of rectification or replacing the weldment by a non-distorted one. MMA welding of A.S.S. was carried out using the back-step technique with various bead lengths, and without using this technique for comparison. Results have showed that the angular distortion was a function of the bead length in the back-step welding of A.S.S. The angular distortion decreased by (14.32%) when the back-step technique was used with a (60 mm) length for each bead, and by (41.08%) when the bead length was (40 mm). On the other hand, it increased by (25%) when the back-step technique was done with a (30 mm) length for each bead.

Applicability of Friction Stir Welding to steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (80) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Çam ◽  
G. İpekoğlu ◽  
T. Küçükömeroğlu ◽  
S.M. Aktarer
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Fusion Weld ◽  
Welding Processes

significant developments in joining technology to emerge in the last 30 years. The technique has originally been developed for joining difficult-to-fusion-weld Al-alloys, particularly for high strength grades and now widely used in various industrial applications, such as transport industries. On the other hand, the application of FSW to high temperature materials such as steels is hindered due to the problems associated with the stirring tools although there is a wide interest for the application of this technique to these materials. Design/methodology/approach: The aim of this review is to address the current state-of-the-art of FSW of steels, focusing particularly on microstructural aspects and the resulting properties of these joints and discuss the future prospects of this technique for steels. For instance, the use of FSW can be advantageous for joining steels in some special applications where conventional fusion welding processes fail to produce sound cost effective joints, and the high tooling costs of FSW can be justified (i.e. underwater joining of steel pipes or hot plate welding in steel mills). In this study, only structural steels (mainly plain C steels), ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels and duplex stainless steels will be considered and the other types of steels are out of the scope of this work although some examples are included in the discussion. Research limitations/implications: The tools experience high temperatures in FSW of steels, i.e., above 1000°C. The number of tool materials which can withstand such temperatures is very limited. In addition, the welding of many common steels can be readily conducted by various conventional fusion welding methods. These joining methods are very flexible, easy-to-perform and well established in industrial applications, which further prevents the application of FSW to these materials. These limitations are to be overcome for commercial exploitation of this technique for joining steels.

Fatigue Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels with Different Nitrogen

2004 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobusuke Hattori ◽  
S. Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Stress Amplitude ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Transformation Ratio ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Knee Point

The fatigue properties of austenitic stainless steels become inevitably important when using in structural materials. The authors have performed fatigue tests to investigate the effect of nitrogen content on fatigue properties of typical austenitic stainless steels (SUS304) and two kinds of nitrogen-contained SUS304 (SUS304N and YUS170). The main results obtained in this study are as follows; (1) The knee point in S-N curves exists for SUS304 and SUS304N, but does not exist for YUS170. (2) The fatigue limit of SUS304N is higher than that of SUS304. On the other hand, the fatigue strength by 107 cycles of YUS170 is lower than those of SUS304 and SUS304N. (3) For SUS304, the transformation ratio increases with increase in stress amplitude. On the other hand, the transformation ratio of SUS304N is very small and that of YUS170 remains essentially zero.

Reactions of polar dienes with o-quinones

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Paquet ◽  
Paul Brassard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ketene Acetal

The behaviour of various types of polar dienes towards halogenated ortho quinones has been investigated in a number of representative cases. As compared to the commonly used para analogues, o-quinones provide a wide range of products that indicate a keener response to the nature, number, and position of substituents on both reactants. 3-Halogenated-o-naphthoquinones 1 and 2 react smoothly with a representative vinologous ketene acetal 3, vinylketene acetals 4 and 5, and a monooxygenated diene 6 to provide variously substituted phenanthrenequinones 7–11. Only monooxygenated dienes on the other hand add to o-benzoquinones 14–16 and give convenient syntheses of the corresponding o-naphthoquinones 18–20. Keywords: cycloaddition, o-naphthoquinones, phenanthrenequinones, regiospecificity.

The Council of Trent Revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Monson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Official Status

Abstract Reexamination of a wide range of documents surrounding the twenty-second, twenty-fourth, and twenty-fifth sessions of the Council of Trent reveals that delegates strived officially to say as little as possible about music: only that secular or impure elements should be eliminated and that specific issues should be settled locally, by individual bishops and provincial synods. But, beginning with Gustave Reese, several scholars have misleadingly strung together a preliminary canon, stressing textual intelligibility, which was never approved in the general congregations, and the few lines that actually supplanted it, concerned only with the elimination of lasciviousness. On the other hand, a largely unrecognized or misunderstood attack on church polyphony did occur at the less familiar twenty-fifth session, when Gabriele Paleotti may have attempted to suppress elaborate music in female monasteries. Although this attempt was rejected in the general congregations, its restrictions were subsequently revived by local authorities such as Paleotti and Carlo Borromeo in their own dioceses. In the Council's immediate aftermath, reformers such as Paleotti and Borromeo once again focused on the issue of intelligibility, affording it a quasi-official status that seems to have quickly become widely accepted as “iuxta formam concilii.”

Diversification of α–Ketoamides via Transamidation Reactions with Alkyl and Benzyl Amines at Room Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Sureshbabu Popuri ◽  
Qazi Mohammad Junaid ◽  
Sabiah Shahul Hameed ◽  
Jeyakumar Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkyl Amines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of N-tosyl α–ketoamides underwent transamidation with various alkyl amines in the absence of catalyst, base, or additives. On the other hand, transamidation in N-Boc α–ketoamides is achieved...

Development of a Fatigue Design Curve for Austenitic Stainless Steels in LWR Environments: A Review

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omesh K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Light Water Reactor ◽  
Code Design ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Asme Code

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of nuclear power plant components and specifies fatigue design curves for structural materials. However, the effects of light water reactor (LWR) coolant environments are not explicitly addressed by the Code design curves. Existing fatigue strain–vs.–life (ε–N) data illustrate potentially significant effects of LWR coolant environments on the fatigue resistance of pressure vessel and piping steels. This paper reviews the existing fatigue ε–N data for austenitic stainless steels in LWR coolant environments. The effects of key material, loading, and environmental parameters, such as steel type, strain amplitude, strain rate, temperature, dissolved oxygen level in water, and flow rate, on the fatigue lives of these steels are summarized. Statistical models are presented for estimating the fatigue ε–N curves for austenitic stainless steels as a function of the material, loading, and environmental parameters. Two methods for incorporating environmental effects into the ASME Code fatigue evaluations are presented. Data available in the literature have been reviewed to evaluate the conservatism in the existing ASME Code fatigue design curves.

scholarly journals Złożenie skargi przez konsumenta za pośrednictwem ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – internetowego systemu rozstrzygania sporów

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Anna Rogacka-Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), as a non-judicial resolution of disputes, is a wide range of mechanisms that aim to put an end to a conflict without the need of conducting a trial before the court. On the other hand, the modern form of ADR is ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – an online dispute resolution system that is the expression of the newest means of communication and technical innovations in order to help in non-judicial dispute resolving. The goal of this publication is to present the ODR platform and, in particular, to describe the process of filing a complaint by the consumer by means of it.

Developing New Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels With Improved High-Temperature Creep Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
John P. Shingledecker ◽  
Neal D. Evans ◽  
Michael J. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Wide Range

Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Caterpillar (CAT) have recently developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, for a wide range of high-temperature applications, including diesel exhaust components and turbine casings. The creep-rupture life of the new CF8C-Plus is over ten times greater than that of the standard cast CF8C stainless steel, and the creep-rupture strength is about 50–70% greater. Another variant, CF8C-Plus Cu/W, has been developed with even more creep strength at 750–850°C. The creep strength of these new cast austenitic stainless steels is close to that of wrought Ni-based superalloys such as 617. CF8C-Plus steel was developed in about 1.5 years using an “engineered microstructure” alloy development approach, which produces creep resistance based on the formation of stable nanocarbides (NbC), and resistance to the formation of deleterious intermetallics (sigma, Laves) during aging or service. The first commercial trial heats (227.5 kg or 500 lb) of CF8C-Plus steel were produced in 2002, and to date, over 27,215 kg (300 tons) have been produced, including various commercial component trials, but mainly for the commercial production of the Caterpillar regeneration system (CRS). The CRS application is a burner housing for the on-highway heavy-duty diesel engines that begins the process to burn-off particulates trapped in the ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF). The CRS/DPF technology was required to meet the new more stringent emissions regulations in January, 2007, and subjects the CRS to frequent and severe thermal cycling. To date, all CF8C-Plus steel CRS units have performed successfully. The status of testing for other commercial applications of CF8C-Plus steel is also summarized.

Derivation of Design Fatigue Curves for Austenitic Stainless Steel Grades 1.4541 and 1.4550 Within the German Nuclear Safety Standard KTA 3201.2

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xaver Schuler ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herter ◽  
Jürgen Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Best Fit

Titanium and niobium stabilized austenitic stainless steels X6CrNiTi18-10S (material number 1.4541, correspondent to Alloy 321) respectively X6CrNiNb18-10S (material number 1.4550, correspondent to Alloy 347) are widely applied materials in German nuclear power plant components. Related requirements are defined in Nuclear Safety Standard KTA 3201.1. Fatigue design analysis is based on Nuclear Safety Standard KTA 3201.2. The fatigue design curve for austenitic stainless steels in the current valid edition of KTA 3201.2 is essentially identical with the design curve included in ASME-BPVC III, App I (ed. 2007, add. July 2008 respectively back editions). In the current code revision activities of KTA 3201.2 the compatibility of latest in air fatigue data for austenitic stainless steels with the above mentioned grades were examined in detail. The examinations were based on statistical evaluations of 149 strain controlled test data at room temperature and 129 data at elevated temperatures to derive best-fit mean data curves. Results of two additional load controlled test series (at room temperature and 288°C) in the high cycle regime were used to determine a technical endurance limit at 107 cycles. The related strain amplitudes were determined by consideration of the cyclic stress strain curve. The available fatigue data for the two austenitic materials at room temperature and elevated temperatures showed a clear temperature dependence in the high cycle regime demanding for two different best-fit curves. The correlation of the technical endurance limit(s) at room temperature and elevated temperatures with the ultimate strength of the materials is discussed. Design fatigue curves were derived by application of the well known factors to the best-fit curves. A factor of SN = 12 was applied to load cycles correspondent to the NUREG/CR-6909 approach covering influences of data scatter, surface roughness, size and sequence. In terms of strain respectively stress amplitudes in the high cycle regime, for elevated temperatures (>80°C) a factor of Sσ = 1.79 was applied considering and combining in detail the partial influences of data scatter surface roughness, size and mean stress. For room temperature a factor of Sσ = 1.88 shall be applied. As a result, new design fatigue curves for austenitic stainless steel grades 1.4541 and 1.4550 will be available within the German Nuclear Safety Standard KTA 3201.2. The fatigue design rules for all other austenitic stainless steel grades will be based on the new ASME-BPVC III, App I (ed. 2010) design curve.

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