The Impact of Resistance Exercise on Neurotransmission Failure within Trained Participants

It is thought that resistance exercise results in an increased need for dietary protein; however, data also exists to support the opposite conclusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of resistance exercise training on protein metabolism in novices with the hypothesis that resistance training would reduce protein turnover and improve whole-body protein retention. Healthy males (n = 8, 22 ± 1 y, BMI = 25.3 ± 1.8 kg·m–2) participated in a progressive whole-body split routine resistance-training program 5d/week for 12 weeks. Before (PRE) and after (POST) the training, oral [15N]-glycine ingestion was used to assess nitrogen flux (Q), protein synthesis (PS), protein breakdown (PB), and net protein balance (NPB = PS – PB). Macronutrient intake was controlled over a 5d period PRE and POST, while estimates of protein turnover and urinary nitrogen balance (Nbal = Nin – urine Nout) were conducted. Bench press and leg press increased 40% and 50%, respectively (p < 0.01). Fat- and bone-free mass (i.e., lean muscle mass) increased from PRE to POST (2.5 ± 0.8 kg, p < 0.05). Significant PRE to POST decreases (p <0.05) occurred in Q (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 g N·kg–1·d–1), PS (4.6 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3 g·kg–1·d–1), and PB (4.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 g·kg–1·d–1). Significant training-induced increases in both NPB (PRE = 0.22 ± 0.13 g·kg–1·d–1; POST = 0.54 ± 0.08 g·kg–1·d–1) and urinary nitrogen balance (PRE = 2.8 ± 1.7 g N·d–1; POST = 6.5 ± 0.9 g N·d–1) were observed. A program of resistance training that induced significant muscle hypertrophy resulted in reductions of both whole-body PS and PB, but an improved NPB, which favoured the accretion of skeletal muscle protein. Urinary nitrogen balance increased after training. The reduction in PS and PB and a higher NPB in combination with an increased nitrogen balance after training suggest that dietary requirements for protein in novice resistance-trained athletes are not higher, but lower, after resistance training.

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The Impact of Virtual Physical Activity Interventions on Depression and Anxiety among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31839 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andy Murray ◽

Michele Marenus ◽

Ana Cahuas ◽

Kathryn Friedman ◽

Haley Ottensoser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are growing issues for college students, with both aerobic-resistance training and mindfulness-yoga exercises known to be effective in reducing symptoms and severity. However, no known research is available comparing these two depression and anxiety interventions simultaneously and in a virtual environment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of a virtual aerobic-resistance exercise intervention (WeActive) and a virtual yoga-mindfulness mindfulness exercise intervention (WeMindful) on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students METHODS The participants were 78 college students who anonymously completed a Qualtrics survey including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) at baseline and the post-test. Participants were randomly assigned to either the WeActive or WeMindful group and underwent two 30-minute virtual aerobic-resistance exercise lessons or yoga-mindfulness lessons per week for eight weeks. RESULTS The results of ANCOVA with repeated measures indicated that, while not statistically significant, both groups showed a notable decrease in anxiety with a marginal significant main effect of time (F = 3.485, p = 0.066, η2 = 0.047) but no significant main effect of group and no significant interaction effect of time with group. The two intervention groups experienced a significant decrease in depression with the main effect of time (F = 3.892, p = 0.052, η2 = 0.052). There was no significant main effect of group or interaction effect of time with group for depression. CONCLUSIONS College students in both WeActive and WeMindful groups experienced a significant decrease in depression symptoms and a decrease, though not significant, in anxiety as well. The study suggests that virtual WeActive and WeMindful interventions are effective approaches to managing US college student depression and anxiety during a pandemic.

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The Impact of Acetaminophen Consumption on mTOR Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle Following Resistance Exercise

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000519143.76300.71 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 801

Author(s):

Andrew C. D’Lugos ◽

Shivam H. Patel ◽

Jordan C. Ormsby ◽

Tara N. Mahmood ◽

Don P. Curtis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mtor Signaling ◽

The Impact

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The impact of preconditioning exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-0559 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jason S. Au ◽

Kayleigh M Beaudry ◽

Kristian Pancevski ◽

Richard L. Hughson ◽

Michaela C. Devries

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Prior Exercise ◽

Continuous Cycling ◽

Glucose Challenge ◽

The Impact

Exercise elicits direct benefits to insulin sensitivity but may also indirectly improve glucose uptake by hemodynamic conditioning of the vasculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the modifying effect of three different types of exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge. Twenty healthy adults (9 women, 11 men; 23±3 years old) completed a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at rest, as well as 1.5 hours after moderate continuous cycling exercise (30 min; 65% V̇O2peak), high intensity interval cycling exercise (10x1 min at 90% heart rate peak), and lower-load higher-repetition resistance exercise (25-35 repetitions/set, 3 sets). Brachial and superficial femoral artery blood flow, conductance, and oscillatory shear index were measured throughout the OGTT. Regardless of rested state or exercise preconditioning, the OGTT induced reductions in brachial artery blood flow and conductance (p<0.001), and transient increases in brachial and superficial femoral artery oscillatory shear index and retrograde blood flow (p<0.01). Continuous cycling and resistance exercise were followed with a small degree of protection against prolonged periods of oscillatory flow. Our findings imply transient peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased limb blood flow during a standard OGTT, for which prior exercise was unable to prevent in healthy adults. NOVELTY BULLETS • We investigated the impact of continuous, interval, and resistance exercise on the hemodynamic response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). • Our findings suggest decreased upper-limb blood flow during an OGTT is not prevented by prior exercise in healthy adults.

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ONE ON ONE: The Impact of the Valsalva Maneuver During Resistance Exercise

Strength and Conditioning Journal ◽

10.1519/1533-4295(1999)021<0054:tiotvm>2.0.co;2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

John D. Childs

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Valsalva Maneuver ◽

The Impact

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The Impact of Velocity of Movement on Performance Factors in Resistance Exercise

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/r-155552.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 760 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Disa L. Hatfield ◽

William J. Kraemer ◽

Barry A. Spiering ◽

Keijo Häkkinen ◽

Jeff S. Volek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Performance Factors ◽

The Impact

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The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-016-0124-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Stuart M. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

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Impact of acetaminophen consumption and resistance exercise on extracellular matrix gene expression in human skeletal muscle

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00019.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (1) ◽

pp. R44-R50 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shivam H. Patel ◽

Andrew C. D’Lugos ◽

Erica R. Eldon ◽

Donald Curtis ◽

Jared M. Dickinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Type I ◽

Matrix Gene ◽

The Impact

Acetaminophen (APAP) given during chronic exercise reduces skeletal muscle collagen and cross-linking in rats. We propose that the effect of APAP on muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) may, in part, be mediated by dysregulation of the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of APAP consumption during acute resistance exercise (RE) on several regulators of the ECM in human skeletal muscle. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, recreationally active men ( n = 8, 25 ± 2 yr) performed two trials of knee extension. Placebo (PLA) or APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) was given for 24 h before and immediately following RE. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline and 1 and 3 h post-RE. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine differences in mRNA expression. MMP-2, type I collagen, and type III collagen mRNA expression was not altered by exercise or APAP ( P > 0.05). When compared with PLA, TIMP-1 expression was lower at 1 h post-RE during APAP conditions but greater than PLA at 3 h post-RE ( P < 0.05). MMP-9 expression and protein levels were elevated at 3 h post-RE independent of treatment ( P < 0.05). Lysyl oxidase expression was greater at 3 h post-RE during APAP consumption ( P < 0.05) compared with PLA. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein was not altered by RE or APAP ( P > 0.05). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK increased ( P < 0.05) with RE but was not influenced by APAP. Our findings do not support our hypothesis and suggest that short-term APAP consumption before RE has a small impact on the measured ECM molecules in human skeletal muscle following acute RE.

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