scholarly journals Association of Substance Abuse, Violence, HIV/AIDS (SAVA) Syndrome with STI and HIV-Infection Among Injecting Drug Users in Six Cities of Russian Federation

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
A. N. Barinova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Lebedeva ◽  
N. N. Ladnaya ◽  
B. M. Tayts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Syringe Sharing ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
The Usa

Introduction. Described at the beginning of HIV epidemics in the USA syndrome (or syndemia) of substance abuse, violence and AIDS (SAVA) still continue to be an important risk factor for HIV-infection acquisition. The goal of this study was to analyze association between SAVA and STI and also new cases of HIV infection among IDU in six cities in Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Analysis is based on the data from bio-behavioral survey conducted in six Russian cities with help of respondent-driven sampling. Results. It was found no statistically significant association between SAVA and STI after correction for sampling, but without correction STI prevalence in group without SAVA was 4.1% and in group with SAVA and binge drinking – 9,2% (р=0.04). Stratified analysis showed that it is impossible to combine data from males and females and in case of separate analysis statistically significant association between SAVA and STI exists in females (р=0,027). Analysis with adjustment for interview site, gender and age SAVA with binge drinking significantly elevates STI risk (OR=2.69 [95%CI=1.21... 5.99], р=0.016). Study of association between SAVA components and new cases of HIV found that experience of physical and/or sexual violence combined with binge drinking increase risk of HIV acquisition (adjusted for interview site, gender, age, needle/syringe sharing, education and sex work OR=4.03 [95%CI=1.19...13.69], р=0.026). Experience of physical and/or sexual violence combined with binge drinking was significantly associated with such HIV risk factors as needle and syringe sharing (OR=3.07 [95%CI=1.02...9.24], p=0.046) and sex work (OR=17.29 [95%CI=3.83...77.96], p<0.001). Conclusion. SAVA existence should be taken into account when planning preventive measures in Russian Federation and existing programs of comprehensive prevention should have components designed to decrease consequences of syndemia.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Substance Abuse and Prevention of Mental Deviations Among Minor Students

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Abramov ◽  
E. A. Koshkina ◽  
D. I. Kicha ◽  
A. O. Alekseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Survey

Background: the reduction in the premature mortality as a result of non-contagious diseases by way of the improvement measures to be adopted with the purpose of prevention and treatment of the substance abuse and general health care activities were outlined by the United Nations Organization as the primary objectives as far back as 2015 in order to work towards sustainable development (the objective № 3 “Promotion of healthy lifestyle and furtherance of wellbeing of individuals of all ages” in 2030 perspective). There is a high risks for the Russian Federation of transnational drugs expansion developing [1]. Concurrently, in order to build a national dependence prevention system, Decree № 581н as of 06.10.2014 “On the Preventive Medical Screening to be made at educational establishments” was issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Purpose: the research was supposed to focus on Preventive Medical Screening as a measure of prevention of illegal usage of substances and mental disorders among minor students and on the optimization of such preventive medical screening. Materials and methods: the fi ndings are based on the posthoc analysis of the data of the Federal statistical survey form and of the research and information reports (n = 491 280 students). The results: the fi ndings of the preventive medical screening made across the Russian Federation and in Moscow over the years 2016–2018 show the increase of minor students involved into such preventive medical screening, as well as the decrease of those who might use psychoactive drugs. The same fi ndings show that the majority of the illegal drug users were students of secondary vocational schools. The fi ndings can be called a trend across the Russian Federation and in Moscow. Conclusions: non-medical usage of substances among minor students can be a serious threat to the mental health of the youth. There are suggestions for improvement prevention of mental disorders among students at the results of the research. These include methodology of Brief Motivational Consulting at a time of preventive medical screening and the ways of increase effectivity toxicology screening in different educational organizations offering to add in preventive medical screening cotinine (it’s metabolite of nicotine) screening for students of primary school; it’s have to systematically update and expand types of screening tools for substances in preventive medical screening in all educations organizations.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF PROGRAMS OF COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION OF HIV-INFECTION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE PREVENTION OF LOSS OF YEARS, CUSTOMIZED FOR DISABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Anna N. Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the efficiency of the prevention programs aimed at the prevention of the spread of HIV infection, represent the it in disabled adjusted life years (DALY) and compare the efficiency with the prevention and treatment costs. Material and methods. Results of the panel study executed in 2006-2013 in 10 regions of Russian Federation in HIV infection risk groups (4 waves). The total number of include participants accounted of 9891. The study protocol included the detailed survey for the risk behavior and HIV testing. The obtained results of the study were used to calibrate the dynamic (Markov) model of the effect of the prevention on the length of the quality-adjusted life and treatment cost. The cost of the prevention was estimated on the base of reporting documents of prevention programs. Results. Programs of the comprehensive prevention of HIV-infection, among injecting drug users give rise in the significant decrease in the HIV incidence. The evaluation of the effect of prevention in frameworks of a multidimensional model shows odds ratio to be of 0.56 (95% CI = 0.40-0.78). This relative reduction of the incidence corresponds to the absolute incidence decrease from 3.98 per 100 person-years, among those not participating in prevention programs (95% CI: 3.37-4.69) to 2.22 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.89-2.62) among participants. This effect of the prevention leads to averting losses of 0.75-1.1 DALY per person, with most savings from the diminishing of the disability. In most plausible scenario this results in cost saving with return on the investment of 40 kopeks per rouble invested in prevention. Conclusion. Comprehensive programs of HIV prevention in Russian Federation possess of the significant effectiveness and under plausible assumptions are cost-saving. When discussing financing preventive measures they should be evaluated on real effectiveness and cost.

Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation

The Lancet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 366 (9479) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shakarishvili ◽  
LK Dubovskaya ◽  
LS Zohrabyan ◽  
JS St Lawrence ◽  
SO Aral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals ESTIMATING BURDEN OF DISEASE DUE TO CONTINUOUS PROPAGATION OF HIV INFECTION AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
A. N. Barinova ◽  
A. A. Lebedeva ◽  
N. N. Ladnaya ◽  
E. E. Zaytseva ◽  
S. L. Plavinskii
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Average Loss

Despite long period of propagation of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDU) in Russian Federation there is still capacity for appearance of new cases. Based on results of integrated bio-behavioral study conducted in six cities of Russian Federation burden of HIV infection was estimated. Several approaches to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were used. Estimates of DALY depend mostly on mortality associated with HIV infection. It was shown, that estimates also change depending on changing age-dependent productivity and discount rate. Average loss was estimated at 15,1 DALY per one case of infection. Extrapolating these results on Russian Federation as a whole show that due to continuation of HIV spread among IDU every year 595 thousand DALYs are lost. Summary measures of public health should be used to prioritize investment in prevention.

Psychosis and Substance Abuse: Cause, Effect or Coincidence?

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Lawrie ◽  
J.K. Hutchison ◽  
S.R. Sweeney ◽  
M.R. Fernando ◽  
C.A. McAdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Drug History ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

An association between substance abuse and major psychiatric illness is increasingly well recognised, but most studies have been conducted in the USA and have focussed upon patients with schizophrenia rather than other disorders. We conducted a survey of 38 consecutively admitted patients with DSM-III-R functional psychoses. A semi-structured substance abuse interview was administered and a urine specimen for drug metabolite screening requested. The prevalence of cigarette smoking (63%) and current illicit drug use (26%) were higher than general population norms. The 16 subjects with schizophrenia and related disorders were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the 22 patients with an affective disorder (p=0.008, odds ratio 8.4, 95% CI 1.3–69.6), and showed tendencies to more illicit drug and alcohol consumption. Illicit drug users were more likely to have a forensic history and less likely to have entered further education. Substance abuse is common among patients with psychoses, particularly in those with schizophrenia and related disorders. All psychotic patients should have a detailed drug history taken, and therapeutic attempts made to reduce consumption.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

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