scholarly journals Studi Teknik Tradisional Budidaya dan Produksi Kenanga Jawa (Cananga odorata f. macrophylla) di Blitar

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Hariadi Propantoko ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Cananga Odorata ◽  
Significant Factors

Java kenanga or kenanga (Cananga odorata f. macrophylla) is a tropical and sub-tropical tree species that grows naturally in Indonesia and produces essential oil. This species has been cultivated in the past by community in Indonesia, mainly on their yard. The population of kenanga has decreased significantly, but in Blitar district the community is still doing cultivating the species although in a small scale. The purpose of this research is to observe the cultivation efforts by the community and also kenanga flower production in Blitar district. This research was conducted by interviewing farmers and observation of kenanga trees in the field. The results showed that cultivation efforts being made to improve the production of kenanga flower is by pruning, fertilizing, flowering routine and retrieval or emoval of kenanga fruit. The average kananga flower production reached 381 kg / year / tree in the age group above 11 years. Factors that affect flower production were tree age (years), total tree height (m), diameter at breast height (cm) and the width tree canopy (m2). The most significant factors affecting flower production were tree diameter and width of tree canopy. Cultivation efforts being made to improve the production of kenanga flower is by pruning, fertilizing, flowering routine and retrieval or removal of kenanga fruit. Keywords: Cananga odorata f. macrophylla, essential oil, cultivation, Blitar

scholarly journals ALS as Tool to Study Preferred Stem Inclination Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3744
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lamprecht ◽  
Johannes Stoffels ◽  
Thomas Udelhoven
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trunk Orientation ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Dependent Interaction

Although gravitropism forces trees to grow vertically, stems have shown to prefer specific orientations. Apart from wind deforming the tree shape, lateral light can result in prevailing inclination directions. In recent years a species dependent interaction between gravitropism and phototropism, resulting in trunks leaning down-slope, has been confirmed, but a terrestrial investigation of such factors is limited to small scale surveys. ALS offers the opportunity to investigate trees remotely. This study shall clarify whether ALS detected tree trunks can be used to identify prevailing trunk inclinations. In particular, the effect of topography, wind, soil properties and scan direction are investigated empirically using linear regression models. 299.000 significantly inclined stems were investigated. Species-specific prevailing trunk orientations could be observed. About 58% of the inclination and 19% of the orientation could be explained by the linear models, while the tree species, tree height, aspect and slope could be identified as significant factors. The models indicate that deciduous trees tend to lean down-slope, while conifers tend to lean leeward. This study has shown that ALS is suitable to investigate the trunk orientation on larger scales. It provides empirical evidence for the effect of phototropism and wind on the trunk orientation.

scholarly journals Determining the Age of Streetside Trees with Diameter at Breast Height-based Multifactorial Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jan Lukaszkiewicz ◽  
Marek Kosmala
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Multifactorial Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
R Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Total Tree

This article evaluates the possibility of determining tree age based simultaneously on diameter at breast height (dbh) (1.3 m [4.3 ft]) and total tree height using common lime, common ash, and horsechestnut species. The first step was the identification and measuring groups of trees growing in similar conditions (streetside trees in Warsaw area, Poland) in which planting ages were known (mainly from archives). Next, multifactorial regression model was developed describing the growth of both tree parameters (dbh and height) over time. In the majority of cases, plotting tree age against diameter and height yielded a regression coefficient r value and determination coefficient r 2value above 0.9. For graphic interpretation of elaborated multifactorial models, nomograms were applied. This kind of graph allows explaining tree age based on both dbh and height of trees. Another step was verification. The resulting model was applied to unrelated groups of trees of known age. Mean bias values were established for each model. The difference between the actual age and mean age calculated with the model was less than ±15%. Presented model, although not meant for application to individual trees, might be useful to determine the age of groups of trees growing along streets and roads.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Factors Affecting the Willingness to Invest in Renewables among Environmental Students: A Logistic Regression Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Karasmanaki ◽  
Spyridon Galatsidas ◽  
Georgios Tsantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Significant Factors

Renewable energy sources (RES) have gained increased popularity across the world mainly due to their ability to contribute to environmental protection through the generation of infinite ‘clean’ energy. To achieve a greater diffusion of renewables, however, small-scale investments implemented by individuals are critically important. In contrast to citizens whose attitudes have been consistently explored by research, there is little evidence on the attitudes towards investments among environmental students who will occupy positions of responsibility and play key roles in the environmental sector in the future. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to identify the most important factors that affect environmental students’ willingness to invest in renewable energy (RE) by developing a logistic regression model. According to our analysis, the participants in their majority expressed their willingness to invest, while environmental values, the low risk and profitability of renewable investments, as well as preferences for certain energy types were significant factors determining this willingness. However, willingness to invest was irrespective of the current taxation and subsidies, suggesting that significant improvements are required in these areas. The present study could be particularly useful for policymakers since the necessary steps to create favorable investment environments in Greece and elsewhere are highlighted.

scholarly journals Factors affecting profitability of small-scale vegetable production in the Visayas

2017 ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
Annie Centes ◽  
Jessa Ruales ◽  
Rhena Jane Soria ◽  
Moises Neil Seriño
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Significant Factors

This study was conducted to assess the profitability of small-scale vegetable production in the Visayas, particularly in the islands Leyte, Samar and Bohol. The data used in the study was taken from baseline survey on vegetable production in the Visayas. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in analysing factors that influence profitability. Results show that significant factors that affect profitability include cropping practices and market outlets. This suggests that profitability of small-scale vegetable production measured in terms of gross margins will tend to increase with the practice of multi-cropping and intercropping systems. With limited farm size, farmers can maximize the yield of vegetable production through intercropping and multi-cropping practice. In addition, primary market outlet affects profitability implying that better access to market translates to higher profitability. Results of the study suggest that to improve profitability of farmers in Leyte, Samar and Bohol, policy makers, researchers and technician should focus on optimizing cropping system. Farmers should be trained to identify vegetables that produces better yield in an intercropping and multi-cropping system. This should also be complemented with better access to market. Farm to market road should be improved so that farmers can easily link their production to the market.

Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553d-553
Author(s):  
C.R. Unrath
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

Simulation of non-stationary thermal fields from a buried thermally insulated pipeline and its diagnostics

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
N.A. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Underground Pipeline ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Thermal Imaging Equipment ◽  
Principal Possibility ◽  
Significant Factors

To detect damage to the underground pipeline, a mathematical model, allowing to take into account the most significant Factors affecting the distribution of temperature on the day surface. To implement this model, a software package has been developed and results of numerical calculations. With the help of these calculations, in particular, It is established that modern thermal imaging equipment has a principal possibility to determine an unauthorized frame in the main pipeline at a depth of two meters in clay soil.

scholarly journals Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Becky Carroll ◽  
William Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

scholarly journals Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4547
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽  
Metwally M. Montaser ◽  
Sliai M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3182
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nakashima ◽  
Keigo Ito ◽  
Yoshito Katayama ◽  
Mikito Tsushima ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Significant Factors

The conus medullaris typically terminates at the L1 level; however, variations in its level and the factors associated with the conus medullaris level are unclear. We investigated the level of conus medullaris on magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. In total, 629 healthy adult volunteers (≥50 individuals of each sex and in each decade of age from 20 to 70) were enrolled. The level of the conus medullaris was assessed based on the T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance images, and factors affecting its level were investigated employing multivariate regression analysis including the participants’ background and radiographical parameters. L1 was the most common conus medullaris level. Participant height was significantly shorter in the caudally placed conus medullaris (p = 0.013). With respect to the radiographical parameters, pelvic incidence (p = 0.003), and pelvic tilt (p = 0.03) were significantly smaller in participants with a caudally placed conus medullaris. Multiple regression analysis showed that the pelvic incidence (p < 0.0001) and height (p < 0.0001) were significant factors affecting the conus medullaris level. These results indicated that the length of the spinal cord varies little among individuals and that skeletal differences affect the level of the conus medullaris.

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