scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE TEGAKAN DI AREAL BEKAS TAMBANG SILIKA DI HOLCIM EDUCATIONAL FOREST, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT Soil Macrofauna Diversity on Various Types of Stands in Silicas’ Post-Mining Land in Holcim Educational Forest...

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Cahyo Wibowo ◽  
Syamsudin Ahmad Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil Macrofauna has a very important role in maintaining soil fertility through the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient distribution, increasing soil aeration and so on. The existence of soil macrofauna are very important in helping the process of rehabilitation of post-mining land because they contribute to the improvement of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The purposes of this study are to identify and quantify the diversity of soil macrofauna in various types of stands and land without stand in Holcim Educational Forest. The highest abundance of soil macrofauna was found in mixed stand with 240 individuals in nine plots of observation, each plot was 40 cm x 40 cm. Layers of soil (0-10 cm) has an abundance of soil macrofauna higher than in the litter layer, because soil layer can provide protection from direct sunlight and enough food for soil macrofauna. Mixed stand has the highest soil macrofauna diversity (H '= 2.52, DMG = 6.93, J' = 0.63), as it has a more diverse vegetation and highest canopy density. Environmental conditions such as soil temperature, canopy density, and soil organic matter can influence the composition and abundance of soil macrofauna, so that the soil macrofauna can be used as an indicator in monitoring environmental quality. Soil macrofauna that dominates in all the stands and land without stand, were red ants (Formicidae 7), termites (Rhinotermitidae 1), earthworms (Megascolecidae 1), and larvae of Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae 1).Key words: abundance, diversity, environment, soil macrofauna

scholarly journals Changes in soil properties due to the application of activators in conditions of very heavy soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S40-S45
Author(s):  
Šařec Petr ◽  
Novák Petr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties ◽  
Properties Of Soil

This paper deals with verification of the effect of fermented manure (with and without Z'fix activators) and soil activators (PRP Sol) on a soil properties change. Their application should lead to a change in physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, along with ecological material fixation, improved water retention and infiltration, reduction of soil susceptibility to water erosion and decreased soil tillage energy requirements. Field trial was established in Sloveč in Central Bohemia in the year 2014. The experiment was divided into several variants and was designed as multiannual. Z›fix activator was used as a biological transformation activator of manure. PRP Sol was used as a soil activator. In order to verify the effect, soil infiltration, cone index, bulk density and draft of tillage implement were measured. Measurements have shown a beneficial effect of the activators with regard to the decomposition of organic matter. Consequently, changes in soil properties and a reduction of draft at tillage operations developed. Finally, the effect should evolve gradually with a prolonged activator treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in physical properties of sandy soil after long-term compost treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Tibor Aranyos ◽  
Attila Tomócsik ◽  
Marianna Makádi ◽  
József Mészáros ◽  
Lajos Blaskó
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Compost Application

Abstract Studying the long-term effect of composted sewage sludge application on chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, an experiment was established in 2003 at the Research Institute of Nyíregyháza in Hungary. The applied compost was prepared from sewage sludge (40%), straw (25%), bentonite (5%) and rhyolite (30%). The compost was ploughed into the 0-25 cm soil layer every 3rd year in the following amounts: 0, 9, 18 and 27 Mg ha−1 of dry matter. As expected, the compost application improved the structure of sandy soil, which is related with an increase in the organic matter content of soil. The infiltration into soil was improved significantly, reducing the water erosion under simulated high intensity rainfall. The soil compaction level was reduced in the first year after compost re-treatment. In accordance with the decrease in bulk density, the air permeability of soil increased tendentially. However, in the second year the positive effects of compost application were observed only in the plots treated with the highest compost dose because of quick degradation of the organic matter. According to the results, the sewage sludge compost seems to be an effective soil improving material for acidic sandy soils, but the beneficial effect of application lasts only for two years.

scholarly journals Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Hortikultura Desa Losari Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nurul Qomariyah ◽  
Ary Susatyo Nugroho ◽  
Mohammad Syaipul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Land Station ◽  
Hand Sorting ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstrak: Makrofauna tanah merupakan bagian dari biodiversitas tanah yang memiliki peran penting dalam perbaikan sifat fisik, kimiawi, dan biologi tanah melalui proses imobilisasi dan humifikasi. Desa Losari merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan sumowono Kabupaten semarang yang terletak di kaki Gunung Ungaran sehingga keadaannya masih asri dan alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan Juli 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah yang ada di kawasan lahan pertanian Desa Losari dengan tanaman yang berbeda. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Pit fall trap dan Hand sorting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Total makrofauna tanah yang tercatat di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 37 jenis yang terdiri dari 3 filum. Lahan pertanian tanaman kubis (stasiun I) memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya dengan nilai H' = 1,064. Filum dengan jumlah terbanyak di lokasi penelitian adalah filum Arthropoda sebanyak 33 jenis dari 98 total jenis makrofauna tanah yang telah ditemukan.Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah; hortikultura; pit fall trap; hand sorting.Abstract: Soil macrofauna is part of soil biodiversity which has an important role in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil through immobilization and humification processes. Losari Village is one of the villages in Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, which is located at the foot of Mount Ungaran so that the condition is still beautiful and natural. This research was conducted in July 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in the agricultural area of Losari Village with different plants. Data were collected by two methods, namely Pit fall trap and Hand sorting. The results showed that the level of species diversity in the study location was low. The total soil macrofauna recorded at the research location were 37 species consisting of 3 phyla. Cabbage farming land (station I) has the highest level of diversity compared to other stations with a value of H' = 1.064. The phylum with the highest number in the research location was Arthropoda phylum with 33 of the 98 total soil macrofauna species that had been found.Keywords: soil macrofauna diversity; horticulture; pit fall trap; hand sorting.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chemical and Biological Parameters in Sorghum-Wheat Cropping Sequence under Long Term Fertilization - A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Dynamic Population

Continuous addition of chemical fertilizers poses problems like toxicity due to high amounts of salts as residues of fertilizer and deterioration of the physico-chemical properties. Organic manure ameliorates this problem as organic matter helps in increasing adsorptive power of soil for cations and anions particularly phosphate and nitrate. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers over a long period may cause imbalance in the microbial population and there by indirectly affect the biological properties. The microbial biomass, which is the total sum of all microorganisms present in soil, serves as a temporary sink for nutrients including nitrogen and can be considered as an index of soil fertility. Soil harbours dynamic population of microorganisms, which play major role in decomposition of organic matter and transformation of plant nutrients. The availability of organically bounded nitrogen through transformation in soil to the plant mainly depends on the population of microorganisms, which may be influenced by the application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure.

scholarly journals Influence of soil macrofauna on soil organic carbon content

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szyszko-Podgórska ◽  
Marek Kondras ◽  
Izabel Dymitryszyn ◽  
Anita Matracka ◽  
Mirosław Cimoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

Abstract Macrofauna plays a very important role in the functioning of the natural environment. It plays an important role in the decomposition of organic matter by mixing and crushing organic matter in soil. Invertebrate faeces influence the development of microorganisms and their dead bodies stimulate mineralization in the soil. They also influence the humification processes. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of macrofauna and litter distribution and the accumulation of organic carbon in soil. The study showed a significant influence of this thick animal on the processes taking place in the soil. Significant correlations were observed between the organic carbon content in the litter and the organic carbon content in the soil, macrofauna activity with litter decomposition and its influence on the organic carbon accumulation.

scholarly journals Changes in soil organic matter in a forestry chronosequence monitored by thermal analysis and calorimetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Ramos Pena ◽  
Manuel Martín Pastor ◽  
Lee Hansen ◽  
Agustín Merino García ◽  
César Pérez Cruzado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Calorimetry

Modelling soil organic matter dynamics requires reproducible and accurate data from several methods that follow such evolution based on changes in soil organic matter properties. The objective of this study is to investigate changes in the chemical, thermal and biological properties of soil organic matter after afforestation using emerging methods such as thermal analysis, isothermal calorimetry, and </span><sup>13</sup><span>C CPMAS NMR. These methods were applied to a chronosequence of soils where large losses of carbon have occurred in the 29 years since afforestation. Results show that over this period the soil organic matter becomes more aromatic, resulting in increased thermal stability and decreased microbial activity. Over longer time frames, between 29 and 40 years after afforestation, soil organic matter increased, mainly in the aliphatic and carbohydrate fractions with enhanced thermal stability and consequent metabolic changes from microbial adaptation to the new organic matter.

scholarly journals The riverine bioreactor: An integrative perspective on biological decomposition of organic matter across riverine habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 145494
Author(s):  
Ignacio Peralta-Maraver ◽  
Rachel Stubbington ◽  
Shai Arnon ◽  
Pavel Kratina ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Biological Decomposition

scholarly journals Syngenetic rapid growth of ellipsoidal silica concretions with bitumen cores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Yoshida ◽  
Ryusei Kuma ◽  
Hitoshi Hasegawa ◽  
Nagayoshi Katsuta ◽  
Sin-iti Sirono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Diagenesis ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Diffusion Growth ◽  
Silica Precipitation ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Diagram

AbstractIsolated silica concretions in calcareous sediments have unique shapes and distinct sharp boundaries and are considered to form by diagenesis of biogenic siliceous grains. However, the details and rates of syngenetic formation of these spherical concretions are still not fully clear. Here we present a model for concretion growth by diffusion, with chemical buffering involving decomposition of organic matter leading to a pH change in the pore-water and preservation of residual bitumen cores in the concretions. The model is compatible with some pervasive silica precipitation. Based on the observed elemental distributions, C, N, S, bulk carbon isotope and carbon preference index (CPI) measurements of the silica-enriched concretions, bitumen cores and surrounding calcareous rocks, the rate of diffusive concretion growth during early diagenesis is shown using a diffusion-growth diagram. This approach reveals that ellipsoidal SiO2 concretions with a diameter of a few cm formed rapidly and the precipitated silica preserved the bitumen cores. Our work provides a generalized chemical buffering model involving organic matter that can explain the rapid syngenetic growth of other types of silica accumulation in calcareous sediments.

Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Angers ◽  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
A. Légère ◽  
N. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Total Organic C

Crop rotations and tillage practices can modify not only the total amount of organic matter (OM) in soils but also its composition. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total organic C, microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by 4 yr of different rotation and tillage combinations on a Kamouraska clay in La Pocatière, Quebec. Two rotations (continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) versus a 2-yr barley–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation) and three tillage treatments (moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP) and no-tillage (NT)) were compared in a split-plot design. Total organic C was affected by the tillage treatments but not by the rotations. In the top soil layer (0–7.5 cm), NT and CP treatments had C contents 20% higher than the MP treatment. In the same soil layer, MBC averaged 300 mg C kg−1 in the MP treatment and up to 600 mg C kg−1 in the NT soil. Hot-water-extractable and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates were on average 40% greater under reduced tillage than under MP. Both carbohydrate fractions were also slightly larger in the rotation than in the soil under continuous barley. The ratios of MBC and carbohydrate C to total organic C suggested that there was a significant enrichment of the OM in labile forms as tillage intensity was reduced. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 50% higher under NT and 20% higher under CP treatments than under MP treatment and, on average, 15% larger in the rotation than in the continuous barley treatment. Overall, the management-induced differences were slightly greater in the top layer (0–7.5 cm) than in the lower layer of the Ap horizon (7.5–15 cm). All the properties measured were highly correlated with one another. They also showed significant temporal variations that were, in most cases, independent of the treatments. Four years of conservation tillage and, to a lesser extent, rotation with red clover resulted in greater OM in the top soil layer compared with the more intensive systems. This organic matter was enriched in labile forms. Key words: Soil management, soil quality, organic matter, carbohydrates, microbial biomass, phosphatase

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