The Effect of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Gene Expression Lymphocyte Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in Healthy Inactive Men

This study examined the impact of early weaning on antioxidant function in piglets. A total of 40 Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 21-day-old piglets (half male and half female) were divided into suckling groups (SG) and weaning groups (WG). Piglets in WG were weaned at the 21st day, while the piglets in SG continued to get breastfed. Eight piglets from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at 24th-day (SG3, WG3) and 28th-day old (SG7, WG7). The body weight, liver index, hepatocyte morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 signaling in the liver of piglets were measured. The results showed that weaning caused decreased body weight (p < 0.01), lower liver weight (p < 0.01), and decreased the liver organ index (p < 0.05) of piglets. The area and size of hepatocytes in the WG group was smaller than that in the SG group (p < 0.05). We also observed that weaning reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) in the liver of piglets. Relative to the SG3 group, the gene expression of GSH-Px in liver of WG3 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression of Nrf2 in the SG3 group was higher than that in the WG3 group (p < 0.01). The gene expression of NQO1 in the SG7 group was higher than that in the WG7 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weaning resulted in lower weight, slowed liver development, and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, thereby impairing liver antioxidant function and suppressing piglet growth.

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Pro-oxidant activity of aluminum in the rat hippocampus: gene expression of antioxidant enzymes after melatonin administration

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.10.009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 104-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Mercedes Gómez ◽

José L. Esparza ◽

M. Rosa Nogués ◽

Montserrat Giralt ◽

Maria Cabré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Rat Hippocampus ◽

Melatonin Administration

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Losartan has no additive effect on the response to heavy-resistance exercise in human elderly skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00106.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 1536-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mette Flindt Heisterberg ◽

Jesper L. Andersen ◽

Peter Schjerling ◽

Alberte Lund ◽

Simone Dalskov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Satellite Cells ◽

Type I ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Fiber Area ◽

Heavy Resistance Exercise

Our purpose here was to investigate the potential of blocking the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) on the hypertrophy response of elderly human skeletal muscle to 4 mo of heavy-resistance exercise training. Fifty-eight healthy elderly men (+65 yr) were randomized into three groups, consuming either AT1R blocker (losartan, 100 mg/day) or placebo for 4 mo. Two groups performed resistance training (RT) and were treated with either losartan or placebo, and one group did not train but was treated with losartan. Quadriceps muscle biopsies, MR scans, and strength tests were performed at baseline and after 8 and 16 wk. Biopsies were sectioned for immunohistochemistry to determine the number of satellite cells, capillaries, fiber type distribution, and fiber area. Gene expression levels of myostatin, connective tissue, and myogenic signaling pathways were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Four months of heavy-resistance training led in both training groups to expected improvements in quadriceps (∼3–4%) and vastus lateralis (∼5–6%), cross-sectional area, and type II fiber area (∼10–18%), as well as dynamic (∼13%) and isometric (∼19%) quadriceps peak force, but with absolutely no effect of losartan on these outcomes. Furthermore, no changes were seen in satellite cell number with training, and most gene targets failed to show any changes induced by training or losartan treatment. We conclude that there does not appear to be any effect of AT1R blocking in elderly men during 4 mo of resistance training. Therefore, we do not find any support for using AT1R blockers for promoting muscle adaptation to training in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Animal studies have suggested that blocking angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) enhances muscle regeneration and prevents disuse atrophy, but studies in humans are limited. Focusing on hypertrophy, satellite cells, and gene expression, we found that AT1R blocking did not result in any greater responses with 4 mo of resistance training. These results do not support previous findings and question the value of blocking AT1R in the context of preserving aging human muscle.

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Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Gene Expression Are Altered by Diet-Induced Increase in Muscle Essential Fatty Acid (α-linolenic acid) Concentration in Sheep Used as a Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 723 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eric Ponnampalam ◽

Vahid Vahedi ◽

Khageswor Giri ◽

Paul Lewandowski ◽

Joe Jacobs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid

This study investigated the effect of dietary manipulations on muscle fatty acid composition, the activities and relative mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes and the relationship between muscle enzyme activity or mRNA expression and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) concentration in sheep. Eighty-four lambs blocked on liveweight were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, lucerne pasture (Lucerne), annual ryegrass pasture (Ryegrass), feedlot pellets (Feedlot) or annual ryegrass plus feedlot pellets (RyeFeedlot). After six weeks of feeding, lambs were slaughtered and within 30 min post-mortem, samples collected from the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle for RNA isolation and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities. At 24 h post-mortem, LL samples were collected for determination of fatty acid concentrations. Feedlot treatment decreased ALA, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) concentrations compared with other treatments and increased linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) compared with Lucerne and Ryegrass (p < 0.001). The activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1, p < 0.001) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD2, p < 0.001) enzymes in the muscle increased with Lucerne compared to other treatments. Lucerne increased muscle gpx1 mRNA expression by 1.74-fold (p = 0.01) and 1.68-fold (p = 0.05) compared with Feedlot and other diets, respectively. The GPX1 (r2 = 0.319, p = 0.002) and SOD2 (r2 = 0.244, p = 0.009) enzyme activities were positively related to ALA. There was a positive linear relationship between muscle gpx1 (r2 = 0.102, p = 0.017) or sod2 (r2 = 0.049, p = 0.09) mRNA expressions and ALA concentration. This study demonstrates that diet can affect concentrations of ALA and other fatty acids as well as change activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in muscle. Increased antioxidant activity may, in turn, have beneficial effects on the performance, health and wellbeing of animals and humans.

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Transcriptomic Analysis of Staphylococcus xylosus in Solid Dairy Matrix Reveals an Aerobic Lifestyle Adapted to Rind

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1807

Author(s):

Sabine Leroy ◽

Sergine Even ◽

Pierre Micheau ◽

Anne de La Foye ◽

Valérie Laroute ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Iron Acquisition ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Original System ◽

Staphylococcus Xylosus ◽

Genes Encoding

Staphylococcus xylosus is found in the microbiota of traditional cheeses, particularly in the rind of soft smeared cheeses. Despite its frequency, the molecular mechanisms allowing the growth and adaptation of S. xylosus in dairy products are still poorly understood. A transcriptomic approach was used to determine how the gene expression profile is modified during the fermentation step in a solid dairy matrix. S. xylosus developed an aerobic metabolism perfectly suited to the cheese rind. It overexpressed genes involved in the aerobic catabolism of two carbon sources in the dairy matrix, lactose and citrate. Interestingly, S. xylosus must cope with nutritional shortage such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, consequently, an extensive up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis was observed. As expected, the gene sigB was overexpressed in relation with general stress and entry into the stationary phase and several genes under its regulation, such as those involved in transport of anions, cations and in pigmentation were up-regulated. Up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and glycine betaine transport and synthesis systems showed that S. xylosus has to cope with oxidative and osmotic stresses. S. xylosus expressed an original system potentially involved in iron acquisition from lactoferrin.

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