scholarly journals PERAN SOSIAL KIAI PADA MASA KOLONIAL KARYA-KARYA DJAMIL SUHERMAN DALAM TELAAH SOSIOLOGI SASTRA/KIAI’S SOCIAL ROLES AT THE COLONIAL PERIOD AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIOLOGICAL LITERATURE ON THE WORKS OF DJAMIL SUHERMAN

Aksara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rosyid HW
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Teaching Religion ◽  
Study Techniques

AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karya-karya Djamil Suherman menggambarkan sosok kiai dan peran-peran sosial kiai pada masa kolonial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pisau teoretik sosiologi sastra. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik studi pustaka yang sumber data penelitiannya adalah kumpulan cerita pendek Umi Kalsum, novel Pejuang-Pejuang Kali Pepe dan novel Sakerah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kiai di dalam karya Djamil Suherman digambarkan sebagai pemimpin pesantren yang taat beragama. Kiai berperan dalam kehidupan sosial dengan cara mengajarkan agama, membimbing umat, mengajarkan kesaktian, memperkuat moral dan melawan penindasan kolonial Belanda. Peran perlawanan terhadap penjajahan ini merupakan ijtihad dan kontekstualisasi pemahaman keagamaan kiai sebagai bagian dari semangat zaman. Kata kunci: kiai, peran sosial, sosiologi sastraAbstractThis paper aims to research how Djamil Suherman's literary works portrayed the figure of the kiai and the social roles of the kiai during colonial period. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive with Alan Swingewood's theory of sociological literature. The data collection was done by literature study techniques where the source of the research data was “Umi Kalsum” collection of short stories, novel “Pejuang-Pejuang Kali Pepe” and novel “Sakerah”. The findings of this study indicate that the kiai in the work of Djamil Suherman is described as a religious leader of a pesantren. The kiai played a role in social life by teaching religion, guiding people, teaching supernatural powers, strengthening morals and resisting the oppression of Dutch. The role of resistance to this colonolialism is a form of ijtihad and contextualization of kiai’s religious understanding as part of the period spirit. Keywords: kiai, social role, sociological literature 

Institutional actors: Children’s emerging beliefs about the causal structure of social roles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyes ◽  
Frank Keil ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Player ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
The U.S

Institutions make new forms of acting possible: Signing executive orders, scoring goals, and officiating weddings are only possible because of the U.S. government, the rules of soccer, and the institution of marriage. Thus, when an individual occupies a particular social role (President, soccer player, and officiator) they acquire new ways of acting on the world. The present studies investigated children’s beliefs about institutional actions, and in particular whether children understand that individuals can only perform institutional actions when their community recognizes them as occupying the appropriate social role. Two studies (Study 1, N = 120 children, 4-11; Study 2, N = 90 children, 4-9) compared institutional actions to standard actions that do not depend on institutional recognition. In both studies, 4- to 5-year-old children believed all actions were possible regardless of whether an individual was recognized as occupying the social role. In contrast, 8- to 9-year-old children robustly distinguished between institutional and standard actions; they understood that institutional actions depend on collective recognition by a community.

scholarly journals Social Role of the Librarians of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline da Rosa Ferreira Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Science

The study was carried out through the theoretical foundation about the conceptions and objectives of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, and also on the social role of the librarians of this educational institute. These Federal Institutes were created in Brazil in 2009 and they offer basic and higher education. This study aims at investigating, analyzing, and understanding if the librarians of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology recognize their social roles as professionals that can contribute to the development of cognitive skills with regards to the information in the library’s users. A case study was carried out with all the librarians of the Federal Institutes and questionnaires were the method used for collecting data. It should be noted in the librarians’ answers that they recognize their social roles, and they act according to what they recognize. In their everyday practices, these librarians try to minimize the difficulties that the library’s users face in relation to the search, location, use, assessment, dissemination, and understanding of information.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

Darwinian Dynamics of Depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037
Author(s):  
John Price
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depressive States

Darwin's theory of sexual selection offers a challenge to psychology and psychiatry. We select each other, and have been doing so since social life first evolved. But who is selected and what happens to those who are not selected? What social structures have evolved to contain the unselected? What behaviours have evolved to manage the selection process? How do the selected relate to the unselected and what behaviours have evolved to manage this asymmetry in social relations? What mental states have evolved to characterize the selected and the unselected? These questions should be kept in mind when we observe and study the social structures, behaviours and mental states that we see displayed before us in all the variety of nature. It is suggested that a significant amount of current psychiatric disorder, especially depressive states and both social and generalized anxiety disorder, have evolved because they managed the processes of being unselected and de-selected, and maintained the unselected in that social role without loss of life or physical incapacity, and enabled the unselected to contribute to general social well-being.

An “If This, Then That” Formulation of Decisions Related to Social Role Valorization As a Better Way of Interpreting It to People

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Wolf Wolfensberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Empirical Social Science ◽  
Social Valuation

Abstract Social Role Valorization is interpreted as a high-order empirical social science theory that informs people about the relation between the social roles that people hold and what happens to them as a result, and how to valorize (improve or defend) the social roles of people at risk of social devaluation. Because Social Role Valorization is not a “religion,” people must go to higher belief systems to determine whether and why other humans should be valued or devalued, whether the social valuation of others should be promoted, and which presumably effective means to this end are morally defensible or even imperative. Whether a pursuit of social valuation in certain cases has unacceptable implications can be in the domain of either “religion” or practical trade-offs.

Looking Philosophical: Stuff, Stereotypes, and Self‐Presentation

Hypatia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-707
Author(s):  
Amy Olberding
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Physical Setting

Self‐presentation is a complex phenomenon through which individuals present themselves in performance of social roles. The success of such performances rests not just on how well a performer fulfills expectations regarding the role she would play, but on whether observers find her convincing. I focus on how self‐presentation entails making use of material environment and objects: One may “dress for the part” and employ props that suit a desired role. However, regardless of dress or props, one can nonetheless fail to “look the part” owing to expectations informed by biases patterned along commonplace social stereotypes. Using the social role of philosopher as my example, I analyze how the stereotype attached to this role carries implications for how demographically under‐represented philosophers may self‐present, specifically with regard to dress and decoration. I look, in particular, to the alienation from one's material environment that may follow on the frustration of self‐presentation through bias. One pernicious effect of bias, I argue, is the power it has to deform and distort its target's relation to her physical setting and objects. Where comfort and ease in one's material environment can be a significant ethico‐aesthetic good, bias can inhibit access to, and enjoyment of, this good.

scholarly journals SOCIOLINGUISTIC POTENTIAL OF POLYPREDICATIVE SYNTAXIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
NADEJDA EMROVNA SHAKURBANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the sociolinguistic potential of polypredicative syntactic constructions, defining the principles of analysis of multi-term complex sentences and complex sentences of a complicated type, describing the position of choosing the social roles considered in the work and justifying the inclusion of the interpersonal role “narrator” in the concept of social role in a literary text. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to study the syntax of the modern Russian language in the sociolinguistic aspect, since at present the sociolinguistic approach is applied only to phonetics, vocabulary, phraseology. We have not identified significant studies related to the analysis of the syntactic structure of the Russian language, and in particular, polypredicative syntactic constructions presented in the sociolinguistic aspect. Therefore, it seems to us interesting to consider this problem.

scholarly journals Daily Social Life of Older Adults and Vulnerabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social

Introduction: The social integration of older adults is crucial for understanding their risk of infection and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the social lives of older adults differ, which means they are not all vulnerable to COVID-19 in the same way. This study analyzes everyday time use and social contacts of older adults to inform discussions of their vulnerabilities during the pandemic.Methods: Using the 2019 American time use survey (N = 4,256, aged 55 and older), hurdle model regressions were used to examine the relationship between age, gender, and six indicators of the degree of social contact and time use, including (1) time alone, (2) time spent with family members, (3) time spent with non-family members, (4) time spent with people in the same household, (5) number of public spaces visited, and (6) time spent in public spaces.Results: Results showed substantial heterogeneity in everyday time use and social contacts. Time in public places gradually decreased from the oldest-old (85 years or older), old-old (75–84 years), to mid-life (55–64 years) adults. The gaps were not explained by age differences in sociodemographic characteristics and social roles. Compared with mid-life adults, time with family members of the young-old and old-old adults decreased, but time with non-family members increased. Age differences in social roles over the life course partially explained the differences.Conclusions: Should these patterns of time use and social contacts persist during COVID-19; then, such variations in the organization of social life may create different exposure contexts and vulnerabilities to social distancing measures among older adults; such information could help inform interventions to better protect this population.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Sosial-Politik sebagai Praktik Hospitalitas Kaum Pentakostal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Irwan Widjaja ◽  
Harls Evan R. Siahaan ◽  
Nathanael Octavianus
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Abstract. The involvement of the church in social life outside the church is something that continues to struggle from time to time; the church, on the one hand, felt compelled to be involved in all aspects of life; on the other, it felt sufficient to focus on the spiritual dimension of life. Meanwhile, participation in the social domain is often articulated with religious mission activities that wish to win souls and increase the number of church members. This article aimed to present a theological reflection framework on hospitality in a Pentecostal perspective, as a spirituality that drives the participatory philosophy of Pentecostals in the public sphere, both socially and politically. The method used is descriptive analysis, with a literature study approach. The result is that the hospitality attitude of the early church in the Acts constructs a Pentecostal reflection of the participation of Pentecostals in the public sphere.Abstrak. Keterlibatan gereja dalam kehidupan sosial di luar gereja merupakan hal yang terus mengalami pergumulan dari waktu ke waktu; gereja di satu sisi merasa harus terlibat dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan, di sisi lain merasa cukup untuk memfokuskan pada dimensi kehidupan rohani. Sementara itu, partisipasi pada domain sosial tidak jarang diartikulasikan dengan kegiatan misi gerejawi yang ingin memenangkan jiwa dan menambahkan jumlah anggota gereja. Artikel ini bertujuan menyajikan sebuah kerangka refleksi teologis tentang hospitalitas dalam perspektif Pentakostal, sebagai spirtualitas yang menggerakkan sikap partisipatif kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik, baik secara sosial dan politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasilnya, sikap hospitalitas jemaat mula-mula pada narasi Kisah Para Rasul mengonstruksi sebuah perenungan Pentakostal mengenai partisipasi kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik.

scholarly journals Study on the Factors Affecting the Embroidery Pattern Style of Miao in Leishan

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Zeyang Peng ◽  
Kehui Deng ◽  
Yilin Wei ◽  
Ziqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

In response to the factor that affects the evolution of Leishan Miao embroidery style, this paper, based on field inspections and consulting related county chronicles, characterizes its style from two aspects: pattern composition and content, and tries to characterize its style from the perspectives of craftsmanship and the social role of embroidery women. By reviewing the angles of change, and analyzing the reasons for the evolution of embroidery styles, this research has found that the style of Miao embroidery can be summarized as the proper use of continuous and separate patterns, as well as the fusion of reality and illusion in the subject matter. The study holds that the comprehensive application of stitching is the technical guarantee for the evolution of styles. At the same time, the transformation of embroidery women's social roles from “women weavers” to “women farmers” and then to “businesswomen” is the potential motivation for the evolution of embroidery styles.

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