Sustainable Irrigation: Karez System in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abdullah Azami ◽  
◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Sayed Hashmat Sadat ◽  
Hejratullah Hejran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matluba Muxammadiyeva ◽  
◽  
Iftixor Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
A Performance

If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages

ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ УРОВНЕ И СИТУАЦИОННЫЙ ПРОГНОЗ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ВОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ДОЛГОСРОЧНОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ (2021 - 2030 гг.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
S.D. Isaeva ◽  
A.L. Buber
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Irrigated Area

В статье проведен анализ состояния оросительных, в том числе рисовых, систем Краснодарского края за 20 лет. Рассмотрены основные способы полива, динамика орошаемой площади, суммарной водоподачи, оросительные нормы, объем коллекторно-дренажного стока и др. Выявлено сокращение поливаемых земель в Краснодарском крае, снижение суммарного водозабора и оросительных норм. Выполнен аналитический прогноз рассмотренных показателей на перспективу до 2030 г. и предложены меры по развитию и повышению эффективности орошения в Краснодарском крае, прежде всего за счет строгого планирования водопользования на основе цифровых технологий и математического моделирования.Сondition of irrigation systems analysis was carried out in the Krasnodar Territory. Irrigation methods, dynamics of irrigated area, total water supply, irrigation norms are considered. Reduction of irrigated land, total water withdrawal and irrigation norms has been established in the Krasnodar Territory. An analytical forecast of the considered indicators for the future until 2030 has been completed. Measures to develop and improve irrigation efficiency are proposed. Above all, this is rigorous water use planning based on digital technology and mathematical modeling.

SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-INTENSITY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN AZERBAIJAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Aliyev Z.H.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Scientific Rationale

The results of the study revealed that the mismatch intensity rain rate of water absorption into the soil for-mation of a surface relief and soil erosion, uneven and shallow soaking imperfection open irrigation system at a su-perficial irrigation, the need for different irrigation methods in the growing and not growing periods, low coeffi-cient land utilization, high cost of irrigation and other features are, to a certain extent in conflict with the require-ments of watering cultivated with techniques for / of crops in an area at the deep groundwater.

Implementing irrigation techniques in CESM2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yao ◽  
Sean Swenson ◽  
Dave Lawrence ◽  
Wim Thiery
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Several recent studies have highlighted the importance of irrigation-induced changes in climate. Earth system models are a common tool to address this question, and to this end, irrigation is increasingly being represented in their land surface modules. Despite this evolution, currently, none of them considers different irrigation techniques. Here we develop and test a new parameterization that represents irrigation activities in the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) and considers three main irrigation techniques (surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation). Using global maps of the areas equipped by different irrigation systems, we will employ version 2 of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and its improved irrigation representation to detect the impacts of irrigation on climate. Two control experiments are designed, one with the new irrigation scheme and another with the original one. We will conduct an evaluation by comparing the simulated results against observed surface fluxes and meteorological variables. Subsequently, the differences between the experiments will be analyzed to quantify the impacts of irrigation on climate. We anticipate that our results will uncover whether considering different irrigation schemes is of value for exploring irrigate-induced impacts on climate.</p>

scholarly journals Scientific Rationale for The Development of Low-Intensity Irrigation Systems in Azerbaijan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Qasim Ali Oqlu Soltanzade
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Scientific Rationale

The results of the study revealed that the mismatch intensity rain rate of water absorption into the soil formation of a surface relief and soil erosion, uneven and shallow soaking imperfection open irrigation system at a superficial irrigation, the need for different irrigation methods in the growing and not growing periods, low coefficient land utilization, high cost of irrigation and other features are, to a certain extent in conflict with the requirements of watering cultivated with techniques for / of crops in an area at the deep groundwater.

scholarly journals Determining the quantitative parameters of the hydraulic model of combined irrigation systems based on the computer calculations algorithmization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Lytov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Computer Algorithm ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Inlet Section ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Quantitative Parameters

Purpose: development of a computer algorithm for a quantitative assessment of the hydraulic parameters of an irrigation and drainage system with the possibility of integrating different irrigation methods. Materials and methods. The design of structures for combined irrigation is based on hydraulic calculation. A feature of such systems is the ability to change irrigation methods, which is associated with a significant change in hydraulic parameters and the complication of hydraulic design of structures. Automation of hydraulic calculations based on a universal computer algorithm is the most acceptable way to solve the problem and the basis for designing combined irrigation systems. Results. A feature of the proposed algorithm for determining the quantitative parameters of the combined irrigation system is the use of a step-by-step approach followed by the formation of a generalized hydraulic screenshot of the entire structure. A screenshot of hydraulic parameters here means a quantitative assessment of hydraulic indicators for all nodal points of a structure, implemented by a calculation method for given, stationary modes of system operation. A set of this kind of static screenshots allows you to evaluate the process in dynamics, as well as to carry out comparative assessments of hydraulic parameters under different operating modes of the combined irrigation system. The algorithm offers an original way to identify objects based on the use of a linear coordinate system. The method makes it possible to organize an enumeration of the structural elements of the system and a step-by-step calculation of hydraulic parameters from the inlet section of the design segment to any given nodal point. Conclusions. The calculation results according to the proposed algorithm make it possible to form a specially organized data array, which is a set of symbolic-numeric values that determine the pressure level and water flow rate and identify them with the nodal point of the system.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for Vegetable Crop Drip Irrigation Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Clark ◽  
Allen G. Smajstrla
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Proper Design

Proper design and installation are essential to provide a drip irrigation system that can be managed with minimal inputs and maximum profit. Because drip irrigation can apply precise amounts of water and chemicals, constraints associated with the plants, soil, water supply, and management must be considered in the design, installation, and management processes.

scholarly journals Water Management for Sustainable Irrigation Systems Using Internet-of-Things

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Glória ◽  
Carolina Dionisio ◽  
Gonçalo Simões ◽  
João Cardoso ◽  
Pedro Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
End User ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Poor Management

This paper introduces a new way of managing water in irrigation systems, which can be applied to gardens or agricultural fields, replacing human intervention with Wireless Sensor Networks. A typical irrigation system wastes on average 30% of the water used, due to poor management and configuration. This sustainable irrigation system allows a better efficiency in the process of irrigation that can lead to savings for the end user, not only monetary but also in natural resources, such as water and energy, leading to a more sustainable environment. The system can retrieve real time data and use them to determinate the correct amount of water to be used in a garden. With this solution, it is possible to save up to 34% of water when using sensor data from temperature, humidity and soil moisture, or up to 26% when using only temperature inputs. Besides a detailed system architecture, this paper includes a real case scenario implementation and results discussion.

scholarly journals Erzurum Daphan Sulama Birliği Birinci ve ikinci Etap Sulama Şebekesinin Performansının Değerlendirilmesi (2012-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Fatih Mehmet Kızıloğlu ◽  
Üstün Şahin ◽  
Serap Diler ◽  
Semih Öztaşkın
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Water Fee ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation

This study was carried out to evaluate the irrigation system performance of the first and second stage irrigation areas of Daphan Plain, which is constructed and transferred to Daphan Irrigation Association by The State Hydraulic Works in Daphan Irrigation Project area for the years 2012-2016. As a result of the research, it was determined that the annual net water supply ratio was between 7.10 and 9.90 for the real plant production area and 2.19 to 2.60 per year for the total schemes area which was ready to irrigation applications. The net water supply ratios were ranged from 3.20 to 4.20 for irrigated land while it was varied from 0.93 to 1.10 on the condition of whole area were planted. Sustainable irrigation area ratio is realized between 24.53% and 33.15% and the ratio of realized production values are between 19.34% and 26.13%. While the profitability ratio is between 4.30 and 9.28, the financial efficiency ratio is between 17.69% and 46.82% and the financial sufficiency ratio is between 106% and 145%, the collection rate of irrigation water fee is between 20.66% and 34.37%.

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