scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI KELAPA DENGAN METODE KERING

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesung Allo Padang ◽  
Mirmanto Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Result Show

Producing biodiesel by dry method has been conducted in the Laboratory of Energy Conversion, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University. In the conventional method, coconut flesh is scrabbed and then squizzed to separate the coconut milk then from this milk obtained oil. In dry method, the flesh is cut in to small pieces then cook in the sealed container.Its vapor is collected , condensated and eventually oil is produced.By transesterification process biodiesel is obtained. The combination of metanol : coconut oil is varied as follow :10 (K0), 1:10 (K10), 2:10 (K20), dan 3:10 (K30). Biodiesel produced is then tested to evaluate its specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value.The result show that increased methanol concentration reduced specific gravity,kinematic viscosity,flash point and calorifiec value. Specific gravity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 in the transesterification process are 0.864, 0.851, 0.849, and 0.843, respectively. Kinematic viscosity for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 5.65 mm2/s, 4.80 mm2/s, 4.29 mm2/s, and 3.52 mm2/s, respectively. Flash point for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 62.330C, 58.670C, 54.670C, and 520C. Calorifiec value for K0, K10, K20, and K30 are 19601.842 Btu/lb, 19105.375 Btu/lb, 17803.337 Btu/lb, and 16548.844 Btu/lb.

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

Using Articulate Virtual Laboratories in Teaching Energy Conversion at the U.S. Naval Academy

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
The United States ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
United States Naval Academy ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Engineering Department

The Mechanical Engineering Department at the United States Naval Academy is currently evaluating a new teaching method which implements the use of a computer software. Utilizing the thermodynamic based software CyclePad, Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) is incorporated in an advanced energy conversion course (EM443) for Mechanical Engineering students. The use of the CyclePad software enhances lectures and aids students in visualization and design.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA MELALUI PROSES TRANS-ESTERIFIKASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardi Pardi ◽  
Satriananda Satriananda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Natural Plants

Ethyl ester and gliserol produce by reacting coconut oil with ethanol. Ethyl ester also called biodiesel, because it has a close characteristic with diesel oil. The source of biodiesel come from natural plants that contain oil. This research used trans-esterification method to produce biodiesel from coconut oil. Reaction held by varying temperatur at 60oC, 70oC and 80 oC and mol ratio of coconut oil to ethanol varying from 1 : 3, 1 : 5 to 1 : 7. The result shows the range of kinematic viscosity laying between 1,498 – 1,650 cm2/s, density range 0,809 – 0,812 gr/cm3 and flash point range 78 – 79 oC. Maximum yield 64 % ethyl ester reach at mol ratio coconut oil to ethanol 1: 7 and reaction temperature 70oC.Key words : biodiesel, trans-esterification reaction, coconut oil and ethyl ester.

Electrophysical properties of mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic ester dielectric liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
M. N. Lyutikova ◽  
S. M. Korobeynikov ◽  
A. A. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Dielectric Loss Tangent ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Insulating Properties

Power transformers are key equipment in power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. The reliability of power transformers is based on the performance of the insulation system, which includes solid cellulose insulation and a liquid dielectric. Modern power engineering requires liquid insulation to have excellent insulating properties, high fire resistance, and biodegradability. Mineral oil that has been in use for over 100 years does not meet certain requirements. Therefore, various methods of enhancing the insulating properties of the oil are currently being considered, including mixing it with other liquid dielectrics, which have excellent properties. Synthetic and natural esters are considered as alternative fluids.This article discusses the possibility of enhancing the insulating characteristics of mineral oil with a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons (for example, T-750 oil) by mixing it with synthetic ester Midel 7131. Assessment is given of insulating parameters of the resulting mixtures with an ester fraction in mineral oil from 0% to fifty%. The main characteristics of the mixtures are described, such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, dielectric loss tangent, relative dielectric permittivity, breakdown voltage, and moisture content. It is shown that with an increase in the proportion of ester, some parameters of the obtained insulating liquid improve (flash point, dielectric constant, breakdown voltage), while values of other parameters (density, kinematic viscosity, dielectric loss tangent) with an ester content of more than 10% in the mixture do not meet the requirements for mineral oils.

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel from babassu oil using methanol-ethanol blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fernando Carvalho Silva ◽  
Kiany Sirley Brandão Cavalcante ◽  
Hilton Costa Louzeiro ◽  
Katia Regina Marques Moura ◽  
Adeilton Pereira Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Maranhão state in Brazil presents a big potential for the cultivation of several oleaginous species, such as babassu, soybean, castor oil plant, etc... These vegetable oils can be transformed into biodiesel by the transesterification reaction in an alkaline medium, using methanol or ethanol. The biodiesel production from a blend of these alcohols is a way of adding the technical and economical advantages of methanol to the environmental advantages of ethanol. The optimized alcohol blend was observed to be a methanol/ethanol volume ratio of 80 % MeOH: 20 % EtOH. The ester content was of 98.70 %, a value higher than the target of the ANP, 96.5 % (m/m), and the biodiesel mass yield was of 95.32 %. This biodiesel fulfills the specifications of moisture, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and percentages of free alcohols (methanol plus ethanol) and free glycerin.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production and Characterization from Used Vegetable Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
C.A. Odega ◽  
G.T. Anguruwa ◽  
C.O. Fakorede
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

Biodiesel is a fuel produced from renewable resources; it is a clean alternative fuel, which has drawn the attention of energy researchers for the last two decades due to the disturbing effect of climate change caused by diesel fuel. This paper focuses on showcasing the qualities of biodiesel produced from used vegetable oil and the positive impact on the alarming change in climate today. This paper presents an experimental investigation on production of biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) gotten from a road side bean cake (akara) seller. The oil that was intended to be thrown out was de-odoured and filtered to remove impurities. The filtered oil was then used for biodiesel production and characterized with physical and fuel properties such as density, viscosity, cloud point, refractive index, specific gravity, ash content, moisture content, flash point and cloud point. The results obtained were afterwards compared to ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN (Europe’s) international standards. Two biodiesels samples were produced at different temperatures but the same timings. The biodiesel were produced at 700C at 40mins (biodiesel A) and 1000C at 40mins (biodiesel B) with values of specific gravity (0.98 kg/m3; 0.90 kg/m3), density (936kg/m3; 882kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (1.5mm/s2; 5.5 mm/s2), cloud point (150C; 20C), flash point (2600C min; 2000C min), moisture content (0.07%; 0.04%), refractive index (1.4609; 1.4398) and ash point (0.24%; 0.01%) respectively. On comparison, biodiesel A couldn’t match up to the international standards while biodiesel matched up to the standards given.

scholarly journals Analisis Kebutuhan: Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Padlet di Teknik Mesin Universitas Islam Riau

GERAM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Fauzul Etfita ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
English Language ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Academic Year

Teaching materials are a set of tools or facilities that contain materials, methods and evaluations used by teachers or lecturers in learning. So far, the teaching materials released by several developers have rarely been in accordance with the needs of Mechanical Engineering students, where some of the teaching materials available still use general English. In this study, in order to compile an appropriate teaching material, researchers have conducted a needs analysis. Needs analysis is a fundamental aspect for English language lecturers for specific purposes (ESP) in identifying information or the main needs of students and investigating areas of student shortages. In line with this statement, this research is a case study design that aims to determine the needs of mechanical engineering students in learning English through Padlet at the Faculty of Engineering in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data in this study were collected from researcher observations, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 40 students and two English language lecturers in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The results revealed that speaking and writing are the main focus of English skills in the Mechanical Engineering department and listening along with reading are the next English skills needed than others.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING OF PERSONAL LEADERSHIP LEARNING MODEL FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Dana Rizki Nur Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
School Students ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Personal Leadership ◽  
Development Approach

This study was aimed at developing and investigating the feasibility of the personal leadership learning model for vocational students in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Program. The personal leadership learning model used in this study is a learning model adapted from Scouller's personal leadership model. The subjects in this study were students of class X of the Mechanical Engineering Department of 2017/2018 and the teachers, while the object of research was the personal leadership model. Research and development approach was used in this study with the development procedure including data collection and analysis, initial product development, validation, product testing, revision, and final product. The data were gathered by interviews, observations, and survey. The data then were analyzed using qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study produce a personal leadership learning model which is declared by material experts and expert learning models, as a feasible and applicable model. Personal leadership learning model is effective in improving students' activity, especially in asking or giving opinion.PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PERSONAL LEADERSHIP PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUANPenelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan menguji kelayakan model pembelajaran personal leadership untuk siswa SMK Program Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan. Model pembelajaran personal leadership yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini merupakan model pembelajaran yang diadaptasi dari model personal leadership menurut Scouller. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan 2017/2018 dan Guru SMK, sedangkan objek penelitian adalah model personal leadership. Pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (Research & Development) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan prosedur pengembangan mencakup analisis dan pengumpulan data, pengembangan produk awal, validasi, uji coba produk, revisi, dan produk akhir. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan survei. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran personal leadership yang dikembangkan dinyatakan sangat layak oleh ahli materi dan ahli model pembelajaran, serta dinyatakan dapat diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran oleh siswa dan guru. Model pembelajaran personal leadership efektif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas siswa, terutama dalam aktivitas bertanya atau berpendapat.

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