scholarly journals Penggunaan Pestisida Nabati Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna Sinensis L.) untuk Mengurangi Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan di Desa Gunung Selamat, Kec. Bilah Hulu, Kab. Labuhanbatu

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jujuaningsih Jujuaningsih ◽  
Khairul Rizal ◽  
Yudi Triyanto ◽  
Widya Lestari ◽  
Dahrul Aman Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Secondary Chemical

Vegetable pesticides are pesticides whose active ingredients come from plants and other organic materials that control pest attacks on plants, containing many bioactive compounds such as phenolic, alkaloid compounds and also other secondary chemical substances. Papayas are plants originating from Central America. Papaya can grow well in areas that are in tropical climates. Some of the ingredients contained in papaya leaves include papain enzymes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannis. All of the content contained in papaya leaves, the papain enzyme is the most abundant chemical content in papaya leaves because it comes from papaya sap.

scholarly journals Characterization of functional components flour epicarp papaya (Carica papaya L) as a source of natural pigments

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Viviana Andrea Velasco Arango ◽  
John Edwin Sotelo Barbosa ◽  
Luis Eduardo Ordoñez Santos ◽  
José Igor Hleap Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Functional Components

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is some fruit rich in antioxidants and an important source for obtaining bioactive compounds. Its production, worldwide for the year 2017, was 13.3 million tons. In its industrial processing is obtained approximately between 15 and 20%, in relation to the weight of the fruit, of husks or epicarp, which are likely to be used in order to obtain organic compounds such as carotenoids and polyphenols, among others, contributing, in addition, to mitigate the effects on the environment, since generally, these shells are thrown into landfills of solid waste, generating serious problems of environmental pollution. The objective of this research was to characterize physicochemically the carotenoid pigments obtained from the papaya epicarp. A papaya epicarp flour was processed and it was determined, both in it and in the fresh epicarp, pH, titratable acidity, moisture content and dry matter. Likewise, the carotenoid content, the antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed high values for physicochemical parameters. The content of carotenoid compounds for the fractions of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, Zeaxanthin and lycopene ranged between 8,587 and 4,070 mg/100g of epicarp, with the highest value corresponding to β-cryptoxanthin and the lowest value the lycopene fraction. The antioxidant activity, expressed as inhibition of the DPPH radical, gave a value of 58.77 ± 3.038 IC50 mg/ml. The content of phenolic compounds measured in mg of gallic acid equivalents/g gave a result of 24.948 ± 0.728. The data obtained allow us to conclude that said flour can be used as a source of bioactive compounds and natural pigments both in the food industry and in the technical and pharmaceutical industries.

Paracoccus marginatus. [Distribution map].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Central America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae Feeds on many hosts but prefers cassava (Manihot esculenta) and pawpaw (Carica papaya). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Barthelemy, St Kitts-Nevis, United States Virgin Islands.

scholarly journals Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine W. Schubert ◽  
James C. Chatters ◽  
Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales ◽  
Joshua X. Samuels ◽  
Leopoldo H. Soibelzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Great American Biotic Interchange ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Natural Trap ◽  
Shed Light

The Great American Biotic Interchange is considered to be a punctuated process, primarily occurring during four major pulses that began approximately 2.5 Ma. Central America and southeastern Mexico have a poor fossil record of this dynamic faunal history due to tropical climates. Exploration of submerged caves in the Yucatán, particularly the natural trap Hoyo Negro, is exposing a rich and remarkably well-preserved late Pleistocene fauna. Radiometric dates on megafauna range from approximately 38 400–12 850 cal BP, and extinct species include the ursid Arctotherium wingei and canid Protocyon troglodytes . Both genera were previously thought to be indigenous to and confined to South America and appear to represent an instance of large placental mammals, descended from North American progenitors, migrating back north across the Panama Isthmus. This discovery expands the distribution of these carnivorans greater than 2000 km outside South America. Their presence along with a diverse sloth assemblage suggests a more complex history of these organisms in Middle America. We suggest that landscape and ecological changes caused by latest Pleistocene glaciation supported an interchange pulse that included A. wingei , P. troglodytes and Homo sapiens .

Rotylenchulus parvus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Central America ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rotylenchulus parvus (Williams) Sher Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae Hosts: Wide host range, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), maize (Zea mays), papaya (Carica papaya), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), also other Poaceae and Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Cyprus, ASIA, India, Haryana, Iran, Pakistan, AFRICA, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Dominican Republic, United States Virgin Islands, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Tasmania.

Asperisporium caricae. [Distribution map].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Asperisporium caricae (Speg.). Maubl. Hosts: Papaw (Carica papaya). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Bermuda, Mexico, USA (Fla, Tex.), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.

Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata (=Vigna sinensis). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot of Phaseolus and Vigna. At first lesions appear as small purplish brown or chocolate spots with distinct margins. With the progress of infection spots enlarge, occasionally coalesce, turn reddish-brown and become rounded or irregular reaching up to 1 cm wide with lighter or whitish centres. Older lesions become distinct on both surfaces with distinct margins prominent on the upper surfaces with pycnidia scattered within the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador) South America (? Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Little information exists on natural infection and how the disease spreads in the field. It is possible that conidia could be dispersed by water splash and the fungus might survive in crop debris left from previous years.

Mycosphaerella caricae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella caricae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya. DISEASE: Fruit rot, leaf spot and stem rot of pawpaw. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, USA (Hawaii), Papua New Guinea, West Irian. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, by water splash and contact through natural wounds.

Anti-inflammatory effects of cowpea (Vigna sinensis K.) seed extracts and its bioactive compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Tae Hoon Lee ◽  
En-Ji Cui ◽  
Nam-In Baek ◽  
Seong Gil Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Seed Extracts

scholarly journals Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and wound healing properties of Carica papaya leaves extract

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
H.H. Soib ◽  
H.F. Ismail ◽  
H. Yaakob ◽  
M.K.H. Idris ◽  
A. Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Extraction Solvents

Carica papaya is a well-known plant that has been reported to exert various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and wound healing properties. However, to date, the lack of scientific evidence has been explored on the efficiency of the solvents towards C. papaya extract as a potential wound healer. The selection of proper extraction solvent plays a pivotal role in extracting the bioactive compounds from the plant. Therefore, the present study was aimed to examine the effect of three types of extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) on the antioxidant activity and wound healing potential of C. papaya leaves. In this study, the effect of different solvents of C. papaya leaves extracts were determined through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, cytotoxicity assay and scratch migration assay on Human Skin Fibroblast cells (HSF1184). The result showed that the methanolic extract of C. papaya possessed a significant antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol and aqueous extract. The result also demonstrated that methanolic extract significantly stimulates the highest migration rate of HSF1184 cell at a concentration of 3.9 µg/mL, 7.8 µg/mL and 15.6 µg/ mL (p  0.05) after 48 hrs with no cytotoxicity observed at the concentration lower than 1000 mg/mL as compared to other solvents. HPLC analysis of methanol extract identified the presence of two flavonoids (catechin, quercetin) and two phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid). The findings suggest that the methanolic extract of C. papaya is effective in fighting free radicals and it has good wound healing activities. It also has the potential to be further explored for its medicinal values owing to the abundance of bioactive compounds from the extract.

scholarly journals Active ingredients from oil by-products modulate spleen inflammatory and antioxidant response in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Ionelia Taranu ◽  
Mihail Alexandru Gras ◽  
Mihaela Habeanu ◽  
Gina Cecilia Pistol ◽  
Nicoleta Lefter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Grape Seed Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractGrape seed cakes (GSC) resulted from grape seed oil extraction represent a by-product rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibres, minerals, vitamins etc known for their beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative and immune-modulatory effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of dietary grape seed cakes bioactive compounds on several anti-inflammatory and antioxidative biomarkers in spleen of pigs during fattening phase. Twelve crossbred TOPIG hybrid fattening pigs were allocated to two experimental treatments: 1) commercial diet (control group) and 2) a diet including 5% grape seed cakes (GSC group) for 24 days. At the end of experimental period (day 24) pigs were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected and stored at –80°C until analysis. The results showed that GSC diet lowered the gene expression as well as the protein concentration of pro-inflammatory markers: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β, -52.66%, p<0.05) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ, -42.13%, p<0.05) and had a tendency to decrease that of interleukin 6 (IL-6, -13.25%), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, -9.06%) and interleukin 8 (IL-8, -11.08%) when compared to control diet confirming the anti-inflammatory properties of GSC’s active ingredients. The total splenic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase-CAT and glutathione peroxidase-GPx) were higher in spleen of pigs fed GSC diet than in control group suggesting also the antioxidative potential of GSC. The results related to the molecular mechanism showed a higher expression of gene encoding for PPAR-γ and for Nrf2 in spleen of pigs receiving the GSC diet (Fc 1.81 and 1.58) suggesting that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of this diet is probably exerted by PPAR-γ and Nrf2 pathway. Further, other percent of dietary GSC inclusion need to be investigated in order to obtain a more complex response related to biomarkers which characterise the fattening/obesity process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document