Identifikasi Sifat, Ciri, dan Jenis Tanah Utama di Pulau Lombok

TA descriptive research aimed to identify the characteristics and name of main soils in Lombok Island was carried out through field observation for soil profiles and landform and laboratory analyses for soil physical and chemical properties. The type or name of soil was defined by using The National (Indonesian) Soil Classification System (2014), Soil Taxonomy (SSS-USDA, 2014), and World Soil Reference (FAO, 2014). There were 4 main types of soil in Lombok Island, which were Litosol, Aluvial, Kambisol, and Vertisol; and a fairly developed soil in limited spots was Mediteran. Based on the soil taxonomy system, those soils were respectively equivalent to Orthents, Fluvents, Undepts, Underts, and Udalfs; whereas based on the soil system of FAO, were Leptisols, Fluvisols, Cambisols, Vertisols, and Luvisols. The main characteristics of Litosol/Orthents/Leptosols Lombok were shallow solum (< 25 cm on the rocks or lithic contacts), coarse textured (sandy), nutritionally deficient, very low CEC (< 5 cmolc.kg-) and C-organic content (< 1 %). Aluvial or Fluvents, were mainly utilized as paddy soil, consisting of several layers which it clay and C-organic content were changed irregularly with depth, CEC of top soil (Ap) was medium (5–10 cmolc.kg-), and it was relatively fertile. Kambisols or Undepts was fairly deep (consisting of 40 – 60 cm of A and B horizons,), loamy textured, fairly fertile, CEC was medium, and C-organic content was low – medium (1–2 %). Vertisol or Uderts was characterized by a significant swell-shrinking properties, clay textured, extremely hard to be cultivated, high CEC, Ca, and Mg, and relatively fertile soil. Mediteran or Udalf was a further developed soil (solum > 100 cm), clay translocation has been occurred from upper (E) to lower horizons (Bt), CEC was fair, and it was relatively fertile soil. In conclusion, the pedologic development of soils in Lombok Island was relatively slow due mainly to the low–moderate rainfall, and the soil types were dominated by Litosols, Aluvials, Kambisols, and Vertisols, and Mediteran in small area. In order to provide a complete reference for the characteristics of main soils in Lombok Island, it necessaries to define mineralogy composition through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) of the clay fractions of the soils

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Soil Morphology, Physico-chemical Properties, Classification and Potential of Selected Soils in Kenya

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v30i630193 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Anne N. Karuma

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Soil Morphology ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Very High

Four soil profiles (Yala, Galana, Baringo and Bondo) that represent different ecology, physiography and pedological variability were described to study their morphology, soil physico-chemical characteristics and to classify them using two internationally known soil classification systems. Soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory. These soils are deep to very deep (> 110 cm) and well-drained except in Galana which was imperfectly drained, with varying textures. In Bondo, the soils are moderately acid (pH 5.6 – 6). In Baringo, the soil profile is acidic (< 5.0) while in Galana moderately alkaline (pH 7.3 - 8.3) and Yala soils are moderate to strongly acid (5.1 - 5.7). The organic carbon (< 0.6%) and organic matter levels (1 – 2%) were low and decreased down the profiles in all. The soils have low to moderate fertility. The base saturation of the studied soils is rated as very high (> 80%) in Galana and Baringo and low (< 50%) in Yala and Bondo pedons. The soils are non-saline as indicated by the low values of electrical conductivity (< 1.7dS/m) in the pedons. The soils are non-sodic (ESP < 6%) in Bondo and Yala, however moderately sodic (ESP 11-15%) in Galana and Baringo. Ochric horizon was the main diagnostic epipedon while ferralic, argillic and cambic horizons were the diagnostic B horizons. According to USDA Soil Taxonomy, the soils were classified as Typic Haplustox (Yala), Typic Haplocalcids (Galana), Typic Eutrudepts (Baringo) and Plinthic Haplustults (Bondo) corresponding to Haplic Ferralsols, Luvic Calcisols, Haplic Cambisol and Cutanic Plinthic Acrisols in the WRB for Soil Resources. The general fertility of the soils of the areas is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints.

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The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1459-1465

Author(s):

Xuedong Feng ◽

Jing Yi ◽

Peng Luo

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

No Oxidation ◽

Test Results ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Storage Performance ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Al2o3 Catalyst

AbstractWith the purpose of studying the influence of NO/O2 on the NOx storage activity, a Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by an acid-aided sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The results showed that the composition of the catalyst was well-crystallized and the crystalline size of CeO2 (111) was about 5.7 nm. The mechanism of NO and NO2 storage and NOx temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD) experiments were investigated to evaluate the NOx storage capacity of the catalyst. Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst presented the supreme NOx storage performance at 350℃, and the maximum value reached to 668.8 μmol / gcat. Compared with O2-free condition, NO oxidation to NO2 by O2 had a beneficial effect on the storage performance of NOx. NO-TPD test results showed that the NOx species stored on the catalyst surface still kept relatively stable even below 350℃.

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Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-113-107 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Scott Schlorholtz ◽

Ken Bergeson ◽

Turgut Demirel

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

High Calcium ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

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Classification and assessment of agricultural potential of the lower Niger floodplain soils of Atani, Southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽

10.4314/as.v19i3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

F.C. Okenmuo ◽

C.O. Anochie ◽

M.E. Ukabiala ◽

C.L.A. Asadu ◽

P.K. Kefas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Reference Base ◽

Anambra State ◽

Agricultural Potential ◽

Capability Evaluation

The soils of Atani floodplain in Anambra State of Nigeria contribute significantly to the food production of the State, hence the need to understand their behavior in order to enhance their management and productivity. Profile pits were sited along three physiographic units viz: levee crest, levee slope and flood basin. Soil samples were collected from the profile horizons and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Characterization of the soils was based on their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Soil classification was carried out using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and correlated with FAO/IUSS World Reference Base. Its agricultural potential was assessed using the fertility capability classification. The soils were deep. Topsoil colour was dominantly blackish black (10YR 3/2). Mottles were pervasive; an indication of impeded drainage conditions. The soils were predominantly fine textured. Soil pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.2. Exchangeable Calcium was low to moderate (2.6-8.2 cmol kg−1); Magnesium was moderate to high (1.6-6.8 cmol kg−1); Sodium was high to very high (1.0-2.5 cmol kg−1), while potassium was high (1.2-4.2 cmol kg−1). Cation exchange capacity values ranged from 11.6 to 42.6 cmol kg−1. Total nitrogen was very low to low (0.14-1.12 g kg−1), while organic carbon was low to moderate (0.4-15.2 g kg−1). Available phosphorus was very low to high ranging from 0.93 to 31.71 mg kg−1 while base saturation ranged from 64 to 93%. The soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents (Typic Fluvisols), Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) and Fluventic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) according to the USDA and FAO/IUSS. The fertility capability evaluation of the soils revealed that the pedons were Lgn in classification due to limitations in drainage. Key words: alluvium, cambic horizon, Inceptisols, lithologic discontinuity

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Preparation and Melting of Zr-1.0Nb Alloy

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.578 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 869 ◽

pp. 578-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Armando Cirilo Souza ◽

J.L. Rossi ◽

P. Tsakiropoulos ◽

L.G. Martinez ◽

Carlos Roberto Grandini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Zirconium Alloys ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Permeability ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Good Homogeneity ◽

Consumable Electrodes ◽

And Chemical Properties

Zirconium alloys have many applications in industry in services too harsh for stainless steels, nickel alloys or where a noteworthy improvement in service life may be achieved, by choosing zirconium alloys instead of other metals, such as high permeability to thermal neutrons and excellent corrosion resistance in nuclear reactor environments. Mixing alloying elements, such as niobium, molybdenum, tin, titanium and tantalum, with zirconium changes its physical and chemical properties, especially its resistance to corrosion. In this study, specimens of Zr-1.0Nb alloy were obtained by melting in a furnace with non-consumable electrodes in argon atmosphere. Different samples were prepared to ensure good homogeneity of the specimens. The melting procedure was tested several times to determine the parameters that ensure proper alloy handling. These parameters include the melting point of the alloys under pressure and the current in the furnace. Using the derived melting parameters and processing parameters, it has been obtained Zr-1.0Nb alloy specimens with appropriate homogeneity, as confirmed by auxiliary characterization techniques, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. For these methods, the requirements for physicochemical properties in the nuclear sector were incorporated into the analyses.

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Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.942.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 942 ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Yulia Murashkina ◽

Olga B. Nazarenko

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

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Tuning Packing, Structural Flexibility, and Porosity in 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks by Metal Node Choice

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch19215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 797 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Witold M. Bloch ◽

Christian J. Doonan ◽

Christopher J. Sumby

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Structural Flexibility ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Metal Centre ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Understanding the key features that determine structural flexibility in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is key to exploiting their dynamic physical and chemical properties. We have previously reported a 2D MOF material, CuL1, comprising five-coordinate metal nodes that displays exceptional CO2/N2 selectively (L1=bis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolyl)methane). Here we examine the effect of utilising six-coordinate metal centres (CoII and NiII) in the synthesis of isostructural MOFs from L1, namely CoL1 and NiL1. The octahedral geometry of the metal centre within the MOF analogues precludes an ideal eclipse of the 2D layers, resulting in an offset stacking, and in certain cases, the formation of 2-fold interpenetrated analogues β-CoL1 and β-NiL1. We used a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction (PXRD and SCXRD) to show that desolvation is accompanied by a structural change for NiL1, and complete removal of the coordinated H2O ligands results in a reduction in long-range order. The offset nature of the 2D layers in combination with the structural changes impedes the adsorption of meaningful quantities of gases (N2, CO2), highlighting the importance of a five-coordinate metal centre in achieving optimal pore accessibility for this family of flexible materials.

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Synthesis and Characterization of N- Doped ZnO-γAl2O3 Nanoparticles for Photo-catalytic Application

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijcre-2019-0116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Mansouri ◽

A. Hosseinvand ◽

T. Kikhavani ◽

N. Setareshenas

Keyword(s):

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Uv Light ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Catalytic Application ◽

Photo Catalysis ◽

Doped Zno ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract In this study, photo-catalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) azo dye was examined by undoped and Ce2O3/ CuO/ N doped ZnO nanoparticles stabilized on γAl2O3. Highest photo-catalytic activity was observed for the N-doped 10 wt. % ZnO-γAl2O3 sample. One of the optimal points with the complete MO decomposition was determined at an initial concentration of 8.25 ppm, pH 3.25, catalyst loading of 0.36 g/L and 12.56 W UV-light irradiation after 120 min. Physical and chemical properties of materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) method. The experimental data were best fitted by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood approach photo-catalysis developed kinetic reaction rate in the form of $- r = 0.2797\, {I^{0.5}}\, {[Cat.]^{0.5}}\, \, [Dye]{\text{ }}/\, \, \, 1 + 0.1079\, {[Dye]_0}\, + \, 0.4086\, {I^{0.5}}\, {[Cat.]^{0.5}}$.

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Soils and relief relationships in subalpine grasslands in the Central Pyrenees (NE, Spain)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4178 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Badía-Villas ◽

Lucía Buendía-García ◽

Luis Alberto Longares-Aladrén ◽

José Luis Peña-Monné ◽

Clara Martí-Dalmau

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Calcium Content ◽

High Mountain ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Nardus Stricta ◽

Mountain Environments ◽

L1 And L2 ◽

Central Pyrenees ◽

Ne Spain

On two accumulation levels, separated by an unevenness up to 2 m, two contrasted plant communities can be differentiated in subalpine stage of the Pyrenees: the dense tussock-forming grass Nardus stricta, at the upper level (L1), and the open chalk grasslands at the lower level (L2). In order to confirm the soil-relief-grasslands relationships, we analyzed and compared soil pedogenesis and properties in both accumulation levels. In addition, we classify the soils following WRB and ST systems and we discuss the finesse of both taxonomies in these high mountain environments. The work has been carried out at 1900 masl, in the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (PNOMP), in the summer grasslands site of La Estiva (Fanlo, Central Pyrenees, NE Spain). Five soil pits were studied in every accumulation level (L1 and L2) for a side-by-side comparison.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The study of soils in the two levels of accumulation reveals a series of differences in their genesis, properties and soil classification. The accumulation of organic matter and lixiviation are the dominant edafogenetic processes in L1, to which we must add the rejuvenation by gully erosion in L2. Soils at L1 and L2 shared many physical properties as a fine granulometry, with a homogeneous particle-size distribution with depth. In both levels, the soils lack carbonates, even though limestones are the parental material. The soils in L1 have a greater thickness and, thus, a higher water holding capacity than in L2. In relation to chemical properties, soils in L1 have a significantly lower pH, a lower base saturation, and lower available calcium content than in L2, reflecting a more intense leaching process, consistent with a longer period of slope stability. Over L1 with Nardus mat-grasslands, the main soil is classified as Orthoeutric Cambisols (Clayic, Humic), and the soil over L2, with chalk-grasslands, as Hypereutric Leptosols (Loamic, Ochric). Soil taxonomy System (USDA), giving more weight to the temperature regime, classify both soils as Haplocryept, at the level of great group, separating them at the subgroup level as Typic Haplocryept (L1) and Lithic Haplocryept (L2), according to the depth at which limestone appears (lithic contact). Definitely, the microtopograhy and geomorphologic context, is linked to the pedodiversity, which goes hand in hand with plant diversity in this subalpine environment.

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