Formulation of herbal cream based on Ziziphus Mauritiana leaves extract and evaluation on physicochemical properties

Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application, as medicinal plants used in traditional and modern medicine. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves extract followed with the formulation of herbal creams based on ZM methanolic extract then evaluate the physical characteristic and stability of the creams. After the methanolic extract was obtained by using Soxhlet extraction, the extract was assessed for antioxidant activity by using stable 2,2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which showed the IC50 value of the ZM extract is 10.57 µg/ml, while IC50 value for ascorbic acid is 4.19 µg/ml. Four formulations of water in oil (w/o) emulsion based cream was formulated based on Ziziphus mauritiana leaves extract which are F1, F2, F3 and F4. Several physical properties were evaluated such as organoleptic, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, washability and emmolliency which proved that all formulations have good homogeneity, non greasy and under suitable pH and viscosity. Based on thermal stability test (45 °C ± 70 % RH, for 48 hours), it showed that F4 is not stable at high temperature compared to other formulations. Therefore, the present study indicated that the Ziziphus mauritiana leaves extract has great potential for personal care product development.

Synthesis, Characterization of ZrO2:Tb3+ (1-9 mol %) Nanophosphors for Blue Lighting Applications and Antibacterial Property

This paper reports the structural, morphological, and antibacterial studies of ZrO2:Tb3+ nanophosphors (NPs). The ZrO2:Tb3+ NPs were synthesized by hydrothermal route using Amylamine as surfactant. ZrO2:Tb3+ nanophosphors was characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction(PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence(PL), Raman spectra, Fourier Transform Infrared radiation(FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). PXRD analysis shows better crystallinity, cubic in-phase and good homogeneity of the synthesized phosphors were confirmed. When the Tb3+ concentration varies, we obtain blue emissions from ZrO2:Tb3+ NPs. ZrO2:Tb3+ NPs have a promising approach to blue light sources in the display application. SEM images show that ZrO2:Tb3+ nanophosphors have good morphology with a nonporous structure. TEM and SAED pattern confirms that ZrO2:Tb3+ nanophosphors are crystalline in nature. ZrO2:Tb3+ (9mol %) nanophosphors possessed a good antibacterial ability.

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-Inflammatory Gel

Herbal medicines is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world’s population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. Herbal medicines consist of plant or its part to treat injuries, disease or illnesses and are used to prevent and treat diseases and ailments or to promote health and healing. It is a drug or preparation made from a plant or plants and used for any to such purpose. Herbal medicines are the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Gel formulations prepared with Carbopol 934, HPMC K 100 M and Xanthan gum showed good homogeneity, no skin irritation, good stability and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the Xanthan gum based gel proved to the formula of choice, since it showed the highest percentage of extrudability, good spreadability and rheological properties. Formulation F1 and F5 showed the best formulation with significant anti-inflammatory activity. Formulation 1 and F5 shows approximately equal anti-inflammatory activity.

Structural and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy Studies of Nanosized Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 synthesized by Co-Precipitation method

The Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN-50) is Synthesis by coprecipitation method in nanoscale. TG/DTA shows the reaction and tetragonal phase formation occur at low temperatures, due to which the good homogeneity and morphology of the particles is observed. The average size of the particles was found to be ~ 45 nm. The lattice parameters is found very close to the reported values of single crystals despite method of synthesis and size of the particles. A reflectance spectrum in UV and visible regions shows less reflectance for 337nm and 519nm respectively.

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NADIFLOXACIN LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE BASED HYDROGEL

The aim of this dissertation work was to develop and characterize an optimal formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles of nadifloxacin, which would then be incorporated into hydrogel. The SLN was developed with drug nadifloxacin, which is poorly water soluble. On the basis of solubility studies (i.e. partitioning effects), the lipid and components were chosen. In this study, the two variables amount of lipid and concentration of Poloxamer 188 were studied. The EE increased as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 increased. The particle size was observed to decrease as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 was increased. The EE increased in a similar way as the amount of lipid was increased. So the purpose was to formulate hydrogel with carbopol 940 with improved drug entrapment, sufficient viscosity, good extrudability, good homogeneity and improved drug release. Hydrogels are polymers that have swelling ability in water or aqueous solvent systems. Due to their increased water content, gels can provide a better feeling for skin than other conventional dosage forms. Hydrogels are insoluble in water. They are not easily removed from the application site.

Self-passivating smart tungsten alloys for DEMO: a progress in joining and upscale for a first wall mockup

Self-passivating, so-called smart alloys are under development for a future fusion power plant. These alloys containing tungsten, chromium and yttrium must possess an acceptable plasma performance during a regular plasma operation of a power plant and demonstrate the suppression of non-desirable oxidation of tungsten in case of an accident. The up-scaling of the bulk smart alloys to the reactor-relevant sizes has begun and the first samples with a diameter of 50 mm and thickness of 5 mm became available. The samples feature high relative density of above 99% and good homogeneity. With production of bulk samples, the research program on joining the smart alloy to the structural material was initiated. In a present study, the novel titanium–zirconium–beryllium braze was applied successfully to join the smart alloy to the Rusfer-reduced-activation steel. The braze has survived at least a hundred of cyclic thermal excursions in the range of 300–600 °C without mechanical destruction.

Effects of coarse sand dosage on the physic-mechanical behavior of sand concrete

The development and research of a new formulation of concrete integrating natural resources such as sands (from dunes and/or quarries) as well as waste from steel factories in the form of granulated slag from blast furnaces lead to the development of new sand concretes for which the improvement of specific properties will lead to a search for an agreement between production cost and performance. The objective of this research is to study the influence of the dosage of the size of the largest aggregate on the workability of sand concretes as well as on the compressive strength at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. Five types of concrete are made by substituting aggregates (dune sand and quarry sand) with each other and with different percentages (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%). The results show that the workability of fresh concrete is considerably influenced by the nature of the sand; the richer the sand in coarse elements, the fineness modulus increases and the more handling improves. In the hardened state, the results show that optimization of the compressive strength is achieved when a good homogeneity of the concrete is achieved and when a large percentage of coarse sand is mixed with a small percentage of fine sand.

Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream from Moringa oleifera and Turbinaria conoides

Research on the combination of natural ingredients from brown seaweed and Moringa, to be used as sunscreen has been nothing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the best formulation from sunscreen evaluation. In this study, the ratio of Moringa oleifera and Turbinaria conoides was 1:1 (cream L), 2:1 (cream M), 1:2 (cream N), and control (no added both of natural ingredients) (cream K). The evaluation of sunscreen cream by Sun Protection Factor (SPF) activity, viscosity, pH, homogeneity, and microbial test. SPF values in this study from cream K, L, M, and N were 0.75±2.31, 17.80±0.97, 9.48±1.41, and 15.97±2.38, respectively. Viscosity values were 22,400 cPs for cream K; 32,400 cPs for cream L; 26,000 cPs for cream M; and 32,800 cPs for cream N. The pH value of sunscreen cream in cream K, L, M, N were 7.30±0.02, 6.51±0.02, 6.38±0.04, and 6.43±0.04, respectively. In all of the treatments of sunscreen cream, microbial tests are absent and have good homogeneity. The ratio of 1:1 (cream L) between M. oleifera and T. conoides has a good synergistic effect to ward off UV B light, therefore cream L is the best sunscreen cream in this study.

A Novel, Nontoxic and Scalable Process to Produce Lipidic Vehicles

Lipidic vehicles are novel industrial products, utilized as components for pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical formulations. The present study concerns a newly invented method to produce lipidic vehicles in the nanoscale that is simple, nontoxic, versatile, time-efficient, low-cost and easy to scale up. The process is a modification of the heating method (MHM) and comprises (i) providing a mixture of an amphiphilic lipid and a charged lipid and/or a fluidity regulator in a liquid medium composed of water and a liquid polyol, (ii) stirring and heating the mixture in two heating steps, wherein the temperature of the second step is higher than the temperature of the first step and (iii) allowing the mixture to cool down to room temperature. The process leads to the self-assembly of nanoparticles of small size and good homogeneity, compared with conventional approaches that require additional size reduction steps. In addition, the incorporation of bioactive molecules, such as drugs, inside the nanoparticles is possible, while lyophilization of the products provides long-term stability. Most importantly, the absence of toxic solvents and the simplicity guarantee the safety and scalability of the process, distinguishing it from most prior art processes to produce lipidic vehicles.

Literature Review Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Krim

The format of preparation cosmetic in a cream form is still popular in Indonesia, especially for the women. Because its easier to applied, and more comfortable. Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test is to compare the results of cream evaluation preparation from the previous researches, in order to get the best test results and accordance with specified conditions. The general purpose of this research is to know the results of Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test from several journals. Method This research is qualitative research which is Library research Cream evaluation preparation is a Parameters that have been established to determine the stability of cream preparation including organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test, type cream test, viscosity test, and scattering test. From the result of organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test and scattering test review have the results partial test standards, and some doesn’t. this is due to the temperature factor, excessive extract concentration and chemical reaction at the time of storage is accelerated. Whereas at the results of homogeneity test have a quite good homogeneity, and in a type cream test has A/M and M/A type cream.Keywords:Evaluation of cream preparationOrganoleptic testpH testHomogenity testType cream test ABSTRAK Bentuk sediaan kosmetik berupa krim sampai saat ini masih banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia khususnya kaum wanita karena lebih mudah diaplikasikan, lebih nyaman digunakan. Literatur Review Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Krim adalah untuk membandingkan hasil evaluasi sediaan krim dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya agar mendapatkan hasil uji yang terbaik dan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan Umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil Literatur Review uji evaluasi sediaan krim dari berberapa jurnal. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat studi pustaka (library research) yang menggunakan buku-buku dan literatur-literatur lainnya sebagai objek yang utama. Evaluasi sediaan krim adalah parameter yang telah ditetapkan untuk mengetahui kestabilan sediaan krim diantaranya uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji tipe krim, uji viskositas, dan uji Daya sebar. Hasil review uji organoleptik, pH, viksositas dan daya sebar memiliki hasil sebagian memenuhi standar uji, dan sebagian tidak memenuhi standar uji yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini dikarenakan faktor suhu, konsentrasi ekstrak yang berlebih serta reaksi kimia pada saat penyimpanan dipercepat. Sedangkan pada hasil uji homogenitas secara keseluruhan jurnal yang diuji memiliki homogenitas yang cukup baik, serta uji tipe krim yaitu memiliki tipe krim A/M dan M/AKata Kunci:Evaluasi sediaan krimUji organoleptikUji pHUji homogenitasUji tipe krim