scholarly journals SMART CACAO DRYER BERBASIS HYBRID SEBAGAI ALAT PENGERING BIJI KAKAO PADA KELOMPOK TANI TUMBUH SUBUR

Pro Food ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Zamzami Zamzami ◽  
Rangga Alif Faresta ◽  
Sindi Nopita Agustina ◽  
Adi Septiawan ◽  
Alan Maulana Karisma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Drainage Problem ◽  
Farmer Groups

ABSTRACT   Lembah Sampage village, has cacao potential carried out by Tumbuh Subur farmer Group. The data from International Cacao Organizations (ICO) approximates cacao production in the world in 2017 will achieve 4,50 millions tons. Besides, cacao consumption will achieve 4,51 millions tons, so there will be deficit production approximately 10 thousands tons for a year. Cacao optimization is being such a challenge for this farmer group. Drainage problem has dominated in some farmer groups. Weather and climate change often disturb their productivity. Hence, they need dryer tool to solve their problems. Therefore, research is done to stake out prototype of the dryer tool based on hybrid by using electric energy and sun's rays, which is called Smart Cacao Dryer. This research is supposed to create dryer tool which is able to use without considering weather and climate change but it creates cacao seeds which is appropriate to Indonesia national standard. Methods used are designing, assembling, examining, socializing, mentoring, and evaluating the tool. Cacao seeds result dried by using smart cacao dryer showed the same result as Indonesia National standard. The increase of product efficiency showed by the kg on 3-4 day for 4 hours with 400 persentage with 93,5 reduction time.   Keywords: smart cacao dryer, cacao seeds, Tanah Subur Farmer group.   ABSTRAK   Desa Lembah Sempage memilki potensi  kakao yang dikelola oleh Kelompok Tani Tumbuh Subur. Data International Cacao Organization (ICCO) memperkirakan produksi kakao dunia pada tahun 2017 akan mencapai 4,50 juta ton, sementara konsumsi akan mencapai 4,51 juta ton, sehingga akan terjadi defisit produksi sekitar 10 ribu ton per tahun. Pengoptimalan kakao menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi kelompok tani Tumbuh Subur, permasalahan pengeringan masih mendominasi di sebagian kelompok tani, perubahan cuaca, iklim sering menghambat produktivitas mereka. Sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah alat pengeringan yang mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian untuk merancang prototipe alat pengering kakao berbasis hybrid, dengan penggunaan energy listrik dan sinar matahari yang diberi nama Smart Cacao Dryer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan alat pengering yang mampu digunakan tanpa memperhatikan perubahan cuaca, iklim namun memiliki kualitas biji  kakao yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu perancangan alat, perakitan alat, pengujian, sosialisasi, mentoring dan evaluasi.. Hasil biji kakao yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan alat Smart Cacao Dryer menunjukan hasil yang sama dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Peningkatan  efisiensi produk di tunjukkan  dengan  adanya  peningkatan kapasitas  produksi  dari 4 kg selama 3-4 hari menjadi 1 6 kg selama 4 jam dengan persentase 400% dengan pengurangan waktu 93,5%.   Kata Kunci : Smart Cacao Dryer, Biji Kakao, Kelompok Tani Tumbuh Subur,

scholarly journals Do Farmers Adapt to Climate Change? A Macro Perspective

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Alvi ◽  
Faisal Jamil ◽  
Roberto Roson ◽  
Martina Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cereal Yields

Greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change, and agriculture is the most vulnerable sector. Farmers do have some capability to adapt to changing weather and climate, but this capability is contingent on many factors, including geographical and socioeconomic conditions. Assessing the actual adaptation potential in the agricultural sector is therefore an empirical issue, to which this paper contributes by presenting a study examining the impacts of climate change on cereal yields in 55 developing and developed countries, using data from 1991 to 2015. The results indicate that cereal yields are affected in all regions by changes in temperature and precipitation, with significant differences in certain macro-regions in the world. In Southern Asia and Central Africa, farmers fail to adapt to climate change. The findings suggest that the world should focus more on enhancing adaptive capacity to moderate potential damage and on coping with the consequences of climate change.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Transport Infrastructures: State of the Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Moretti ◽  
Giuseppe Loprencipe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World

Transport infrastructures are lifelines: They provide transportation of people and goods, in ordinary and emergency conditions, thus they should be resilient to increasing natural disasters and hazards. This work presents several technologies adopted around the world to adapt and defend transport infrastructures against effects of climate change. Three main climate change challenges have been examined: Air temperatures variability and extremization, water bombs, and sea level rise. For each type of the examined phenomena the paper presents engineered, and architectural solutions adopted to prevent disasters and protect citizens. In all cases, the countermeasures require deeper prediction of weather and climate conditions during the service life of the infrastructure. The experience gained supports the fact that strategies adopted or designed to contrast the effects of climate change on transport infrastructures pursue three main goals: To prevent the damages, protect the structures, and monitor and communicate to users the current conditions. Indeed, the analyses show that the ongoing climate change will increase its impact on transport infrastructures, exposing people to unacceptable risks. Therefore, prevention and protection measures shall be adopted more frequently in the interest of collective safety.

Climate normals and climate change: how to communicate these together?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Bessembinder ◽  
Bernadet Overbeek ◽  
Peter Siegmund
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Meteorological Institute

<p>Meteorological institutes all over the world are publishing new “climate normals” in 2021, as prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization. These “climate normals”, averages over the period 1991-2020, generally have higher temperatures than the previous climate normals over the period 1981-2010 or earlier 30-year periods. As a consequence, in weather forecasts from 2021 the expected temperatures for the coming days and weeks are less often “above normal”, compared to earlier years. In the Netherlands there has been already a lot of discussion about these “climate normals”. Several people, including climate researchers and weather providers, object to them, since they say that these “normals” obscure climate change. Especially the word “normals” is what bothers them, since the current state of the climate should not be considered normal. At KNMI we understand this problem, although we also see the importance of providing regular updates of the description of the “current” climate. Many aspects in society are designed and operated taking into account the averages and extremes in the current climate. Climate is an important aspect in almost any sector, from water management, agriculture to super markets and theme parks. Several visualizations (climate dashboard and weather and climate plume) are developed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) that combine information on “climate normals”, past and future climate change and weather forecasts.</p><p>During the presentation examples of the above described visualizations are shown and the advantages and disadvantages are described. Suggestions are presented on how to communicate about “climate normals” and climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Unprecedented Climate Change in India and a Three-Pronged Method for Reliable Weather and Climate Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao ◽  
Karumuri Ashok ◽  
Dandu Govardhan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Climate Forecasting ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne

India, one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, has suffered severe economic losses as well as life losses as per the World Focus report.1 More than 80% of its land and more than 50 million of its people are affected by weather disasters. Disaster mitigation necessitates reliable future predictions, which need focused climate change research. From the climate change perspective, the summer monsoon, the main lifeline of India, is predicted to change very adversely. The duration of the rainy season is going to shrink, and pre-monsoon drying can also occur. These future changes can impact the increase of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, and others. In another recent study, 29 world experts from various institutions found that the largest exposure to disasters, such as tropical cyclones (TCs), river floods, droughts, and heat waves, is over India. For improved and skillful prediction, we suggest a three-stage cumulative method, namely, K is for observational analysis, U is for knowledge and understanding, and M is for modeling and prediction. In this brief note, we report our perspective of imminent weather disasters to India, namely, monsoons and TCs, and how the weather and climate forecasting can be improved, leading to better climate change adaptation.

The World Economic Forum Principles on "Climate Governance on Corporate Boards": can soft law help to face climate change around the world?

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Climate change is a financial factor that carries with it risks and opportunities for companies. To support boards of directors of companies belonging to all jurisdictions, the World Economic Forum issued in January 2019 eight Principlescontaining both theoretical and practical provisions on: climate accountability, competence, governance, management, disclosure and dialogue. The paper analyses each Principle to understand scope and managerial consequences for boards and to evaluate whether the legal distinctions, among the various jurisdictions, may undermine the application of the Principles or, by contrast, despite the differences the Principles may be a useful and effective guidance to drive boards' of directors' conduct around the world in handling climate change challenges. Five jurisdictions are taken into consideration for this comparative analysis: Europe (and UK), US, Australia, South Africa and Canada. The conclusion is that the WEF Principles, as soft law, is the best possible instrument to address boards of directors of worldwide companies, harmonise their conduct and effectively help facing such global emergency.

How Can Latin America Help the World to Cope with Climate Change?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Galiani ◽  
Manuel Puente ◽  
Federico Weinschelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The World

North Atlantic Oscillation; a Climatic Indicator to Predict Hydropower Availability in Scandinavia

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia B. Uvo ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
The World ◽  
Hydropower Production ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Climate variability and climate change are of great concern to economists and energy producers as well as environmentalists as both affect the precipitation and temperature in many regions of the world. Among those affected by climate variability is the Scandinavian Peninsula. Particularly, its winter precipitation and temperature are affected by the variations of the so-called North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of the influence of NAO over Scandinavia. This analysis is a first step to establishing a predictive model, driven by a climatic indicator such as NAO, for the available water resources of different regions in Scandinavia. Such a tool would be valuable for predicting potential of hydropower production one or more seasons in advance.

A CMT Device for Electric Energy Meter Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zeng ◽  
Yongfu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Detection Technology

Background: Detection technology is a product development technique that serves as a basis for quality assurance. As electric energy meters (EEMs) are measurement instruments whose use is mandatory in several nations, their accuracy, which directly depends on their reliability and proper functioning, is paramount. In this study, to eliminate electromagnetic interference, a device is developed for testing a set of EEMs under a constant magnetic field interference. The detection device can simultaneously test 6 electric meters; moreover, in the future, it will be able to measure the influence of magnetic field strength on the measurement accuracy of EEMs, thereby improving the production efficiency of electric meter manufacturers. Methods: In this study, we first design a 3D model of the detection device for a single meter component; then, we establish a network, which includes a control system, and perform the planning of the path of a block that generates a constant magnetic field. Finally, we control the three-axis motion and rotation of the block using a PLC to implement detection for the five sides of the EEM. Results & Discussion: The proposed device can accurately determine whether an EEM can adequately function, within the error range prescribed by a national standard, under electromagnetic interference; this can enable reliable, automatic testing and fault detection for EEMs. Experiments show that our device can decrease the labor cost for EEM manufacturers.

Global Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Caney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
World Trade ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change

In recent years, a number of powerful arguments have been given for thinking that there should be suprastate institutions, and that the current ones, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and United Nations Security Council, need to be radically reformed and new ones created. Two distinct kinds of argument have been advanced. One is instrumental and emphasizes the need for effective suprastate political institutions to realize some important substantive ideals (such as preventing dangerous climate change, eradicating poverty, promoting fair trade, and securing peace). The second is procedural and emphasizes the importance of political institutions that include all those subject to their power in as democratic a process as possible, and builds on this to call for democratically accountable international institutions. In this chapter, the author argues that the two approaches need not conflict, and that they can in fact lend support to each other.

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