scholarly journals HEPATITIS B, C & HIV

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 632-636
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD FAYYAZ ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Khan ◽  
MASROOR ALI QAZI ◽  
Ghulam Mohyud Din `Chaudhary ◽  
GULZAR AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Past History ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Anti Hiv

Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in healthyblood donors in Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Design: Prospective observationalstudy. Setting: Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medicalCollege Bahawalpur. Period: From 1 January t st o 31st December 2005. Methods and Materials: All the personscoming for blood donations , at the BVH facility, were included. Clinically anaemic, ill, past history of jaundice and ageof less than 18 or more than 50 years were excluded. All the donors (27938) from various areas of Bahawalpur,Bahawalnagar, Lodhran, Vehari and Rahim Yar Khan districts, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)Antigen, hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) & Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Antibody (Anti-HIV)on sera by one StepTest Device. All the positives cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Out of total27938, 25420(91%) were male. Mean age was 28 years with age range 18-50. No HIV positive case was detected.HBV was 2.69%, slightly more than HCV, 2.52%. Males were significantly (p<0.02) more infected than females.Conclusion: Risk of transmission of viral hepatitis is a major problem of blood transfusion. Frequency of viral hepatitisin blood donors is higher in our area as compared to rest of the world. HIV infection is very low. Preventive strategiesinclude good blood transfusion services along with safe sex and other measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus amongst patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Adamu ◽  
Faruk Kuta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem globally and accounts for about one million deaths worldwide annually. This study determined the seroprevalence, distribution of HBV infection, and factors associated with the infection amongst patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State. A total of 500 blood samples were collected from five selected hospitals in Niger state. The samples were screened using Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test kit for the qualitative detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in serum. Prevalence of Hepatitis B infection was 13.0% cumulatively in the study area. Female participants had a higher prevalence (6.8%) of HBsAg infection compared to their male counterparts with 6.2%. Participants within the 41- 50 years’ age group recorded a higher rate of infection (5.2%), while those ≥ 50 years had a lower prevalence of (2.3%). The civil servants had a higher percentage prevalence of 6.4% followed by housewives and the least was observed with participants who are students. Patients without a history of blood transfusion recorded a higher percentage prevalence (7.8%) compared to those with a history of blood transfusion (5.2%). The results reveal that participants with polygamous family types recorded a higher prevalence of HBV infection (11.4%) compared to those belonging to the monogamous type (1.6%). The results obtained from this study suggest that HBV is in circulation in the study areas; thus necessitating more awareness campaigns among the general population about HBV and its modes of transmission and associated risk factors

scholarly journals Seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C among Syrian Multitransfused Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e2016046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widad Yazaji ◽  
Wafa Habbal ◽  
Fawza Monem
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Window Period ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay

Background and objectives: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, the need of frequent transfusion carries the risk of transmitting hepatitis B and C infections which are intermediately prevalent in Syria. Despite screening blood donations with sensitive methods, the risk of transmission is still present when infectious blood is donated within the window period. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of HBV and HCV seropositivity, and its association with multiple transfusions among Syrian hemoglobinopathies patients.Materials and Methods: HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV were tested for 159 Syrian multitransfused patients by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA).Results: Thirty-nine of 159 (24.5%) multitransfused patients were HBsAg/anti-HBc or anti-HCV positive, 26 (16%) of which never visited the dentist, and they either tested postsurgically negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV or never underwent a surgical procedure. On the contrary of anti-HCV seropositivity, HBsAg/anti-HBc seropositivity was significantly associated with the number of blood transfusions, number of blood units and age (P < 0.001).Conclusion: About one-sixth of our patients most likely acquired HBV/HCV infection via blood transfusion. Administering HBV vaccine, ensuring the immune status, and monitoring hepatitis markers might considerably minimize the incidence of viral hepatitis among multitransfused patients.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seropositivity and Low Body Weight Are Correlated with Asymptomatic Neutropenia In the Thai Population

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4751-4751
Author(s):  
Panisinee Lawasut ◽  
Thanyaphong Na Nakorn ◽  
Ponlapat Rojnuckarin ◽  
Tanin Intragumtornchai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Hiv

Abstract Abstract 4751 Background The etiology of asymptomatic neutropenia is unknown. We have conducted a community-based study to determine predisposing factors for asymptomatic neutropenia in the Thai population. Method Blood specimens and self-report questionnaires (filled out with assistance from medical personnel) were collected from individuals in Bangkok and 4 surrounding provinces. Asymptomatic neutropenia was defined by an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1.5 × 109/liter, in the absence of any symptoms or known risk factors. Patients with a history of malignancy were excluded. Subjects that met this criterion for neutropenia were examined for the presence of anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), thyroid dysfunction, reduced serum ferritin, and reduced serum vitamin B12 and folate; this panel of laboratory tests was also done on control subjects (4 controls for every 1 neutropenic case – see below), which were picked at random from the normal population and were matched for age, sex, site of survey, and underlying disease. Odd ratios (OR) were then computed for significant risk factors. Results Overall, 7,180 individuals were included; 28 had neutropenia (0.39%, 95% CI 0.25–0.53). Based on answers to the questionnaire, the only factor correlating with neutropenia was low body weight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, p = 0.015); age, sex, site and period of survey, underlying disease, medications, herbal ingestion, food supplement, radiation exposure, family history of hematologic disease, alcohol consumption, history of drug abuse or exposure to chemical substance had no significant association with neutropenia. Additional tests on 25 of the neutropenic cases revealed positive findings for HBsAg (20%), anti-HCV antibody (12%), ANA (16%), RF (4%), hypothyroidism (4%), hyperthyroidism (14%) and hypoferritinemia (24%); none showed anti-HIV positivity, or low levels of serum vitamin B12 and folate. Of the 100 normal controls, 4% showed seropositive for HBsAg. HBsAg positivity was thus the significant risk factor associated with neutropenia (OR 6.0, 95%CI 1.48–24.34, p = 0.012). Conclusion HBsAg seropositivity is strongly associated with asymptomatic neutropenia in the Thai population. Low body weight is also correlated with the disorder, perhaps as a result of subtle nutritional deficiencies. Possible mechanisms that underlie neutropenia are currently being explored. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Occupational Sharp Injury and Splash Exposure among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Mathew ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Ankit Sahu ◽  
Rachana Bhat ◽  
Akshaya Ramaswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody

Abstract Background Occupational hazards like sharp injury and splash exposure (SISE) are frequently encountered in health-care settings. The adoption of standard precautions by healthcare workers (HCWs) has led to significant reduction in the incidence of such injuries, still SISE continues to pose a serious threat to certain groups of HCWs. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study which examined the available records of all patients from January 2015 to August 2019 who self-reported to our emergency department with history of sharp injury and/or splash exposure. Details of the patients, mechanism of injury, the circumstances leading to the injury, status of the source (hepatitis B surface antigen, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus antibody status), and the postexposure prophylaxis given were recorded and analyzed. Data were represented in frequency and percentages. Results During the defined period, a total of 834 HCWs reported with SISE, out of which 44.6% were doctors. Majority of the patients have SISE while performing medical procedures on patients (49.5%), while 19.2% were exposed during segregation of waste. The frequency of needle stick injury during cannulation, sampling, and recapping of needle were higher in emergency department than in wards. More than 80% of HCWs received hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin postexposure. Conclusion There is need for periodical briefings on practices of sharp handling as well as re-emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment while performing procedures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, Cytomegalovirus, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in Multitransfused Thalassemic Children in Upper Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadan A. Mahmoud ◽  
Abdel-Azeem M. El-Mazary ◽  
Ashraf Khodeary
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background. Frequent blood transfusions in thalassemia major children expose them to the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in thalassemic children attending the Pediatrics Departments of both Sohag and Minia Universities of Upper Egypt, during the period from May 2014 to May 2015.Methods. Serum samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 using the Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System.Results. The frequencies of anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 were found to be 37.11%, 4.12%, 4.12%, 0.00%, and 0.00%, respectively. Seropositivity for anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-CMV increased with increasing age of the patients, duration of the disease, serum ferritin level (ng/mL), and liver enzymes (U/L), while it was not significantly associated with gender, frequency of blood transfusion, or the status of splenectomy operation (P>0.05).Conclusion. The frequency of TTIs, especially HCV, is considerably high among Egyptian children with thalassemia major. It is therefore important to implement measures to improve blood transfusion screening, such as polymerase chain reaction, in order to reduce TTIs from blood donor units.

Measles Immunity Among Community Hospital Employees

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Houck ◽  
Gay Scott-Johnson ◽  
Lylanne Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay

AbstractObjective:To define measles immunity rates among employees at 2 hospitals during a community outbreak in 1990.Design:Cohort survey using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and questionnaire.Setting:Two community hospitals.Participants:Seventy-six percent of 2,060 employees.Results:Seven percent (115/1566) of participants lacked ELISA-defined measles immunity. Among employees whose ages were known, 14% (64/467) of those born after 1956 and 5% (50/1086) of those born before 1957 lacked serologic evidence of immunity. Fifty-eight percent of the susceptible persons had substantial patient contact. With ELISA results as the reference for immunity, the predictive value of an undocumented positive history of measles disease or vaccination was 95%; the predictive value of a negative history of both was 52%. Measles developed in 7 employees.Conclusions:A substantial number of hospital employees lacked ELBA-defined measles immunity, including many who had patient contact or who had been born before 1957. Undocumented disease and vaccination histories were not adequate predictors of serologic status. This study supports the recommendations and suggestions of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee that hospitals should require documented evidence of measles immunity from employees who have patient contact.

P1489HEPATITIS B AND C IN DIALYSIS UNITS IN ALMATY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Yespotayeva ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Abduzhappar Gaipov ◽  
Zauresh Amreyeva ◽  
Zhanar Mursalova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Patients getting maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the HD population of Almaty dialysis units as well as risk factors for infection. Method All adult patients getting maintenance HD (n=700) in Almaty dialysis centres (n=4) were studied between May 2016 and December 2019. Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies was performed at initiation of dialysis and every 3–6 months thereafter. Serological markers for HBV and HCV were determined with immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results Participant median age was 40 years and 58% were male. 110 patients (34.9%) were sero-positive for HBV and/or HCV (anti-HCV positive 31.1%; HBsAg positive 2.6%; both positive 1.2%). Of the sero-positive patients 4.7% were known to be infected before the initiation of HD. The prevalence of HBV±HCV infection varied widely between HD centres from 0% to 75.9%. Sero-positive patients were younger, had longer time on dialysis and more previous blood transfusions. Wide variation in rates of newly acquired infections was observed between dialysis centres. All new HBV cases were referred from centres already treating HBV infected patients. New HCV infections were reported in most centres but the rate of HCV sero-conversion varied widely from 1.5% to 31%. Duration of dialysis, history of previous renal transplant and history of receiving HD in another centre in Almaty were significantly associated with sero-conversion. Major risk factors identified by a standard questionnaire in 302 of 270 patients were the number of blood transfusions individuals had received and duration of dialysis, the latter including patients who received no blood transfusions Conclusion HBV and HCV prevalence in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients. In summary, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients.

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