scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus: an important risk factor for reactivation of tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Solá ◽  
Carmen Rivera ◽  
Michelle Mangual ◽  
José Martinez ◽  
Kelvin Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
World Population ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
List Type ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Summary Diabetes mellitus was identified as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis (TB) infection, and relapse after therapy. The risk of acquiring TB is described as comparable to that of HIV population. The fact that diabetics are 3× times more prone to develop pulmonary TB than nondiabetics cannot be overlooked. With DM recognized as global epidemic, and TB affecting one-third of the world population, physicians must remain vigilant. We present a 45-year-old woman born in Dominican Republic (DR), with 10-year history of T2DM treated with metformin, arrived to our Urgency Room complaining of dry cough for the past 3months. Interview unveiled unintentional 15lbs weight loss, night sweats, occasional unquantified fever, and general malaise but denied bloody sputum. She traveled to DR 2years before, with no known ill exposure. Physical examination showed a thin body habitus, otherwise well appearing woman with stable vital signs, presenting solely right middle lung field ronchi. LDH, ESR, hsCRP and Hg A1C were elevated. Imaging revealed a right middle lobe cavitation. Sputum for AFB disclosed active pulmonary TB. Our case portrays that the consideration of TB as differential diagnosis in diabetics should be exercised with the same strength, as it is undertaken during the evaluation of HIV patients with lung cavitation. Inability to recognize TB will endanger the patient, hospital dwellers and staff, and perpetuate this global public health menace. Learning points Diabetes mellitus should be considered an important risk factor for the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. High clinical suspicious should be taken into consideration as radiological findings for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be atypical, involving middle and lower lobes. Inability to recognize pulmonary tuberculosis will endanger the patient, hospital dwellers and staff, and perpetuate this global public health menace.

Risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with diabetes mellitus in Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Chyntia Destiany ◽  
Andi Zulkifli ◽  
Ridwan M. Thaha ◽  
Anwar Mallongi ◽  
Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The Relationship between Smoking Behavior and the Incidence of Tuberculosis at the Medan Sunggal Public Health Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Andre Christian Ginting ◽  
Andrico Napolin Lumbantobing
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Relationship

A B S T R A C TIntroduction Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria in the form ofrods (bacilli) known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is included as achronic infectious disease. The causes of the increase in TB cases each year are stillvarious. One of them is smoking behavior. A person who smokes will have twice therisk of contracting TB. This study aims to determine the relationship between smokingbehavior and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of the MedanSunggal Puskesmas in 2019. Methods This study is an analytical study with a crosssectional design. The population of this study were patients with pulmonary TB in thework area of the Medan Sunggal Public Health Center in 2019. The sample size usedwas 104 people who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the second study,the data collection tool was through the Puskesmas medical records. Data analysis wasperformed using the statistical test is chi square. Results the result showed that therewas a relationship between smoking behavior and the incidence of pulmonarytuberculosis in Medan Sunggal Public Health Center with an OR (95% CI) value of105,125 (13,280-832,161), which means that respondents who smoke will have105,125 times the risk of suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis compared to non-smoking respondents. From the results of 95% CI, it can be seen that the lower limitand upper limit values (CI values) not include 1.00, so the results of the study arestatistically significant at the value of α = 0.001. Conclusion. Smoking behavior hasan insignificant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at MedanSunggal Puskesmas in 2019. It is recommended that the primary care should providesupport and sources of information about smoking habits, especially for patients whohave been diagnosed with pulmonary TB.

scholarly journals Immunological Impacts of Diabetes on the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Ayelign ◽  
Markos Negash ◽  
Meaza Genetu ◽  
Tadelo Wondmagegn ◽  
Tewodros Shibabaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Dual Burden

The interaction between diabetes and major world infections like TB is a major public health concern because of rapidly rising levels of diabetes. The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major global public health problem. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of active and latent tuberculosis. Immune mechanisms contributing to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to TB are due to the defects in bacterial recognition, phagocytic activity, and cellular activation which results in impaired production of chemokines and cytokines. The initiation of adaptive immunity is delayed by impaired antigen-presenting cell (APC) recruitment and function in hyperglycemic host, which results in reduced frequencies of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and its secretion of cytokines having a great role in activation of macrophage and inflammatory response of tuberculosis. In addition, impaired immune response and killing of intracellular bacteria potentially increase bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and central necrosis that facilitate bacterial dissemination and miliary tuberculosis. Understanding of the immunological and biochemical basis of TB susceptibility in diabetic patients will tell us the rational development of implementation and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the dual burden of the diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was focused on the association between diabetes and tuberculosis, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, and its association with susceptibility, severity, and treatment outcome failure to tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Perception, Behavior and Practice Among University Students of Public Health Towards Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Bushara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type

Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk factor to health. A crude population measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), which is used to classify weight status, overweight is the person with a BMI of 25 or more, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess public health students' perception on obesity &overweight health risks, clarify students' knowledge, behaviors and practices that increases risks of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate students Knowledge, Perception, Behavior and Practices towards obesity among students of public health in Umm Al-Qura University, in which 50% of students (136)were randomly selected using stratified sampling technique. Results: The study clarified that (69.9%) of students understand BMI-obesity relationship, while (30.9) didn’t know, the study showed that among 136 students,124 (91.2%) understand obesity -diabetes mellitus type 2 relationships. Likewise, 112 (82.4%) understand the relationship between obesity and hypertension. The study found that out of 136 students (72.8%) are aware that obesity is a risk factor for sleep apnea, referring t student’s practice of physical activity, study clarified that only 69.9%of students were practicing physical activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a weakness in the perception and knowledge of students on BMI, study recommended for more concentration in academic activities to change this perception. The study concluded that the knowledge of students on major risk factors of obesity, relations of obesity with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, sleep apnea, physical activity and weight control where acceptable. According to the study there were a problem in monitoring blood glucose and hypertension among overweight and obese students, which may be reflected in other health problems in the future. Recommendations: The study recommends for the introduction of extra educational and non-curricula programs on lifestyle, nutrition and obesity for public health student's, establishment of regular physical activities programs and strengthening of health education programs on overweight, obesity and other associated health problems inside and outside university campus. The study recommends for more researches to evaluate knowledge, perception, practice among public health and other students towards obesity.

scholarly journals Mapping of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Ronald Olum ◽  
Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo ◽  
Joseph Baruch Baluku ◽  
Jannik Stemler ◽  
Richard Kwizera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Africa has a high burden of tuberculosis, which is the most important risk factor for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Our goal was to systematically evaluate the burden of CPA in Africa and map it by country. We conducted an extensive literature search for publications on CPA in Africa using the online databases. We reviewed a total of 41 studies published between 1976 and 2021, including a total of 1247 CPA cases from 14 African countries. Most of the cases came from Morocco (n = 764, 62.3%), followed by South Africa (n = 122, 9.9%) and Senegal (n = 99, 8.1%). Seventeen (41.5%) studies were retrospective, 12 (29.3%) were case reports, 5 case series (12.2%), 5 prospective cohorts, and 2 cross-sectional studies. The majority of the cases (67.1%, n = 645) were diagnosed in men, with a median age of 41 years (interquartile range: 36–45). Active/previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 764, 61.3%), human immunodeficiency virus infection (n = 29, 2.3%), diabetes mellitus (n = 19, 1.5%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 10, 0.8%) were the common co-morbidities. Haemoptysis was the most frequent presenting symptom, reported in up to 717 (57%) cases. Smoking (n = 69, 5.5%), recurrent lung infections (n = 41, 3%) and bronchorrhea (n = 33, 3%) were noted. This study confirms that CPA is common in Africa, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most important risk factor.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Recurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Magdelene Amoateng ◽  
Pius Osei-Bagyina ◽  
Reba Varughese ◽  
Achsah Mathew ◽  
Ishan Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Aggressive Treatment

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) is an emerging syndrome with the initial cases described in Taiwan in the 1980s. There is high mortality with this condition, and immediate aggressive treatment is necessary. Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is the single most important risk factor for developing KPLA. Here, we describe a rare case of recurrent cryptogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess (KPLA) in a young man with poorly controlled type 1 D.M.

scholarly journals Differences of Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Blood of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sufferers with Diabetes Mellitus, Pulmonary Tuberculosis without Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy People in Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Eka Suhartika ◽  
Zainuddin Amir ◽  
Bintang Yinke Magdalena Sinaga ◽  
Putri C Eyanoer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Background: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body can increase Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with pulmonary TB and type 2 DM, which causes cell damage and worsens the disease. The body has a protective mechanism from damage caused by increased MDA through enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD and vitamin E. This study aimed to examine the difference in MDA levels in the blood of pulmonary TB patients with type 2 DM, pulmonary tuberculosis without type 2 DM and healthy people in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: This was an analytical study using a case-control approach by measuring MDA levels in pulmonary TB with type 2 DM patients, pulmonary TB patients and healthy people who were treated at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Community Health Centers, and GP’s practice in Medan for 4 months. Blood samples were taken and examined using the ELISA kit. Data were then analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. Results: There were 75 patients recruited in the study in which 45 were males (60%) and 30 were females (40%). The age group found the most was 31-40 years with normal BMI (76%). The highest MDA level was found in the TB+DM group at 12.42 nmol/ml compared to the TB patients (3.75 nmol/ml) and healthy people (3.01 nmol/ml). Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in MDA levels although there was a difference found in the MDA levels among the three groups with MDA level in TB+DM group was shown to be the highest.

scholarly journals COMPARISON THE DURATION OF SPUTUM CONVERSION IN NEW CASE SMEAR POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Radita Ikapratiwi ◽  
Indah Rahmawati ◽  
Joko Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as the leading killer among infectious diseases because of bacteria resulted in a high number ofmorbidity and mortality world wide. One risk factor for tuberculosisis diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of TB and DM jump together globally, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Early and accurate diagnosis of TB cases in the enforcement is sputum smear examination. Monitoring of TB seen through sputum conversion. The purpose of this studyis to determine the duration of sputum conversion difference new case smear positive pulmonary TB patients with and without DM in hospital Prof. Dr.Margono Soekarjo (RSMS) Purwokerto. Thestudy design is observational analytic with cohort retrospective study. Sample of this study was patients who checked their health in Lung Clinis of RSMS Purwokerto obtained total sample of 44 people, consisting of 22 patients clinically diagnosed new cases smear-positive pulmonary TB with DM and 22 patients without DM in 2009 until 2012.Results of this study were analyzed using Fisher Exact Test. pvalues obtainedof 0.000 (p <0.05) (95% CI = 0,288-0,718) with relative risk 0,455. The conclusion is there were significant differences in sputum conversion time between the group of patients suffering from pulmonary uberculosis with and without DM. The conversion of sputum in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who suffered DM is longer than patients without DM. Relative risk value which is equal to 0.455 which means that patients with DM have pulmonary tuberculosis risk by 0.455 times more likely to experience delays in sputum conversion than TB patients without DM

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Participation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Screening Using Chest X-Ray among Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra ◽  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
I Ketut Suarjana ◽  
Ketut Hari Mulyawan ◽  
I Made Kerta Duana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chest X Ray

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease. Therefore, pulmonary TB screening among DM patients is essential. This study aimed to identify factors associated with participation of DM type II patients in pulmonary TB screening using chest X-ray. This was a cross-sectional analytic study and was part of TB-DM screening study in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 365 DM type II patients selected by quota sampling among DM type II patients joining the screening program from January until March 2016 in 11 public health centres in Denpasar. Data were collected via structured interviews. The contributing factors were determined by modified Poisson regression test for cross-sectional data. From the findings, less than half (45.48%) of DM type II patients participated in chest X-ray examination for TB. Factors associated with participation in pulmonary TB screening were having a higher educational level [APR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.07–1.67)], having family member who developed pulmonary TB disease [APR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.12–1.93)], the travel time to referral hospital for screening being ≤ 15 minutes [APR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.26–2.03)], having health insurance [APR = 2.69, 95% CI (1.10–6.56)], and receiving good support from health provider [APR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.06–1.70)]. Therefore, training for health provider on providing counselling, involvement of family members in screening process, and improving the health insurance coverage and referral system are worth considering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document