scholarly journals VAGINAL DISCHARGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1346-1349
Author(s):  
Aasma Hanif ◽  
Rahila Farhat Chaudhry ◽  
Munazzah Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Independent University ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To find out the causative organisms of vaginal discharge inreproductive age. Study Design: A descriptive case study. Setting: Department of Obstetricsand Gynaecology, Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Duration of Study with Dates:One year from 01-01-2012 to 31-12-2012. Subjects and Methods: A total of 369 patients wereincluded in this study One swab for wet mount to see clue cells, pus cells, budding yeastcells and locomotory effect of Trichomoas vaginalis and to see growth by gram staining inpathology department and reported by pathologist. Results: Mean age of the participents was29.66±6.40 years. In 369 patients, 356 (96.5%) were married while remaining 13 patients (3.5%)were unmarried. Frequencies of different organisms responsible for vaginal discharge amongwomen of reproductive age were as follows: candidiasis 114 (30.9%), bacterial vaginosis 182(49.4%), trichomonal infection 22 (6.0%), gonococcal vulvovaginitis 9 (2.4%) and genital herpesnoted in 2 (0.5%). Remaining 40 patients (10.8%) were normal. Conclusion: Vaginal dischargeis a common complaint in Gynae outpatients. In our study, the frequency of bacterial vaginosiswas highest. Remaining causes are negligible except candidiasis.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of rapid test potassium hydroxide for the diagnosis of onychomycosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1793-1796
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wajid Khurshid Sipra ◽  
Khawar Saeed Jillian ◽  
Tayyaba Batool
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine the potassium hydroxide (KOH) sensitivity for the diagnosis of fungal nail infections. Study Design: Descriptive Case study. Setting: Department of Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. Period: July 2017 to June 2020. Material & Method: The nail specimen immersed in 20% Potassium hydroxide in Petri dish and incubated aerobically at 37Ć for 1 hours. Upon microscopy, the presence of hyphae or spores that considered the test was positive. Result: Out of three hundred forty clinical screened cases, the sensitivity of KOH mount was 55.29% true positive. Conclusion: KOH mount microscopy is simple and cost-effective techniques to diagnose superficial fungal infections in the primary care and Outpatient settings.

PREVALENCE OF MICROBIOTA ASSOCIATED TO VAGINAL DISCHARGE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP BASED ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Neha Yadav ◽  
Sonu Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

In women of reproductive age, vaginal discharge is one of the most frequent signs. Vaginal discharge may be physiological or pathological; thus, this study was conducted to ascertain the microbial diversity of vaginal discharge cases in relation to socioeconomic status and demographic history among women of reproductive age attending a tertiary care hospital. To diagnose the organism, simple wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used, while to classify and categorise the pathogens, various differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud Dextrose agar were used, followed by some biochemical tests and the use of the Nugent Score. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 22 and 28. The patients were all from the lower middle class 41. (37.61 percent ). Microbial diagnosis revealed that 45 percent of patients had Bacterial Vaginosis, 41 percent had Candidiasis, 5% had Trichomoniasis, and 9% had both Bacterial Vaginosis and Candidiasis..

scholarly journals Comparative study of pap smear and microbiological pattern in bacterial vaginosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Girishma J. ◽  
Rupakala B. M. ◽  
Sunil Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age group. It is characterized by an increased vaginal pH and loss of normal lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes like Gardnerella vaginalis and other gram-negative rods. Purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of pap smear and microbiological pattern in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) Bangalore, India. All patients with vaginal discharge were included in the study. Vaginal discharge samples were sent to gram staining, culture and pap smear examination.Results: Of the 52 patients, 18 patients (34.6%) showed positive for bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent’s score. Of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 8 of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to pap’s smear (44%) and 10 had negative pap smears. In our study, of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 14 (77%) of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to culture.Conclusions: In the present study we found out that correlation of gram stain and pap smear was 44% whereas correlation of gram stain and culture was 77%. Hence, we conclude that gram stain and culture are preferred for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis rather than the pap smear evaluation.

scholarly journals GYNAECOLOGICAL HYSTERECTOMY;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1285-1290
Author(s):  
Saima Qureshi ◽  
Nazia Mussarat ◽  
Nadia Sharif ◽  
Tasneem Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Hysterectomy ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
Vaginal Route ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Abdominal Route ◽  
Independent University ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives:The aims of study are (1)To make an audit of hysterectomies by either route in a teaching hospital.(2)To determine the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. Study design: Descriptive study Setting: Gynae & Obstetrics units, Independent University Hospital Faisalabad Period: From 1-1-2006 to 31-12-2008 Material & Methods: retrospective collection of data by convenience sample technique. Results: 27% cases were due to fibroids, 22% were due to uterovaginal prolapse, 19% (DUB), 13% (chronic PID). The complications were 28% (UTI) by abdominal route and 13.3% were by vaginal route, 26.6% wound infection and 2.6% in vaginal hysterectomy, rest of complications were comparable by both routes. Conclusion: vaginal hysterectomy has more promising results but is reserved for specific indications.

scholarly journals Coverage for the cost of outpatient nursing procedures by the Unified Health System: a percentage analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Finzch Sportello ◽  
Valéria Castilho ◽  
Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
System A ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the percentage of the coverage of transfers from the Brazilian Unified Health System regarding nursing procedures conducted in the Outpatient facility of a University Hospital. Method: Quantitative, exploratory, descriptive case study. The sample for calculating the mean total direct costs was composed of non-participant observations of 656 procedures. The obtained costs were compared to transfers from the Unified Health System by multiplying the amount of procedures agreed upon by the unit cost in the Unified Table of Procedures in 2016 and 2017. Results: The Unified Health System transferred a percentage corresponding to 11.13% of the actual cost in 2016 and to 16.02% in 2017. In these two years, transfer values covered only a mean of 13.4%, resulting in a percentage difference in revenue significantly smaller than the actual cost. Conclusion: The higher the productivity of the performed procedures, the higher was the hospital deficit and, consequently, the higher were the costs not covered by the Unified Health System.

VAGINAL DISCHARGE MICROBIOTA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Neha Yadav ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sonu Panwar P
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Biochemical Testing

One of the most common symptoms in women of reproductive age is vaginal discharge. Normal or abnormal vaginal discharge are both possible. It's important to address pathological discharge. The aim of this research was to investigate the microbiological prole of vaginal discharge and antimicrobial susceptibility trends in women of reproductive age. Easy wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used to diagnose the organism, whereas differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar were used to identify and categorise the pathogens, followed by biochemical testing and effective antibiotics to observe susceptibility trends. The antimicrobial activity of Clindamycin and Fluconazole against Gardnerella Vaginalis and Candida bacteria, respectively, was the strongest.

scholarly journals Vaginal Dysbiosis and Partial Bacterial Vaginosis: The Interpretation of the “Grey Zones” of Clinical Practice

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Campisciano ◽  
Nunzia Zanotta ◽  
Vincenzo Petix ◽  
Manuela Giangreco ◽  
Giuseppe Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects one-third of reproductive age women, increasing the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and posing a risk for reproductive health. The current diagnosis with Gram stain (Nugent Score) identifies a transitional stage named partial BV or intermediate microbiota, raising the problem of how to clinically handle it. We retrospectively analyzed cervicovaginal swabs from 985 immunocompetent non-pregnant symptomaticspp. women (vaginal discharge, burning, itching) by Nugent score and qPCR for BV, aerobic or fungal vaginitis, and STIs (Mycoplasmas spp., Chlamydia t., Trichomonas v., and Neisseria g.). Nugent scores 0–3 and 7–10 were confirmed in 99.3% and 89.7% cases, respectively, by qPCR. Among Nugent scores 4–6 (partial BV), qPCR identified 46.1% of BV cases, with 37.3% of cases negative for BV, and only 16.7% of partial BV. Gram staining and qPCR were discordant (p value = 0.0001) mainly in the partial BV. Among the qPCR BV cases, the presence of aerobic vaginitis and STIs was identified, with a significant association (p < 0.0001) between the STIs and partial BV/overt BV. qPCR is more informative and accurate, and its use as an alternative or in combination with Gram staining could help clinicians in having an overview of the complex vaginal microbiota and in the interpretation of partial BV that can correspond to vaginitis and/or STIs.

scholarly journals Clinical and microscopic correlation of abnormal vaginal discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Usharani N. ◽  
Swetha D.
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Set Up

Background: Vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group is the most common complaint encountered everyday both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause, followed by Candidiasis and Trichomonasis. Aims and objectives of the study were to correlate clinical and microscopic methods for diagnosing abnormal vaginal discharge and to find out the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in our set up.Methods: The study was carried out in Gynaecological OPD of VIMS, Ballari. After thorough history and gynecological examination, three samples were collected from the posterior fornix of vagina using sterile cotton swabs. The first swab was used to detect trichomonas vaginalis using wet mount microscopy. The second swab was used to determine amine/fishy odour (Whiff test). The third swab was used for gram staining to diagnose Bacterial vaginosis and Candida. The Gram-stained slides was evaluated using Nugent’s scoring system for detection of BV.Results: Bacterial vaginosis constitutes the most common cause of vaginal discharge, followed by Candidiasis and then Trichomoniasis in our set up. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis is 71.93%, 88.9%, and 33.3% and specificity are 54.65%, 92.15% and 99.49% for Bacterial vaginosis, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis respectively.Conclusions: The most ideal approach is the microbiological approach for the etiological diagnosis of symptomatic vaginal discharge. The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge is Bacterial vaginosis followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis.

scholarly journals Analysis of the preparation and administration of medications in the hospital context based on Lean thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diovane Ghignatti da Costa ◽  
Simone Silveira Pasin ◽  
Ana Maria Müller de Magalhães ◽  
Gisela Maria Schebella Souto de Moura ◽  
Caroline Brum Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lean Thinking ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Medication Process ◽  
A Value ◽  
Improve Planning

Abstract Objectives: To analyze the current way medications are prepared and administered in the hospital setting and to apply a method to establish priorities for problems detected. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive case study. The data were collected through observation and focus groups with 13 participants who were part of a health team in a surgical inpatient unit of a public university hospital. The analysis was based on a lean production framework. Results: A value stream map was constructed of the current way drugs are prepared and administered, identifying the clients in the process and their requirements. Forty-five current problems were identified, based on requirements that were not met with eight being prioritized to improve planning. Conclusion: Having prioritized the problems, the planning and implementation of continuous improvements in the medication process were started in order to reduce errors and improve the quality of services.

scholarly journals Efficacy of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir in treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badar Bashir ◽  
Hafiz Bilal Bashir ◽  
Mahpara Munir
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Independent University

Objective: To determine the efficacy of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in treatment of all genotypes of chronic HCV infection. Study Design: Descriptive Case study Setting: Department of Medicine Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: December 2019 to May 2020. Material & Methods: Among patients of chronic hepatitis C presenting in the medical OPD of independent university hospital willing to participate, 80 were included in this study. They were given combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir 400/100 mg (FDC) once daily. They were monitored by serum ALT and PCR to HCV quantitative after one month and after three months. End point was undectable PCR to HCV Quantitative. We observed the number of patients achieving SVR after taking combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. Results: In our study, out of 80 cases of chronic hepatitis c 40% (n=32) were male and 60% (n=48) were females, end result revealed 98.8% (n=79) achieved SVR and their PCR remained negative at the end of 03months and 1.3% (n=01) remained positive despite antiviral therapy for 03 months. Conclusion: We concluded that using fixed dose combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir achieve SVR of 98.8%.

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