LECTURE METHOD;

Background: Universal tooth numbering system is an old topic of oral anatomy course. MICAP is a new tooth notation but it is not yet in dental curriculum. Aim: To compare the learning of MICAP (new) vs Universal (old) tooth notations using lecture method. Method: Designs: A pre-test and post-test design. Settings: Islamic International Dental College – Islamabad. Period: October 2016 to February 2017. Participants: Novice undergraduate first year dental students (N=45) participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Interventions: MICAP and Universal tooth notations were taught to group A and B respectively by a 30 minute lecture prepared on power point slides in similar sequence. The study participants, before any intervention, completed fourteen randomly selected permanent teeth using Universal and MICAP notation method as pretest data and after eight weeks, posttest data were collected. Chi square test was applied for analysis. Results: The posttest showed an improved learning of two notations by both groups. Over all, no significant difference was found in correct write up of given set of fourteen teeth for two notations except ‘Maxillary right central incisor, Mandibular left canine’ and Mandibular Right 2nd Premolar (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Learning of new (MICAP) notation was as easy as the old (Universal) numbering system. However, this was a small scale study and multiple teaching centers with larger number of participants are recommended.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis in Comparison to Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3469

Author(s):

Khalid H. Almadi ◽

Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽

Tuba Ghazal ◽

Rizwan Jouhar ◽

Mazen F. Alkahtany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Reporting Standard ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Propolis is proposed to possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used in endodontic applications. However, evidence on its efficacy in comparison to chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is controversial. The aim of the current study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth. The focused question was, “Does Propolis show better antibacterial efficacy than Chlorhexidine (CHX) as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth?”. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ISI-Web of Science were searched from 1990 to August 2020 using different combinations of the following keywords: “Propolis”, “Intracanal medicament”, “E. faecalis”, “Antibacterial activity” and “Chlorhexidine”. Ten studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were considered for qualitative analysis, followed by quantitative analysis of eight studies. Heterogeneity was calculated for colony forming units (CFU) of E. Faecalis using the Chi-square test and I2 statistics. Forest plots were computed reporting standard mean difference (SMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals. The overall mean difference for CFU of E. faecalis showed a statistically significant difference between the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and CHX (SMD = 3.20 [1.70, 4.69] Z = 4.20; p < 0.001). CHX showed superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis compared to Propolis.

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An Evaluation on Deep Caries Removal Method and Management Performed by Undergraduate Dental Students: A Malaysia Experience

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721546 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nurin Izyani Othman ◽

Hanan Umaira Ismail ◽

Norazlina Mohammad ◽

Norzalina Ghazali ◽

Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Dental Students ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Management Approach ◽

Removal Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Caries Removal ◽

Partial Caries Removal

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the current knowledge and attitude of deep caries removal method among dental students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods A total of 303 students (n = 303) responded to the online questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire was to evaluate the demographic data of the respondents and focused on the technique and management approach used for deep caries lesion. The second part investigated the preferred treatment used for deep caries based on the designated clinical case, while the third part assessed the factors that affected the decision on deep caries management. Statistical Analysis Independent t-test was used to compare difference between the two groups. Results Seventy four percent of the students have the knowledge of the different methods of caries removal, while 25.8% were only familiar with complete caries removal. The preferred method for deep caries removal in permanent teeth was partial caries removal (53%). For primary dentition, 45.6% of the students prefer to perform pulpotomy as compared with other techniques. There was no significant difference in caries removal method for permanent teeth between undergraduate year of study (p > 0.05), which was partial caries removal at 52.7 and 53.5%, respectively. For primary dentition, the preferred caries removal method was pulpotomy for year 4 (39.8%) and year 5 (52%) students. The popular material to restore deep caries was resin composite (42%) followed by glass ionomer cement (23.3%). Conclusions This study showed that partial caries removal was the preferred method despite partial understanding on the identification of the clinical indicators of the technique.

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Dental anomalies frequency in submucous cleft palate versus complete cleft palate

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjab003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

João Paulo Schwartz ◽

Daniela Gamba Garib

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Tooth Agenesis ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Supernumerary Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Submucous Cleft Palate ◽

Isolated Cleft Palate

Summary Background/Objectives This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of dental anomalies of number in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate. Materials/Methods The sample comprised 26 individuals with submucous cleft palate (group S) and 68 individuals with complete cleft palate (group C) aged between 9 and 12 years from a single centre. Panoramic radiographs were evaluated regarding the presence of dental anomalies of number in permanent teeth. Intergroup comparison was performed using chi-square tests (P < 0.05). Results Tooth agenesis was found in 34.61 and 36.76 per cent of group S and group C, respectively. The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary second premolar, maxillary lateral incisor, and mandibular second premolar. Supernumerary teeth were found in none and 1.47 per cent of the individuals with submucous and complete cleft palate, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between groups for the frequency of tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Limitations Only dental anomalies of number were evaluated. Conclusions/Implications Individuals with submucous and complete cleft palate showed similar prevalence for tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Dental anomalies frequency seems not to be a discriminator for subphenotypes of cleft palate.

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Analysis of livestock breeders’ perceptions and their adaptation measures to climate change in Morocco‘s arid rangelands

Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems ◽

10.1515/cass-2020-0100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Wadii Snaibi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Local Level ◽

Small Scale ◽

Climate Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Eastern Morocco ◽

Climate Analysis

AbstractThe high plateaus of eastern Morocco are already suffering from the adverse impacts of climate change (CC), as the local populations’ livelihoods depend mainly on extensive sheep farming and therefore on natural resources. This research identifies breeders’ perceptions about CC, examines whether they correspond to the recorded climate data and analyses endogenous adaptation practices taking into account the agroecological characteristics of the studied sites and the difference between breeders’ categories based on the size of owned sheep herd. Data on perceptions and adaptation were analyzed using the Chi-square independence and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Climate data were investigated through Mann-Kendall, Pettitt and Buishand tests.Herders’ perceptions are in line with the climate analysis in term of nature and direction of observed climate variations (downward trend in rainfall and upward in temperature). In addition, there is a significant difference in the adoption frequency of adaptive strategies between the studied agroecological sub-zones (χ2 = 14.525, p <.05) due to their contrasting biophysical and socioeconomic conditions, as well as among breeders’ categories (χ2 = 10.568, p < .05) which attributed mainly to the size of sheep flock. Policy options aimed to enhance local-level adaptation should formulate site-specific adaptation programs and prioritise the small-scale herders.

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Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 221-225

Author(s):

Beenish Fatima Alam ◽

Hira Raza ◽

Shizma junejo ◽

Marium Azfar ◽

Tuba Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

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Angel or Devil? Dentists and Dental Students Conceptions of Pediatric Dental Patients through Metaphor Analysis

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-42.2.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B Buldur

Keyword(s):

Behavior Management ◽

Dental Students ◽

Study Group ◽

Metaphor Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Dental Patient ◽

Significant Difference ◽

General Dentists

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the conceptions of dentists and dental students (DSs) about pediatric dental patients (PDPs) using metaphor analysis. Study Design: The study group (N = 259) consisted of dentists and DSs. Participants completed the sentence “A pediatric dental patient is like ... because …...” in order to reveal the metaphors they use about the concept of PDPs. The data were analyzed using the mixed-methods: qualitative (metaphor analysis) and quantitative (chi-square) data analysis techniques. Results: The dentists and DSs produced 259 metaphors. These metaphors were gathered under six different conceptual categories that define a PDP as unpredictable, dangerous, uncontrollable, requiring care and sensitivity, valuable, and orientable. The most important factors leading to these conceptions were the uncooperativeness of some PDPs and the effectiveness of behavior management. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there was no significant difference among DSs, general dentists and specialist dentists with respect to six conceptual categories that identify the conceptions about PDPs.

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A flipped classroom method based on a small private online course in physiology

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advan.00143.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 345-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiao-Min Zhang ◽

Jian-Yun Yu ◽

Yuan Yang ◽

Cui-Ping Feng ◽

Jing Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Flipped Classroom ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Online Course ◽

Small Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Learning Needs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Improved Learning ◽

Medical University

A small private online course (SPOC) supports blended learning on a small scale, enabling students to have a more comprehensive and deeper learning experience. It also provides instructors with a flexible and feasible model to better understand the students’ learning needs and to supervise students’ learning behaviors. In this study, we adopted SPOC flipped classroom blended teaching in the physiology course for clinical undergraduate students of Kunming Medical University. Compared with the control group [lecture-based learning (LBL)], the SPOC flipped classroom method significantly increased the scores of students in the preclass test (65.13 ± 12.45 vs. 53.46 ± 8.09, SPOC vs. LBL) and postclass test (80.43 ± 14.29 vs. 69.01 ± 12.81, SPOC vs. LBL), which is induced by students’ increased interest in self-learning. More importantly, the significant difference between the preclass scores of the two groups suggested that the video lecture-based preview is more effective than the textbook-based preview. The study indicated that the SPOC flipped classroom was effective in enhancing the examination scores of students, reflecting an improved learning efficiency and a deeper understanding of the knowledge. In summary, the flipped classroom based on SPOC improves learning outcomes compared with LBL and has a wide application in the learning of basic medical courses.

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Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in Aseer, KSA

Journal of Oral & Dental Health ◽

10.33140/jodh/01/02/00006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Permanent Teeth ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Congenitally Missing Teeth ◽

Congenitally Missing

Background: Hypodontia or congenitally missing teeth is among dental anomalies with different prevalence in each region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Aseer region population. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was done. Panoramic radiographs of 1050 patients (370 girls and 680 boys), 12-40 years old, were collected. The radiographs were studied for evidence of congenitally missing teeth. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher exact test and Chi-square test (0.05). Results: Prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was totally 7.42%. The most frequent congenitally missing teeth was mandibular second premolars (28.21%) followed by maxillary second premolars (25.64%). Upper jaw showed significantly higher number of congenitally missing teeth (P value 0.001). According to Chi-square test, congenital missing teeth were found approximately 7.42% in both females and males and there were no statistically significant difference between sexes (P 0.19). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (CMT) in Aseer region permanent dentition was 7.42%. The most common congenitally missing teeth were mandibular second premolar fallowed by maxillary second premolars.

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Efficacy of Lignocaine in Gel and Spray form during Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1611 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 750-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anshul Sharma ◽

BS Suprabha

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Topical Anesthetic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spray Form ◽

Buccal Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Anesthesia

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic, in reducing pain, during buccal infiltration in children. Materials and methods Forty-two patients aged between 7 and 12 years requiring restorative procedures/extraction/pulp therapy of primary/ permanent teeth in the maxillary arch, under buccal infiltration anesthesia were selected for the study. The participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 21 each. In group A, 8% lignocaine gel and in group B, 15% lignocaine spray was applied prior to buccal infiltration. Pain was assessed using Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS) and faces legs activity cry and consolability (FLACC) painscale. Results Pearson's chi-square test revealed that there was no significant difference in the FLACC scores of the two groups (p = 0.54). Independent t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in Wong-Bakers faces pain score between the two agents (p = 0.07). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic in controlling pain during buccal infiltration anesthesia, in children. How to cite this article Sharma A, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Rao A. Efficacy of Lignocaine in Gel and Spray form during Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):750-754.

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Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Pulpal Anesthesia: A Preliminary Study

Anesthesia Progress ◽

10.2344/anpr-65-02-08 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 156-161

Author(s):

Papimon Chompu-inwai ◽

Sophon Simprasert ◽

Patchanee Chuveera ◽

Areerat Nirunsittirat ◽

Thanapat Sastraruji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nitrous Oxide Oxygen ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Pulpal Anesthesia ◽

Irreversible Pulpitis

To compare the success of perceived pulpal anesthesia between groups using nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) and oxygen (O2) in children premedicated with ibuprofen with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis permanent teeth. Thirty-three children (mean age 10.4 ± 1.9 years) with 33 symptomatic irreversible pulpitis permanent teeth were included in this preliminary study. All children were premedicated with ibuprofen and randomly assigned to receive either N2O/O2 (17 participants) or O2 (16 participants). Four percent articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was administered, and vital pulp therapy was performed. Children used the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) to report their pain at baseline as well as during carious dentin removal, pulpal exposure, and pulpal tissue removal steps. The success was determined when the reported WBFPS score was ≤4. The chi-square test was used to compare the success between both groups. The success of pulpal anesthesia was 71% (12/17) and 19% (3/16) in the N2O/O2 and O2 groups, respectively. The success in the N2O/O2 group was 52% higher than that in the O2 group (confidence interval = 22.9% to 80.7%; significant difference p = .003). From the result of this preliminary study, N2O/O2 significantly increased the success of perceived pulpal anesthesia in children premedicated with ibuprofen with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis permanent teeth. However, further study with a larger sample is required to confirm this result.

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