scholarly journals Geriatric Type 2 diabetes; the risk factors and associations for medication non-adherence.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Nadia Shams ◽  
Sadia Amjad ◽  
Naresh Kumar Seetlani ◽  
Furquana Niaz ◽  
Shazia Farhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To determine medication adherence in geriatric type 2 diabetes cases, risk factors for non-adherence and association with functional dependence. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional. Setting: Department of Medicine, RIHS Islamabad. Period: Sept. 2016 - Feb. 2017. Material & Methods: 100 type 2 diabetes cases (>65 years) included in group-A (geriatric group) and 100 gender matched type 2 diabetes cases (<65 years) in group-B (non-geriatric group). Type 1 diabetes cases, critically ill and with incomplete medication record were excluded. Morisky Diabetes Questionnaire (MMAS-8) applied for medication adherence. Glycemic control, diabetes duration, co-morbids, treatment regime, poly-pharmacy, alternative medicine, functional status (Katz index) and visual morbidity assessed in both groups. Data analyzed by SPSS V-20 and Chi-square test applied with significant p < 0.05. Results: Mean age was 71.43+5.58 years (group-A) vs. 49.28+6.57 years (group-B). Mean diabetes duration was 9.61+8 years (group-A) vs. 7.4+4.9 years (group B). Functional status was independent in 53%(group-A) vs. 86%(group-B), significantly dependent 40%(group-A) vs. 11%(group-B) and dependent 7% (group-A) vs. 3% (group-B). High adherence in 3% (group-A) vs. 10%(group B); medium 24%(group-A) vs. 32%(group-B) and low 73%(group-A) vs. 58% (group B). Non-adherence in 73%(group-A) vs. 58%(group-B). Poly-pharmacy, co-morbids, combination anti-diabetes regimes, visual morbidity, physical dependence and poor glycemic control was frequent in geriatric diabetes cases (p<0.05). Conclusions: Medication adherence has pivotal role to attain target glycemic control. Higher medication non-adherence in geriatric diabetes cases needs to be addressed. Counseling sessions supported by literature in local language and addressing the identified risk factors may improve medication adherence in geriatric diabetes cases, hence improved glycemic control and morbidity.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽  
Shofa Chasani ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Heri Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Improvement of Corneal Nerve Parameters following Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Jia ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
Qi Pan ◽  
Tongzhang Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Corneal Nerve ◽  
Group B

Aim. This study aimed to investigate whether in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can detect the improvement of corneal nerve parameters following glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in natural history. Methods. Thirty-two patients with diabetes complicated by DPN and 12 age-matched control subjects underwent detailed clinical examination and were assessed per the Toronto Clinical Scoring Scale for DPN, nerve conduction studies, and IVCCM at baseline and after approximately one year from the first visit. Results. At follow-up, 16 diabetic patients had improved glycemic control (group A, HbA1c < 7.0%, 7.78 ± 1.62% versus 6.52 ± 0.59%, P=0.005), while the remainder continued to have elevated HbA1c levels (group B, HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, 8.55 ± 1.57% versus 8.79 ± 1.05%, P=0.527). For patients in group A, corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (18.55 ± 5.25 n/mm2 versus 21.78 ± 6.13 n/mm2, P=0.005) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (11.62 ± 2.89 mm/mm2 versus 13.04 ± 2.44 mm/mm2, P=0.029) increased significantly compared to baseline. For patients in group B, sural sensory nerve conduction velocity (47.93 ± 7.20 m/s versus 44.67 ± 6.43 m/s, P=0.024), CNFD (17.19 ± 5.31 n/mm2 versus 15.67 ± 4.16 n/mm2, P=0.001), corneal nerve branch density (19.33 ± 12.82 n/mm2 versus 14.23 ± 6.56 n/mm2, P=0.033), and CNFL (11.16 ± 2.57 mm/mm2 versus 9.90 ± 1.75 mm/mm2, P=0.011) decreased significantly. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that morphological repair of corneal nerve fibers can be detected when glycemic control improves. In vivo CCM could be a sensitive method that can be applied in future longitudinal or interventional studies on DPN.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽  
Shofa Chasani ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Heri Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals TYPE 2 DIABETES;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar Majeed Babar ◽  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Asma Manzur
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Group B

Background: The data among vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control isvariable and contradictory in various clinical studies. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of vitD supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Case controlstudy. Setting: Private Clinical Set up of District, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: August to October2016. Patients and methods: 100 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into groupA and group B each contained 50 patients .The cases in group A were treated with vitamin D3at the dose of 50,000 units per week orally while cases in group B were treated with placeboalong with the standard doses of anti-diabetic drugs. The value of HbA1c and Vit D wereassayed pre and post treatment by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Therewas significant post treatment changes observed in vitamin D level in group A vs group B inmales 20.46±2.45 vs 15.16±1.47 (p= 0.001) and females 18.32±1.44 vs 13.95±2.48 (p= 0.09)There was significant post treatment changes in HbA1c in males 6.65±0.12 vs 8.34±0.71 (p=0.01) and in females 6.81±0.43 vs 8.04±0.71 (p= 0.03) in group A and group B respectively.Similarly better improvement in vitamin D and HbA1c level was seen with respect to aged group30-50 years and duration of diabetes less than 5 years. Conclusion: Vitamin D is deficient in ourpopulation and its supplementation not only improves its own level but also glycemic control intype 2 diabetic patients.

An Efficacy and Safety Study of Remogliflozin in Obese Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Were Inadequately Controlled on Insulin glargine plus other oral hypoglycemic agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim & Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the efficacy of adding remogliflozin to current insulin glargine plus two oral drug i.e. metformin and teneligliptin therapy in poorly controlled Indian type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: 173 study participants were initially selected from patient database who continued on their insulin glargine or received an increased dose of insulin glargine along with other OHA based therapy (Group A) and 187 were selected who had received remogliflozin (100 mg BD) (Group B) in addition to insulin glargine along with other OHA based therapy. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, body weight, and the number of hypoglycemic events were recorded at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Result: During the study, mean values of HbA1c, FBG and P2BG were significantly reduced in both groups. Insulin requirements decreased from 45.8 ± 16.7 IU/day to 38.5 ± 13.5 IU/day (P < 0.001) and at week 24 even further decreased to 29.5 ± 14.5 IU/Day . Twenty three patients in group B were able to cease insulin treatment altogether after 24 week treatment. It has been observed to attain tight blood glucose control we need to increase insulin dose in group A from 45.5 ± 16.5 IU/Day to 51.5 ± 14.5 at week 12 (P<0.01) and which further increased to 53.8 ± 12.8 IU/Day at week 24 (P<0.01). Adding remogliflozin showed significant effect on blood pressure (P < 0.001) and weight reduction (P < 0.001). It has been observed that 38% patients has achieves targeted HbA1c (≤7%) in group B where it was 22% in group A. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that in uncontrolled T2DM patients remogliflozin 100 mg BD can successfully lay a foundation for prolonged good glycemic control. Early addition of remogliflozin with insulin glargine plus OHAs may be an alternative compare to intensive up titration of insulin daily dose in people with uncontrolled T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration Number: A 2358

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing and Systematic Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Yadav ◽  
Rajeev Mohan Kaushik ◽  
Reshma Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract This prospective study assessed the effects of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation on depression, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as glycemic control, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two equal groups: Group A patients received conventional treatment for T2DM, and Group B patients received conventional treatment for T2DM plus training in diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation and home practice of these stress-management techniques for 6 months. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels, blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of treatment in all patients. Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test and student’s t test. Changes in mental well-being and glycemic status were assessed for their significance in each group using student’s t test and compared between two groups using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Baseline levels of the respective change outcome and duration of diabetes were used as covariates in the ANCOVA. A significant decrease was seen in depression, anxiety, and stress scores in Group B, but in Group A only the stress score decreased after 6 months. A significant decline occurred in blood sugar (fasting, 2-hour postprandial, and random) and HbA1c in both groups after 6 months. There was a larger decrease in depression and anxiety scores and HbA1c in Group B than in Group A. The decrease in HbA1c was significantly correlated with the decrease in anxiety and stress scores in both groups and with the depression score in Group A. Thus, the addition of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation to conventional T2DM treatment appears to have led to improvement in mental well-being and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

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