Age as an effect modifier with respect to gender in orthodontics in deep bite prevalence.

Objectives: To determine prevalence of deep bite and gender association with respect to age. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15 December 2018 to 14 June 2019. Material & Methods: A study with 200 (126 females, 74 males) patients were taken as a sample after being examined in Chi square test was applied to determine association. Results: Deep bite was observed in 43% of patients in total sample of 200. Out of which 61.1% is found in females and 38.4% in males. It is also observed that age is an effect modifier with respect to gender. Conclusions: There as an insignificant difference in distribution of deep bite males and females. It is observed that with increasing ages deep bite decreases considerably.

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Prevalence of Microdontia among Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care ◽

10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Single Tooth ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microdontia among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, (JSMU) from January-2020 to May-2020. Pre-treatment casts were taken of 140 subjects. The mesiodistal dimension of each tooth was recorded through the vernier caliper. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the presence of microdontia. The test applied was Pearson’s Chi-square test to assess the relationship between microdontia and variables like age and gender. P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 140 subjects were selected i.e. 105 (75%) females and 35 (25%) males aged range 13 -30 years with mean age 18.29 ± 3.88. Out of 42, single tooth microdontia was found in 3 (7.1%), more than one tooth microdontia, and generalized microdontia was present in 36 (85.7%) and 3 (7.1%) respectively. Microdontia was found to be more common in the maxilla (n=42, 100%) than the mandible (n=14, 33.3%). It was found more common in females (n=37, 35.2%) as compared to males (n=5, 14.3%). Statistically significant relationship was found among gender and prevalence of microdontia (p=0.019) with a statistically insignificant relationship between age and presence of microdontia (p=0.228). Conclusions: Microdontia was found to be a frequent dental anomaly, was more common in maxilla and females with a significant association with gender.

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Prescription pattern in public specialized dental care centers in Brazil

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e554101220732

Author(s):

Gabriela Luiza Hochscheidt ◽

Mateus Müller da Silva ◽

Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽

Alexandre Silva de Quevedo ◽

Deise Ponzoni

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drugs ◽

Dental Care ◽

Dosage Regimen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Rational Drug ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who received drug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) PADA PEKERJA MEKANIK DI AREA WORKSHOP PT. XYZ KOTA SURABAYA

Medical Technology and Public Health Journal ◽

10.33086/mtphj.v1i2.785 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

Friska Ayu ◽

Muslikha Nourma R ◽

Merry Sunaryo

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test

Along with the rapid development of industry encourages the increasing use of machinery, work equipment in the process of produsi with accompanied the application of techniques and technology from various levels in all sector. This means that there maybe a high risk of accidents due to work and also an increase in the amount of intensity of hazard sources in the workplace. Using of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the final stage of hazard control, although the use of PPE will be maximized if other controls such as elimination, substitution, enginee was already applied. This research was conducted at PT.XYZ which is one of the companies engaged in the delivery of goods through sea lanes located in Tanjung Perak, Surabaya by using analytical observational method with a cross sectional study design with a total sample of 38 people. The characteristics of the respondents and the level of compliance with the use of PPE were obtained from interviews with mechanicalworkers in the workshop area. From the results of interviews conducted, as many as 24 mechanical workers obedient in using PPE and 14 others are not obedient in using PPE. The result of statistical test using chi square test shows that there is correlation between knowledge level (p = 0,002) with level of compliance of PPE usage on mechanical worker in workshop area. Advisable for workers to further improve compliance and self-awareness in using personal protective equipment (APD) whileworking or while in the work environment because its relates to the personal health and safety of workers. For the company should be more firm in supervising the worker in this case about the habit of using personal protective equipment in accordance with the policy set.

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The Incidence Rate of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients with Earache

Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research ◽

10.18502/jcr.v7i1.4009 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shamsoulmolouk Najafi ◽

Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei ◽

Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar ◽

Shahin Asadi-Ghalhari ◽

Narges Gholizadeh

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Axis I ◽

And Gender

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the earsmanifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorderundergo long-term treatmentsusing various medicines without significant pain relief,medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study investigate theincidencerate of TMDin patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated toTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results:A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion:The results indicated a highincidence rate ofTMDin patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluationsby dentists and medics.

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Depressive symptoms and drug use among nursing staff professionals

Escola Anna Nery ◽

10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2018-0129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelle Aparecida de Barros Junqueira ◽

Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽

Lúcio Borges de Araújo ◽

Maria Cristina de Moura Ferreira ◽

Carla Denari Giuliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Nursing Staff ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate possible relationships between drug abuse, symptoms suggestive of depression and gender in nursing team professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in a general hospital with 416 participants. Used questionnaire with sociodemographic information, ASSIST, AUDIT-C and PHQ-2 tests. Used Fisher's Exact Tests, Chi-Square Test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The female gender presented decreased odds ratios for alcohol consumption in the binge pattern and use of marijuana; and double odds ratios for feelings of lack of interest and pleasure. Symptoms suggestive of depression presented potential risks for the use of sedatives. Conclusion: Drug abuse and symptoms of depression are associated and manifest differently, according to gender among nursing staff professionals. Implications for practice: Social and gender roles influence the mental health conditions of these professionals.

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HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PEGAWAI DENGAN PEMILAHAN LIMBAH PADAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SEMBIRING TAHUN 2019

Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy ◽

10.36656/jpksy.v2i2.197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 68-72

Author(s):

Yunita Syahputri Damanik ◽

Khoirul Bahri

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of

Medical activities in the polyclinic room, ward, operating theatre and laboratory. The danger that comes from hospital medical waste which causes disease or injury. Medical waste exposure especially sharp object which causes virus infection like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immuno Defeciency Syndrome(AIDS) and hepatitis B and C, who are at higher risk of infection because contamined sharp objects are nurses. This research done at the Sembiring Hospital Delitua Deli Serdang Regency. The objectives of this research is to know the relationship of the employees with the sorting of the medical solid waste. The design of this study was survey analytics design with a cross sectional study. The Univariate and bivariate of this research used Chi Square Test. The population of this research is nurses and the total sample is 65 people with the purposive sampling tehnic. The deficient of respondents knowlegde with the sorting of the medical solid waste as much as 35 people (53,8%). The sufficient of respondents knowlegde with the sorting of the medical solid waste as much as 16 people (24,6%) and the good knowlegde as much as 14 people (21,5%). The resulted of the bivariate analitycs with the knowlegde obtained p value 0.004< α 0.05, there is a relationship of employees knowlegde with the sorting of the medical solid waste, it is expect from the hospital to provide periodic checks in the medical waste producing ward to realize the comfort and cleanliness of the hospital environment.

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The Prevalence of Use of Areca Nut and Its Effect on Oral Health in School Going Children in Gadap Town, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1354 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sana Maqbool ◽

Mohammad Ali Leghari ◽

Sajjad Ali

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Areca Nut ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender

ABSTRACT Background Areca nut chewing in different forms is getting more prevalent among the south Asian inhabitants. Its uses are progressing from adults to adolescents and especially its frequent use among the school going children. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of areca nut chewing and its effect on the oral health of school going children. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study using a close ended questionnaire was conducted to collect the data from the school going children of Gadap town, Malir, Karachi. A random sample of 285 students (n = 285) were examined. The research instrument was self-structured close ended questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the knowledge and consequences of chewing areca nut, its products and its effect on their oral health. The questionnaires were administered to the students in their respective classes and the filled questionnaires were collected on the same day. Chi-square test was used for differences in frequencies among the types of areca nut, practices of using areca nut and gender variables. Stata 11 was used for data analysis. Total number of 285 children were surveyed. Results There were 75.09% boys and 24.91% girls, mean age of the students was 6.23 (1.05). The range of the students was 4 to 8 years. The frequency of using areca nut and products containing areca nut in our study was 77.9%. There were 60.35% students both male and female who were identified to gutkha chewing habit. Frequency of consumption of chewing areca nut made products increases as the age's increases. The 74.38% respondents were suffering from oral lesions. Conclusion Chewing of areca nut and products containing areca nut is prevailing in rural areas especially among the lower age group of school going children. Both genders are equally and frequently use areca nut as habit. How to cite this article Leghari MA, Ali S, Maqbool S. The Prevalence of Use of Areca Nut and Its Effect on Oral Health in School Going Children in Gadap Town, Malir, Karachi, Pakistan. World J Dent 2016;7(1):6-9.

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An evaluation on the association between sleep and dietary patterns with obesity - an online cross-sectional study

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 691-697

Author(s):

Karthik V ◽

Sridevi G ◽

Leslie Rani S

Keyword(s):

Food Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Junk Food ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Spss Software ◽

And Gender

This survey was taken up to analyze the association between food habits and sleep with obesity. The survey involved 200 healthy participants of both genders. A cross sectional study was planned among the saveetha university students. Generalised questionnaires which assess the food habits of the participants was designed to find how it relates with obesity and PITTSBURGH sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep habits of the subject during the past one month. The responses of the questions were tabulated and the correlation of food habits and sleep with the tendency of obesity and gender-related analysis was done using SPSS software version 22 and the statistical test used was chi-square test and the significance value was fixed at p < 0.05. The results revealed that about 49% of people have trouble sleeping. 51% of people less than once a week face trouble. 53 % of people use the bathroom in the middle of sleep. 56% of people drink soft drinks two times per day. There were also significant changes among genders in the intake of junk food intake, appetite and sleep rating. Thus the study concluded that food habits with the intake of junk food and sleep deprivation with gender correlation predispose to obesity.

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Relationship between Nutritional Status and Development of Preschool Aged Children in the Operational Area of Puskesmas Batua Raya

Green Medical Journal ◽

10.33096/gmj.v3i1.76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Nuraeni Azizah ◽

Darmawansyih ◽

Henny Fauziah

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Change ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: Development is a mental change that occurs gradually and over time, starting from simple abilities to more difficult abilities, such as attitude, behavior and intelligence. Preschool age is a golden age in which all aspects of development play an important role in aspects of further development. The study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and development of preschool aged children in the operational area of Puskesmas Batua Raya. Methods: The study used a cross sectional study design with total sample of 196 respondents. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements of body weight and KPSP assessment (developmental pre-screening questionnaire) was carried out. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test. Results: Results of the study found that children with appropriate development were higher in good nutritional status (74%) than those who were below the nutritional status (5.6%). Analysis of the two variables shows the value of p = 0.000. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and development of preschool children. Conclusion: Based on the research, it may be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in the operational area of the Sudiang Primary Health Center.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) PADA PEKERJA MEKANIK DI AREA WORKSHOP PT. XYZ KOTA SURABAYA

Medical Technology and Public Health Journal ◽

10.33086/mtphj.v1i2.299 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

Friska Ayu ◽

Muslikha Nourma R ◽

Merry Sunaryo

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test

Along with the rapid development of industry encourages the increasing use of machinery, work equipment in the process of produsi with accompanied the application of techniques and technology from various levels in all sector. This means that there maybe a high risk of accidents due to work and also an increase in the amount of intensity of hazard sources in the workplace. Using of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the final stage of hazard control, although the use of PPE will be maximized if other controls such as elimination, substitution, enginee was already applied. This research was conducted at PT.XYZ which is one of the companies engaged in the delivery of goods through sea lanes located in Tanjung Perak, Surabaya by using analytical observational method with a cross sectional study design with a total sample of 38 people. The characteristics of the respondents and the level of compliance with the use of PPE were obtained from interviews with mechanical workers in the workshop area. From the results of interviews conducted, as many as 24 mechanical workers obedient in using PPE and 14 others are not obedient in using PPE. The result of statistical test using chi square test shows that there is correlation between knowledge level (p = 0,002) with level of compliance of PPE usage on mechanical worker in workshop area. Advisable for workers to further improve compliance and self-awareness in using personal protective equipment (APD) while working or while in the work environment because its relates to the personal health and safety of workers. For the company should be more firm in supervising the worker in this case about the habit of using personal protective equipment in accordance with the policy set.

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