Frequency of chronic diseases in elderly age group.

Objective: To determine the frequency of chronic diseases in elder age group of above 60 years along with their regular activities and functional limitations. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Thokar Niaz Baig Area of Lahore. Period: January 2017 to June 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 163 respondents, both males and females above the age of 60 years were interviewed using Quota sampling. Data was collected with the help of a pretested structured questionnaire after informed consent. Results: The mean age of our study sample was 69 ± 7.1 years. 63.8% were males while females were only 36.2%. Hypertension was found to be 69.3% followed by Diabetes in 51.5%, Visual disturbance 52.1%. Only 10.4% were dependent in physical activity in which 23.5% depends on paid attendants. Elderly depending among them on their son for any support of income were 90% and 90.2% of the study subjects lived with their family in joint family system while 9.8% lived among them. Out of all participants 75.5% have the decision power. Conclusion: The risk of diabetes, hypertension, and visual problems were more among the selected population of geriatrics.

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TB-DOTS PROGRAM;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2941 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 524-532

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ANWAR SULEHR ◽

AYUB `ALI

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Program Design ◽

Health Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Direct Supervision ◽

Suspect Identification ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To assess the performance of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in collection, storage & distribution of drugs andevaluate their effectiveness regarding TB suspect identification, referral, directly observing the intake of medicine, default identification andhealth education in TB-DOTS program. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: In district Toba Tek Singh. Period: From January to Sep2006. Materials & Methods: One hundred and Two LHWs were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Among 102 LHWs, 76.5% were trained in TB-DOTS. Sixty four (62.7%) had qualification matric and above. Collection of the drugswas being performed properly by 87.3%, while 83.4% were storing the anti-TB drugs at proper places. Anti-TB drugs were being distributedto patients daily by 95.1%. Under the direct supervision of LHWs 69.6% of TB patients had completed treatment. In the areas of 58.8% LHWs,TB patients were declared cured after 8 months treatment. Defaulted TB cases were present, in the areas of 19.6% LHWs, while 12.8% of theLHWs had relapsed TB cases in their areas. Most of the LHWs (85.3%) had proper record of medicine and of the patients (84.3%). Conclusion:The experienced and TB-DOTS trained LHWs of urban areas, in the age group of 41-50 years had overall good performance. The LHWs havingqualification matric and above had better performance than the LHWs having middle qualification. TB-DOTS program in district Toba Tek Singhwas working successfully and it should be continued with some improvements and innovations.

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HEPATITIS “C”

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.09.1699 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (09) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Adnan Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Rafique Hingoro

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Chronic Hcv ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine incidence of steatosis in non-responder casesof chronic HCV. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Sanatorium inMedicine Department of LIAQUAT University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Period: 26-9-2011to 25 August 2012. Material & Methods: Total 144 non-responders cases of Hepatitis C wereintegrated. Both gender, age 18 to 50 yrs, chronic HCV non-responder cases as well as cases fitfor hepatic biopsy were integrated in study. Grading of Inflammation was carried out as indicatedby histopathological measures. Results: Mean age was 48.5 + 5.2years. Uppermost prevalenceof chronic HCV disease was 65(45.13%) at 41 to 50 years age interval whereas 42(29.1%) caseswere noticed in 31 to 40 yrs age group and 25(17.3%) cases were observed in 20 to 30 yearsof young age group. In this study hepatic steatosis occurrence was observed in 103 (71.5%)cases and these were categories as: grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, as (<33%) 45/103(43.68%), (33to 66%) 35/103(33.98%), (>66%) 23/103(22.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosisis a important risk factor the cases of HCV to decreased response to antiviral therapy and forprogression toward fibrosis as observed in cases related to metabolic steatosis.

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BREECH PRESENTATION

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.04.2278 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (04) ◽

pp. 542-545

Author(s):

SHAHID IRSHAD RAO ◽

SHAZIA SIDDIQ ◽

RABIA REHMAN

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Breech Presentation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Setting

Objective: To determine the frequency of breech presentation at term. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department ofObstetrics and Gynaecoogy, Unit-III, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: June 2010 to May 2011 Material and methods: This study was carriedout in women with the age group 0-40 years. Breech presentation at term (37-41 completed weeks). Results: The frequency of breechpresentation at term was found to be 6.2%. 91% (215) of the patients were delivered by caesarean section and 9% (20) were delivered vaginally.Placenta previa and multiple pregnancy 8.51% each, congenital anomalies 4.25% and in 16.17% of the patients, no obvious cause was found.Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that the frequency of the breech presentation at term increased.

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PREVALENCE OF HBV, HCV AND HIV IN BLOOD DONORS AT LIAQUETPUR

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.01.5050 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD AYUB KHAN ◽

Muhammad Ashraf ◽

ABDUL REHMAN ◽

Azam Ali ◽

MUHAMMAD ASHRAF ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transfusion Center ◽

Blood Transfusion Center ◽

Study Setting

Objective: To know the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV.Design: Observational cross sectional study. Setting: Blood Transfusion Center Tehsil Headquarter HospitalLiaquetpur. Subjects and Methods: The data of blood donors from 2001 to 2003. Results: Total blood donors studiedwere 1426. The prevalence for hepatitis B was 5.96% (CL 4.84%-7.32%) It was 0.07% (CL <0.01% - 0.44%) for HCVand zero for HIV. The prevalence of HBV in males was 6.03% (CL 4.87%-7.45%) while 5.05% (CL 1.91%-11.63%) infemales (p=0. 6917). The prevalence in 17-20 years age group was 6.4% (CL 3.92%-10.23%), 5.81% (CL 4.6%-7.33%)in 21-40 years age group and in 41-60 years age group it was 4.35% (CL 1.33%-28.19%) [p=0.9029]. Conclusion:Hepatitis B is common, hepatitis C is an uncommon health problem while HIV is not present in this area.

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Frequency of fungal infections in nasal polypi.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.4203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2231-2234

Author(s):

Uzma Aslam ◽

Nausheen Henna ◽

Aman-ur- Rehman ◽

Saniyah Ali ◽

Shireen Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nasal Polypi ◽

Margin Of Error ◽

Study Setting ◽

Formalin Fixed

Objectives: Determine the frequency of fungal infections in nasal polypi. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Histopathology Department at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Period: Six months from 12/2/2015 to 12/8/2015. Material & Methods: Two hundred surgical resections/biopsies using 95% confidence level, with 7% margin of error were collected. Formalin fixed specimens of patients of both genders and 10- 60 years of age with nasal polyps received after surgical procedure in department of ENT. Grossing and processing was done. Hematoxyin & Eosin stained sections were examined by two consultant Histopathologists independently. The presence of fungal hyphae was confirmed by PAS and Silver stains. The study was approved by College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan. All the data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 200 patients all the patients showed the prescence of inflammatory cells in polyps (100%) with predominantly eosinophils in their submucosa (82%). Fungus was present in 48 cases (24%) most of them were in the age group of 42-57 years (13%) and 31(15.5%) patients having BMI <30 and 17(8.5%) having BMI >30 were positive for fungus.30 cases were of Aspergillus (62.5%) and rest 8 were of Mucor (37.5%). The fungus positive cases were more in males (13.5%). 160 of the cases were of unilateral polyps (80%) and 40 were of bilateral polypi (20%). Only 8% of the patients having diabetes had fungal infection. Conclusion: Hence, the frequency of fungal infection in nasal polypi is low with Aspergillus being the commonest pathogen affecting males predominantly.

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Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Elderly PLHIV Attending a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) ◽

10.1177/2325957417742672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 620-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepak Madi ◽

Neha Ramakrishnan ◽

Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽

John Ramapuram ◽

Basavaprabhu Achappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Age Group ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Route Of Transmission

Background: Physicians are coming across a considerable number of HIV-positive patients belonging to older age-group, in practice. They pose a challenge as they might present with advanced forms and comorbid conditions. We aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological profile of elderly people living with HIV. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. We analyzed the record of 120 patients from 2009 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients. Results: Of 786 HIV-positive patients, 120 were elderly. Mean age was 55.9 ± 6.1 years. Majority 68% were male. In all, 63.33% were male. Commonest route of transmission was heterosexual intercourse, most presented at World Health Organization (WHO) stage 1 (64.17%). In all, 77.5% had hypertension and 26.6% had tuberculosis. The median CD4 count at presentation was 245 cells/mm3 (145-426 cells/mm3). Forty-two percent were late presenters (CD4 <200 cells/mm3). Conclusion: Treating physician should have a high index of suspicion in diagnosing HIV among elderly age-group.

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HYPONATREMIA;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.11.670 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1647-1651

Author(s):

Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽

Ayesha Ghafoor ◽

Ifrah Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

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Frequency of drug detoxification treatment completers and non-completers.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.04.3700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

Kheenpal Das ◽

Muhammad Ilyas Jat ◽

Saima Qureshi ◽

Tarique Arain ◽

Anum Haider

Keyword(s):

Public Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Drug Detoxification ◽

First Time ◽

Study Setting

Objective: To determine the frequency of drug detoxification treatment completers and non-completers admitted at a tertiary care public hospital at Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Period: 15thJanuary 2018 to 15thJune 2018. Material & Methods: Totals 124cases of substance users of any type who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. History and thorough examinations carried out at ward. Results: Predominant age group was 26-35 years with majority of unemployed and brought for admission by family. Majority were using cannabinoids followed by opioids through smoking and snuffing form. Majority of them were admitted for first time and were taking substance for 1-5 years and every day. Out of 124 males 58.9% completed treatment while 41.1% did not complete treatment and left ward. Statistically age group, employment status, no of admissions, duration of use and frequency of use were significant. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a quite high and alarming ratio of patients who do not succeed to quite substance use.

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Correlation of level of expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 with disease activity in Elderly patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A cross sectional study

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 348-350

Author(s):

ANUP SINGH

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Bone Erosion ◽

Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dickkopf 1

Objective: To correlate the level of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of elderly age group. Methods: Serum samples were collected elderly RA patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria coming to Geriatric outdoor clinic between June 2018 to September 2018. DKK-1 was detected by ELISA. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF) titers, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody were also measured in patients with RA. Results: Twenty one patients were enrolled in study period. The serum level of DKK-1 was significantly higher in patients with severe RA with high DAS score (p < 0.01); The serum DKK-1 level was correlated with T-score (r= -0.588; p = 0.005), Z-Score(r= -0.458, p = 0.037) and the larson score of radiologic change (r = +0.673, p = 0.001) in RA, however not correlated significantly with ESR, CRP. Conclusion: DKK-1 may serve as a biomarker of bone erosion and correlates with the disease activity in RA patients of elderly age group. Keyword: DKK 1, Rheumatoid arthritis, Geriatric, Osteoporosis.

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MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.05.425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (05) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kishwar Naheed ◽

Shirza Nadeem ◽

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Altaf Pervez Qasim ◽

Summyia Sadia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

High Increase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Unnatural Death ◽

One Year ◽

Medical University ◽

The City ◽

Study Setting

Background: Due to high increase in the population, there is sharp increase in the accidental, homicidal, suicidal and natural deaths. Objective: To evaluate and audit the frequency of death patterns in the city of Faisalabad. Study Design: It is a cross sectional study. Setting & Duration: Study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad for a period of one year i.e. 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2017. Methodology: The record of all unnatural deaths brought for medicolegal autopsies during the study period were examined in detail with special reference to the frequency of death patterns, manners & modalities of those cases. The data was entered in the predesigned performa & analysed by using SPSS. Results: Study revealed that frequency of unnatural death in Faisalabad is similar to those conducted in other cities, but higher rates may be due to the fact that Faisalabad is thickly populated & third largest city of Pakistan. Out of total 255 cases of unnatural deaths reported for medico-legal autopsies in FMU Faisalabad (80.40 %) were male and (19.6%) females. Accidental deaths occurred in (28.62%) cases, homicidal deaths involved (50.58%), suicide took the lives of (3.9%) cases and (2.7%) persons died of natural causes whereas manner of death remained undetermined in (14.11%) cases. Unnatural deaths were reported more frequently in the age group 20–29 years involving (24.70%) cases. Conclusion: Homicide is higher in this region and Firearm is the weapon of choice for assailants. This increasing death toll of homicide may be due to increase in frustration and intolerance in the society.

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