Molecular detection on the blaKPC gene in the extensively prevalent nosocomial isolates of drug resistant Acinetobacter spp at hospital in southeastern region of Brazil

Abstract Background: Multiple-drug resistant Acinetobacter have widely spread in the last decades imposing a serious nosocomial source of infection. Nevertheless, little knowledge was gaimed on tracing the development of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species. Objectives: Explore Acinetobacter spp. via antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and random amplified polymorphism DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) typing. Methods: One hundred twelve Acinetobacter isolates (including 66 A. baumannii and 46 non-Acinetobacter baumannii strains) were obtained from three university hospitals. The source of infection of these isolates included blood, urine, wound, and respiratory tract. Their susceptibilities to 17 antibiotics were tested and then all Acinetobacter isolates were typed by plasmid analysis and RAPD-PCR method. Results: A. baumannii isolates revealed nine different patterns of antibiotic resistance. Of those, non- A. baumannii, were associated with plasmid and RAPD-PCR typings (p <0.05). A. baumannii was more resistant to multiple antibiotics than non-A. baumannii (p <0.05). Seven different plasmid profiles were observed among 112 Acinetobacter isolates. Plasmids were found in 107 (95.5%) of the 112 isolates. Unlike in RAPD-PCR typing, there was no difference between the type of Acinetobacter, A. or non-A. baumannii strains and plasmid profiles (p >0.05). By RAPD-PCR, six profiles were found for each A. and non-A. baumannii strains. The pattern 6 was the most common pattern among the isolates. Both plasmid and RAPD-PCR typing showed no association between plasmid profiling and site of infection (p >0.05). Conclusion: There is a wide spread of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp., particularly A. baumannii, in the Middle East region that can be traced efficiently by plasmid and genotyping typing of Acinetobacter. More care should be taken for tracing the development of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter using precise molecular typing techniques.

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Molecular epidemiology of mcr gene group

Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.36488/cmac.2020.4.287-300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 287-300

Author(s):

Elizaveta D. Shedko ◽

O.Yu. Timoshina ◽

Ilya Sulejmanovich Azyzov

Keyword(s):

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Gene Group ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Highly Sensitive

Colistin and polymyxin B are the “last reserve” antimicrobials for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The rapidly increasing prevalence of polymyxin resistance mediated by the mcr gene localized on plasmid DNA currently poses a high epidemiological threat. In order to control a distribution of mcr genes, it is necessary to develop highly accurate, highly sensitive and easy-to-use diagnostic tools. This paper provides a review of the most relevant studies on the molecular epidemiology as well as current approaches to microbiological and molecular detection of mcr group genes.

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Drug Utilization Evaluation of Colistin: A Retrospective Study

Archives of Anesthesia and Critical Care ◽

10.18502/aacc.v8i1.8244 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Elahe Ghasri ◽

Farzaneh Hematian ◽

Reza Ganji ◽

Mandana Izadpanah

Keyword(s):

Health Information System ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Loading Dose ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Usage Pattern ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

R Software ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Background: Colistin, is used as the last treatment line for infections concluded from multiple drug-resistant gram-negative microorganisms. Increased consumption of colistin leads to resistance to this antibiotic in many countries. This study investigated the usage pattern of colistin administration in a selected hospital in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in a selected hospital in Ahvaz. Inclusion criteria were all patients who received colistin during this time according to the health information system. Patients who were received less than three doses of colistin were excluded from the study. Prescription of colistin in all patients was evaluated according to the protocol extracted from the last version of Lexicomp written by Wolters Kluwer. The descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out by the R software. Results: Among 27 patients who received colistin, pneumonia (30%) was the main diagnoses. Colistin administration was based on the microbiological culture data in 70% of cases. Considering the involved microorganism, most cases were Acinetobacter spp., followed by Klebsiella spp. Loading dose was prescribed for seven (26%) patients. In only five (19%) cases, colistin dosing, including loading dose, maintenance dose, and the interval of colistin administration, was appropriate during the study time. Increasing in serum creatinine was seen in two (7.4%) patients. In 29.4% of patients, the combination of colistin and carbapenems was observed. Conclusion: Given the lack of appropriate dose adjustment of colistin that may lead to incidence of resistance and adverse effect, applying of the specialist clinical pharmacist will be suggested.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility profile and effect of stem bark extracts of Curtisia dentata on multi-drug resistant verotoxic Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp. isolates obtained from water and wastewater samples

Science and Technology Against Microbial Pathogens ◽

10.1142/9789814354868_0054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Hamuel James Doughari ◽

Patrick Alois Ndakidemi ◽

Izanne Susan Human ◽

Spinney Benade

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Samples

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Molecular detection of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi and carbapenem-resistant pathogens in pediatric septicemia patients in Pakistan – a public health concern

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman Qamar ◽

Atifa Ambreen ◽

Alia Batool ◽

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool ◽

Muhammad Shafique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Health Concern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Alert System ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

High Prevalence

Aim: To determine the prevalence of multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens from pediatric blood samples Methods: In total, 4543 children's blood samples were processed in the BacT/ALERT system. Confirmation of the isolates and MIC was determined in VITEK® 2 system. Molecular identification of blaIMP, blaVIM and blaOXA-48 was done by PCR. Results: Of 4543 blood cultures, 458 (10%) were positive for bacterial growth and Salmonella Typhi (415; 90%) remained the primary pathogens. Antibiogram revealed 208 (50.1%) and 137 (33%) were MDR and XDR S. Typhi, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae displayed 46% resistance to imipenem. One hundred twelve (81.7%) XDR Typhi were positive for blaCTXM, whereas 14 (66.6%) blaVIM were found in carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Conclusion: A high prevalence of MDR and XDR pathogens was found in peads blood culture.

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