scholarly journals Using Multi-Group Invariance Analysis in Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences in Mathematics Anxiety: A Comparison of Australia and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zara Ersozlu ◽  
Muhammet Usak ◽  
Damian Blake
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Scalar Model ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Group Invariance ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Mathematical Anxiety ◽  
International Data

Mathematics anxiety is well known and studied concept. Most of the studies have been focused on the effects of mathematical anxiety on students’ academic achievement, especially from the viewpoint of analysing large national and international data sets. We aim to bring a different perspective to the existing research on mathematics anxiety and resilience by considering the measurement equivalence across cultures, so they can be compared fairly. We used Multi Group Invariance analysis with this purpose. Our findings suggested that full metric and partial scalar model invariance were confirmed which advise that the mathematics anxiety scale can be compared across two countries. We also ran multiple regression using Fisher’s Z to understand the reciprocal relationship among the variables across two samples. Preliminary results revealed that the perceived mathematics anxiety and perceived mathematics ability predict the measured mathematics anxiety equally well for both Australia and Russia.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural differences in the epidemiology of unexplained fatigue syndromes in primary care

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

BackgroundUnexplained fatigue has been extensively studied but most of the samples used were from Western countries.AimsTo present international data on the prevalence of unexplained fatigue and fatigue as a presenting complaint in primary care.MethodSecondary analysis of the World Health Organization study of psychological problems in general health care. A total of 5438 primary care attenders from 14 countries were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsThe prevalence of unexplained fatigue of 1-month duration differed across centres, with a range between 2.26 (95% CI 1.17–4.33) and 15.05 (95% CI 10.85–20.49). Subjects from more-developed countries were more likely to report unexplained fatigue but less likely to present with fatigue to physicians compared with subjects from less developed countries.ConclusionsIn less-developed countries fatigue might be an indicator of unmet psychiatric need, but in more-developed countries it is probably a symbol of psychosocial distress.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

Children’s Participation Rights in Film Classification Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Covell
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Child Participation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
International Data ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Administrative Proceeding ◽  
High Degree

Film classification helps countries meet their obligations to protect children under Article 17(e) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Classifying films is an administrative proceeding that affects children, by limiting and setting conditions on what they can view. Therefore, children should have their interests represented or otherwise participate, as required by Article 12. This paper researches the degrees and methods of child participation in film classification systems, primarily by a survey of agencies. Based on data from 22 agencies in 17 countries, 73 per cent have some degree of child participation. This ranges from providing a website for children, to children’s panels reviewing and discussing classification for pre-screened films. Comparison with other international data sets suggests countries with a high degree of child participation in film classification are those which are generally making good progress implementing children’s rights.

scholarly journals Frozen transitions to adulthood of young people in Slovenia?

Sociologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Kuhar ◽  
Herwig Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
International Data ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Youth Transitions

This article reviews key-indicators of youth transitions in Slovenia over the last decades and highlights some of the inherent tensions. Against the background of the metaphor of ?frozen transitions?, which tries to grasp some of the contradictions between the speed of societal change and the stagnating development of youth towards independence, the article describes and reflects the development of youth transitions in the three domains of employment, housing and parenthood. The basis is a selection of indicators available in international data sets and surveys that allow to trace the change at least over the last two decades after the breakdown of Yugoslavia. Our findings indicate that transitions in Slovenia are frozen in all three domains, which challenges the usefulness of the conventional life course framework for studying post-communist contexts.

Hopelessness and terminal illness: The construct of hopelessness in patients with advanced AIDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARRY ROSENFELD ◽  
CHRISTOPHER GIBSON ◽  
MICHAEL KRAMER ◽  
WILLIAM BREITBART
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Life Threatening

Objective: Understanding the construct of hopelessness in the context of a life-threatening or terminal illness is a complex and challenging undertaking. The objective of this study was to examine the construct of hopelessness in patients with advanced AIDS by examining the structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in this specific population.Methods: For the past three decades, the primary measure used to study hopelessness in a variety of populations has been the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Several factor analytic studies have been published using this scale, with studies of nonclinical samples typically describing a two-factor model (optimism and pessimism), whereas clinical samples have consistently generated a third factor (lack of motivation to make changes). We used confirmatory factor analysis to analyze two data sets in patients with AIDS.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in two samples of patients with far advanced AIDS revealed a clear superiority for a three-factor model.Significance of results: The Beck Hopelessness Scale has unique characteristics when applied to a terminally ill population. The implications of these results for studies of terminal illness are discussed.

Use of Standard Deviations as Predictors in Models Using Large-Scale International Data Sets

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Austin ◽  
Brian French ◽  
Olusola Adesope ◽  
Chad Gotch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
International Data ◽  
Standard Deviations

scholarly journals Social Security and Democracy

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey B Mulligan ◽  
Ricard Gil ◽  
Xavier X Sala-i-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
South American ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
International Data ◽  
Social Security Policy ◽  
Southern European Countries

Abstract Using some new international data sets to produce both across-country econometric estimates as well as case studies of South American and southern European countries, we find that Social Security policies vary according to economic and demographic factors but that very different political histories can result in the same Social Security policy. We find weak partial correlation between democracy and the size of Social Security budgets, on how those budgets are allocated, or how economic and demographic factors affect Social Security. If there is any observed difference between democracies and non-democracies, it is that the former spend a little less of their GDP on Social Security, grow their budgets a bit more slowly, and cap their payroll tax more often, than do economically and demographically similar non-democracies. Democracies and non-democracies are equally likely to have benefit formulas inducing retirement and, conditional on GDP per capita, equally likely to induce retirement with a retirement test vs. an earnings test.

scholarly journals Features of Volitional Regulation of Komi-Zyryans and Russians

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Shlyapnikov ◽  
O.V. Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The results of a cross-cultural study of volitional regulation in Komi-Zyryans and Russians are presented. Two samples of 100 representatives of Komi (Syktyvkar) and 100 representatives of Russian (Moscow) was compared. The samples were balanced by gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics. To diagnose the individual characteristics of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-evaluation of volitional qualities. The significant differences between Komi-Zyryans and Russians in behavioral (p=0,05) and social self-control (p=0,01), self-appraisals of volitional qualities: disciplined (p=0,01), persistent (p=0,01), strong-willed (p=0,05), initiative (p=0,05), restrained (p=0,05), patient (p=0,01), stubborn (p=0,01), calm (p=0,01), attentive (p=0,01) were showed. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the presence of cross-cultural differences in the parameters of volitional regulation and confirm the ideas of the volition as a higher mental function.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL ANXIETY AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana ◽  
Tri Sutanti ◽  
Aji Prasetya Wibawa ◽  
Ahmad Muhammad Diponegoro
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Private University ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Classroom Culture ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Mathematical Anxiety ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Mathematical anxiety has a negative relationship with mathematics performance and achievement. Further explained, mathematics anxiety has an indirect effect on mathematics performance. This research explores sources or factors related to mathematics anxiety among engineering students at a private university in Indonesia. A total of 47 engineering students participated in this survey that randomly chosen based on gender, major, and age. Two main factors are affecting the mathematics anxiety of engineering students, namely internal and external factors. The results show that mathematics anxiety among engineering students is manifested into three aspects. Firstly, the home aspects are talking about the influence of parents and sibling. Secondly, society's issues are discussing self-efficacy, social reinforcement to hate mathematics, and social stereotypes. Lastly, the classroom aspects are talking about the traditional mathematics learning process and classroom culture, namely the experience of learning mathematics in classrooms and relationships between friends during learning. The details of the statements under the aspects also highlight unique problems and are not covered by previous research in mathematical anxiety. Next, differences in mathematics anxiety by gender and faculty were examined.

scholarly journals Rasch Analysis: Students' Mathematics Anxiety and Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Rahmita Sonia ◽  
Alizamar Alizamar ◽  
Alwen Bentri ◽  
Febri Wandha Putra
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Mathematical Anxiety

Ideally students follow mathematics learning effectively without any disturbance. But the phenomenon that is happening is that there are students who experience anxiety about mathematics, which causes students to not be able to follow mathematics learning effectively. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of mathematics anxiety experienced by students as a whole and also based on the aspects studied. This study involved 32 students in class XII consisting of 18 female students and 14 male students. The instrument  used in this research in the form of a questionnaire containing statements about mathematical anxiety equipped with a Likert scale model. Data analysis using frequency distribution techniques and Rasch Model analysis. The results of the analysis of research data indicate that some students experience mathematical anxiety. In addition, the results of data analysis also showed that there were differences in anxiety between female students and male students both overall and based on aspects of the mathematics anxiety studied.

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