scholarly journals The Prevalence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains among Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infection in Zakho Hospitals-Zakho City, Duhok Province/ Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Marwa Ibrahim ◽  
Haval Mohammed Khalid ◽  
Wijdan M S Mer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Uida Gene ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Species Specific

This study involved the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) among outpatients of UTI attending three major hospitals in Zakho city. Four hundred urine samples were collected from patients of UTI of both sexes and different ages (≤ 1 year to over 50 years), during the period from July 2018 until January 2019. All urine samples were analyzed by conventional bacteriological method for the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli), while molecular method was used for the presence of species-specific uidA gene in the isolated E. coli. Out of 400 samples, 141 (35.25%) were infected with UPEC from enrolled patients. The rate was higher in females than males (90.78% vs 9.22%), respectively. In both sexes, the age group 41-50 years in both sexes showed the highest rate (46.67%) of infection, and statistically this rate of infection was significant (p< 0.013) among both sexes and various age groups. Furthermore, in all ages, married patients showed slightly higher prevalence than un-married one (38% vs 32.5%), but this difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05%). The rate of UTI was higher among urban inhabitants (40.56%) than others. During the months of the year, the peak (90.48%) in both sexes was during December while the lowest rates (13.64%) was during January.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTI infected patients of Koshi Zonal Hospital in Biratnagar, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
S Chaudhary ◽  
B Khatiwada ◽  
N K Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from urine samples isolated from UTI infected patients of Koshi zonal hospital, Biratnagar.Methods: A total of 51 urine samples from urinary tract infected patients were collected from Koshi zonal hospital, Biratnagar in the period of July to August 2017. Following the isolation and identification of biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The biofilm detection was done by Congo red agar method.Results: In the present study, 45% of the urine samples showed a predominant growth of E. coli, among which 70% of isolates exhibited positive biofilm formation. Biofilm forming isolates revealed 100%, 87.5%, 75%, 63% and 12.5% resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin respectively. Approximately 87.5% of biofilm-forming isolates were found multi-drug resistant.Conclusion: The study revealed the major issue of UTI by E. coli which may be due to poor sanitation, not the proper cleanliness of genitals and unsafe sexual intercourse. Nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin were examined the most effective antibiotics for UPEC. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 47-54 

scholarly journals Prevalence and comparative likelihood of urinary tract infection (UTI) among female out patients in BSMMU

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Fahmida Munir ◽  
AZM Shafiullah ◽  
Farhana Muznebin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli

Out of 200 urine samples of female out patients from BSMMU hospital, 128 (64%) cases were detected as Escherichia coli positive, 66.67% of cases in summer and 60% in winter. To compare the risks of E. coli infection in summer and winter and also among different age groups, odd ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were used as measures of comparative likelihood. The values of both OR and RR were greater than one when the risk of E. coli infection of adults (16-35) was compared with that of middle age (36-50) and old age (51-70) groups. The adults were always at higher risk of UTI by E. coli, and the livelihood of infection was not equal in summer and winter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14317 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 231-239, 2012

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli by Flow Cytometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mihaela Velican ◽  
Luminiţa Măruţescu ◽  
Crina Kamerzan ◽  
Violeta Corina Cristea ◽  
Otilia Banu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Early preliminary data on antibiotic resistance patterns available before starting the empiric therapy of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with risk factors for acquiring antibiotic resistance could improve both clinical and epidemiological outcomes. The aim of the present study was two-fold: (i) to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates, exhibiting different antibiotic resistance phenotypes, directly in artificially contaminated urine samples using a flow cytometry (FC) based protocol; (ii) to optimize the protocol on urine samples deliberately contaminated with bacterial suspensions prepared from uropathogenic E. coli strains. Results: The results of the FC based antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) protocol were compared with the reference AST methods results (disk diffusion and broth microdilution) for establishing the sensitivity and specificity. The proposed FC protocol allowed the detection and quantification of uropathogenic E. coli strains susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone within 4 h after the inoculation of urine specimens. The early availability of preliminary antibiotic susceptibility results provided by direct analysis of clinical specimens could essentially contribute to a more targeted emergency therapy of UTIs in the anticipation of AST results obtained by reference methodology. Conclusions: This method will increase the therapeutic success rate and help to prevent the emergence and dissemination of drug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli Encoding Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Isolated from Diarrheic Patients in Minna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Iseghohi F ◽  
Galadima M ◽  
Kuta FA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Escherichia coli remains one of the most isolated etiological agents of diarrhea, accounting for more than 1 million deaths and about 4% of the total global disability-adjusted life-years (DALYS) per year across all age groups according to the global disease burden. This study evaluated multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli encoding extended spectrum beta-lactamases isolated from diarrheic patients in Minna, Nigeria using standard microbiological methods. A prevalence of 37.7% of Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) was obtained from the stool samples evaluated. Within the environment sampled, age group 21 – 30 years had the highest E. coli isolation rate (27.8%) while age group ≥71years had the least E. coli isolation rate (2.6%). Females (64.9%) were the most affected compared to males (35.1%). The isolates were significantly resistant to most of the beta-lactams tested especially to 3rd generation cephalosporins [Cefotaxime (98.2%), cefuroxime (93%), ceftazidime (84.2%), Augmentin (70.2%), Amoxicillin (59.6%)]. Resistance to other classes of antibiotics was also observed in varying percentages. A high percentage (98.2% and 87.7%) of the diarrheagenic E. coli had a multiple resistant index (MARI) ≥ of 0.3. The isolates had varying patterns of resistance with 47.6% resistant to more than 5 classes of antibiotics tested and produced ESBL characteristics phenotypically. Molecular evaluation showed that 40%, 50%, and 90% of the isolates harbored the OXA, CTX-M and TEM genes respectively while 50% harbored VEB and PER genes. This study isolated E. coli from diarrheic patients with multidrug resistance profiles and encodes more than one type of ESBL gene within Minna, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Esherichia coli isolated from urine samples in patients visiting tertiary health care centre in Eastern Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Thakur ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
KR Rijal ◽  
GK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections caused by microbial invasion of tissue lining the urinary tract. Escherichia coli is the primary etiologic agent among both outpatients and inpatients. Antimicrobial resistance is an evolving and growing problem in UTI. Of more concern is increasing incidence of infections caused by strains of E. coli that are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Objective: The study was conducted with the objective to monitor the prevalence of E. coli and to assess the trend of drug resistance in patients visiting Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal. Materials and Methods: Specimens were collected aseptically and cultured in bacteriological culture media and identified by using standard microbiological techniques as described in Bergey’s Manual of systemic bacteriology. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of 508 non-repeated urine samples the total growth was 18.30% (n=93). E. coli accounted for 86.02% (n=80). Highest samples were belonged to the age group 21-40 years and least samples belonged to the age group >61.Of total antibiotics used, amikacin showed the highest susceptibility of 96.25% followed by nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime with 92.5%, 77.5%, 72.5% and 71.25% respectively among the isolates. Least susceptibility was shown by nalidixic acid with 22.5%. About half of the isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while no significant differences were seen among susceptibility to different antibiotics and age groups. Total multiple drug resistance (MDR) was 38.75% (n=31) with highest isolates belonged to the age group 21-40 years and least belonged to the age group <20 years. However, no significant difference was seen between MDR and age groups. The MDR was higher in male, 59.1% (13/22) than in female, 31.03% (18/58) which was statistically significant (p=0.021) showing about three times more MDR in male than in female. Conclusion: This study found more than one third of the urinary E. coli isolates were MDR. Higher resistance was seen to fluroquinolones and about one third to third generation cephalosporins. This necessitates a reevaluation of first and second line therapies for the treatment of UTI and regular monitoring of the usage of antimicrobials is done so as to optimize the empirical therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8657 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 22-26

scholarly journals 1699. Variation of antimicrobial resistance by age groups for outpatient UTI isolates in US females: A multicenter evaluation from 2011 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S832-S832
Author(s):  
Keith S Kaye ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Aruni Mulgirigama ◽  
Ashish V Joshi ◽  
Nicole Scangarella-Oman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Material Support ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background An estimated 12% of women experience ≥ 1 episode of urinary tract infection (UTI) annually. Incidence is bimodal, with peaks occurring in young, sexually active women (18–24 years) and in post-menopausal women. Previous studies suggest the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in UTI is rising; however recent AMR data for community-acquired UTI are lacking. We estimated the prevalence of AMR among US females with outpatient UTI in 2011–2019, stratified by age. Methods A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of AMR among non-duplicate urine isolates in US females (≥ 12 years of age) from 296 institutions from 2011–2019 (BD Insights Research Database, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Phenotypes examined for Enterobacterales (ENT) were: extended spectrum β-lactamase positive (ESBL+; determined by commercial panels or intermediate/resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime or cefepime); nitrofurantoin (NFT) not-susceptible (NS); fluoroquinolone (FQ) NS; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) NS; and NS to ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 drug classes (including ESBL+). Gram-positive phenotypes were, methicillin resistant S. aureus and S. saprophyticus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Isolates were stratified by patient age (≥ 12 to &lt; 18, ≥ 18 to &lt; 55, ≥ 55 to &lt; 65, ≥ 65 to &lt; 75, ≥ 75 years). Chi-square tests were used to evaluate AMR difference between groups. Results In total, urine isolates were collected from 106 to 296 (2011–2019) US sites. Overall, the prevalence of antimicrobial NS increased with age for all E. coli phenotypes (all P&lt; 0.001; Table 1), and for non-E. coli ENT (all P&lt; 0.001), except NFT NS, which decreased from 70.6% to 59.7% (P=0.002; Table 2). The greatest difference between age groups in prevalence of resistance was observed for FQ NS E.coli: 5.8% (≥ 12 to &lt; 18 years) vs 34.5% (≥ 75 years). For the multi-drug resistant E. coli phenotypes, resistance increased with age, ranging from 4.8–22.4% and 0.9–6.5% for ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 drug NS, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of resistance for Gram-positive phenotypes increased with age (all P&lt; 0.001; Table 3). Table 1. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolates in US females with outpatient UTI by age group. Table 2. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among non-E. coli ENT isolates in US females with outpatient UTI by age group. Table 3. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive isolates in US females with outpatient UTI by age group. Conclusion The prevalence of AMR in E. coli and non-E. coli ENT increased with age among US females presenting for care in the outpatient setting overall. A similar trend increase by age is also seen in Gram-positive isolates. Disclosures Vikas Gupta, PharmD, BCPS, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee, Shareholder)GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Other Financial or Material Support, Funding) Aruni Mulgirigama, MBBS, GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Employee, Shareholder) Ashish V. Joshi, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Employee, Shareholder) Nicole Scangarella-Oman, MS, GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Employee, Shareholder) Kalvin Yu, MD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee)GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Other Financial or Material Support, Funding) Gang Ye, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee)GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Other Financial or Material Support, Funding) Fanny S. Mitrani-Gold, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline plc. (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Regulation of Expression of the TIR-Containing Protein C Gene of the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain CFT073

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Julia Ittensohn ◽  
Jacqueline Hemberger ◽  
Hannah Griffiths ◽  
Maren Keller ◽  
Simone Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reporter Construct ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strain Cft073 ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

The uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 causes kidney abscesses in mice Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein C (TcpC) dependently and the corresponding gene is present in around 40% of E. coli isolates of pyelonephritis patients. It impairs the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling chain and the NACHT leucin-rich repeat PYD protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) by binding to TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 as well as to NLRP3 and caspase-1, respectively. Overexpression of the tcpC gene stopped replication of CFT073. Overexpression of several tcpC-truncation constructs revealed a transmembrane region, while its TIR domain induced filamentous bacteria. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that tcpC expression is presumably tightly controlled. We tested two putative promoters designated P1 and P2 located at 5′ of the gene c2397 and 5′ of the tcpC gene (c2398), respectively, which may form an operon. High pH and increasing glucose concentrations stimulated a P2 reporter construct that was considerably stronger than a P1 reporter construct, while increasing FeSO4 concentrations suppressed their activity. Human urine activated P2, demonstrating that tcpC might be induced in the urinary tract of infected patients. We conclude that P2, consisting of a 240 bp region 5′ of the tcpC gene, represents the major regulator of tcpC expression.

scholarly journals Characterization of Anti-Bacterial Effect of the Two New Phages against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Lívia Slobodníková ◽  
Barbora Markusková ◽  
Michal Kajsík ◽  
Michal Andrezál ◽  
Marek Straka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the events that most frequently need medical intervention. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are frequently their causative agents and the infections are sometimes complicated by the presence of polyresistant nosocomial strains. Phage therapy is a tool that has good prospects for the treatment of these infections. In the present study, we isolated and characterized two bacteriophages with broad host specificity against a panel of local uropathogenic E. coli strains and combined them into a phage cocktail. According to genome sequencing, these phages were closely related and belonged to the Tequatrovirus genus. The newly isolated phages showed very good activity on a panel of local clinical E. coli strains from urinary tract infections. In the form of a two-phage cocktail, they were active on E. coli strains belonging to phylogroups B2 and D, with relatively lower activity in B1 and no response in phylogroup A. Our study is a preliminary step toward the establishment of a national phage bank containing local, well-characterized phages with therapeutic potential for patients in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Enterobactin- and salmochelin-β-lactam conjugates induce cell morphologies consistent with inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins in uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Sargun ◽  
Timothy C. Johnstone ◽  
Hui Zhi ◽  
Manuela Raffatellu ◽  
Elizabeth M. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
E Coli

Siderophore-β-lactam conjugates based on enterobactin and diglucosylated enterobactin enter the periplasm of uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 via the FepA and IroN transporters, and target penicillin-binding proteins.

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