scholarly journals Diketopiperazines from Alternaria dauci

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Leyte-Lugo ◽  
Pascal Richomme ◽  
Luis M. Peña-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Metabolites Production

Abstract. Alternaria dauci is the causal agent of Alternaria leaf blight (ALB), a foliar disease of carrot crops (Daucus carota) around the world. In terms of phytotoxic metabolites production, A. dauci has received limited attention. Previous studies carried out on the secondary metabolites involved in the pathogenicity of this fungus have only reported the isolation of a ubiquitous non-selective phytotoxin known as zinniol. Because of this, the aim of this research is directed towards the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites involved in the plant-pathogen interaction process. A. dauci was cultured in the Czapek-Dox medium, and the culture filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate. The leaf-spot assay of fractions resulting from the partition process showed a phytotoxic effect in the ethyl acetate fraction. The chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate fraction allowed the isolation of seven diketopiperazines, identified as cyclo-(pro-val) (1), cyclo-(pro-leu) (2), cyclo-(pro-phe) (3), cyclo-(val-leu) (4), cyclo-(val-phe) (5), cyclo-(leu-phe) (6) and cyclo-(leu-tyr) (7). The structures of the different metabolites were established by comparing their spectroscopic (1H NMR) and spectrometric (GC-MS) data with those reported in the literature.   Resumen. Alternaria dauci es el agente causal del tizón de la hoja (ALB), una enfermedad foliar que afecta los cultivos de zanahoria (Daucus carota) alrededor del mundo. En términos de producción de metabolitos fitotóxicos, A. dauci ha recibido una atención muy limitada. Estudios previos llevados a cabo sobre los metabolitos secundarios involucrados en la patogenicidad de este hongo, solo han reportado el aislamiento de una fitotoxina no selectiva y ubicua conocida como zinniol. Debido a lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación se dirige al aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos secundarios implicados en la interacción planta-patógeno. Para esto el fitopatógeno se cultivó en medio Czapek-Dox y el filtrado del cultivo se extrajo con acetato de etilo. La evaluación de las fracciones resultantes de la partición, en el ensayo de manchas foliares en hojas, mostró un efecto fitotóxico en la fracción de acetato de etilo. La separación cromatográfica de la fracción de acetato de etilo permitió el aislamiento de siete dicetopiperazinas identificadas como ciclo-(pro-val) (1), ciclo-(pro-leu) (2), ciclo-(pro-phe) (3), ciclo-(val-leu) (4), ciclo-(val-phe) (5), ciclo-(leu-phe) (6) y ciclo-(leu-tyr) (7). Las estructuras de los diferentes metabolitos se establecieron comparando sus datos espectroscópicos (1H RMN) y espectrométricos (CG-EM) con los reportados en la literatura.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of the Five Novel Flavonoids from Genipa americana Leaves

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Silva ◽  
Jovelina Alves ◽  
Emerson da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Manoel de Souza Neto ◽  
Lucas Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
First Time

Genipa americana is a medicinal plant popularly known as “jenipapo”, which occurs in Brazil and belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is a species widely distributed in the tropical Central and South America, especially in the Cerrado biome. Their leaves and fruits are used as food and popularly in folk medicine to treat anemias, as an antidiarrheal, and anti-syphilitic. Iridoids are the main secondary metabolites described from G. americana, but few studies have been conducted with their leaves. In this study, the aim was to chemical approach for identify the main compounds present at the extract of G. americana leaves. The powdered leaves were extracted by maceration with EtOH: water (70:30, v/v), following liquid-liquid partition with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. A total of 13 compounds were identified. In addition three flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction: quercetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 1), kaempferol-3-O-robinoside (GAF 2) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside (GAF 3) and, from n-butanol fraction more two flavonoids were isolated, kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside (robinin) (GAF 4) and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinoside-7-rhamnoside (GAF 5). Chemical structures of these five flavonoids were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (MS, 1H and 13C-NMR 1D and 2D). These flavonoids glycosides were described for the first time in G. americana.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLIT COMPOUNDS IN ETIL ASETIC FRACTIONS ON MINDI LEAF

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Nurul Lutfia ◽  
Sri Atun
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Base Peak ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dendrophthoe Falcata

This study was aimed at isolating and identifying secondary metabolites contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of parasitic leaves (Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f)) Ettingsh which attaches to the stem of Mindi plants (Melia azedarach). The subjects in this study were leaves of parasitic plants on Mindi plants. While the objects in this study were secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of parasite plants attached to the mindi plant. The research method was carried out by extracting macerated leaves of D. falcata with ethanol solvents. The ethanol extract obtained was partitioned using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate fraction was separated by gravity column chromatography (CCG). The relatively non-polar fraction that has shown a single stain is tested for purity using 3 different types of solvents and identified using UV-Vis, IR, and GC-MS. The results showed that the compounds that could be isolated and identified from the relatively non-polar ethyl acetate fraction of D. falcata leaves were stigmast-5-en-3β-ol with an abundance of 6.49%, having a molecular weight of m / z 414 with base peak 55. Compounds sterols are compounds commonly found in parasitic plantsISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN MINDIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam fraksi etil asetat daun benalu (Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f)) Ettingsh yang menempel pada batang tumbuhan Mindi (Melia azedarach). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah daun tumbuhan benalu pada tanaman mindi. Sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah senyawa metabolit sekunder dari fraksi etil asetat daun tumbuhan benalu yang menempel pada tanaman mindi. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan ekstraksi maserasi daun D. falcata dengan pelarut etanol. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh dipartisi menggunakan n-heksana, kloroform, dan etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat dipisahkan secara kromatografi kolom gravitasi (KKG). Fraksi relatif non polar yang sudah menunjukkan noda tunggal diuji kemurniannya menggunakan 3 jenis pelarut yang berbeda dan diidentifikasi menggunakan UV-Vis, IR, dan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa yang dapat diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dari fraksi etil asetat relatif nonpolar daun D. falcata adalah stigmast-5-en-3β-ol dengan kelimpahan 6,49 %, memiliki berat molekul m/z 414 dengan base peak 55. Senyawa sterol merupakan senyawa yag lazim ditemukan dalam tumbuhan benalu.  

scholarly journals Effect of Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Activity of Papery Skin Extracts and Fractions of Maja Cipanas Onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyi M. Saptarini ◽  
Yulia Wardati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Soxhlet Method

Extraction can be carried out at ambient temperature or high temperature to accelerate the extraction process of secondary metabolites from simplicia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extraction methods on antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of papery skin extracts and fractions of Maja Cipanas onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum). Extraction methods were maceration, percolation, reflux, and Soxhlet method, and then, concentrated extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction based on the polarity of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The phytochemical screening showed that onion papery skin contained alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The IC50 value of the extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the four extraction methods in the concentration range 25–400  μg/mL were in the range of 55.62–107.08, 31.31–84.06, and 126.05–139.82  μg/mL, respectively, while the IAA value was in the ranges of 0.25–0.49, 0.32–0.86, and 0.19–0.21, respectively. Variation in IC50 and IAA values indicate that the extraction method affects antioxidant activity, due to extracted secondary metabolites from simplicia. The highest antioxidant activity was an ethyl acetate fraction by the reflux method, while the lowest was water fraction by the percolation method.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLIC AND TEST OF ACTIVITY ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF BANGUN¬- BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) LEAVES AS ANTIOXIDANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Kasta Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Coleus Amboinicus

Antioxidants have an important role in delaying the oxidation process and preventing the occurrence of degenerative diseases in the body. Antioxidants consist of synthetic and natural; the use of synthetic antioxidants in a relatively long period is hazardous so that the use of natural antioxidants is considered more potential and safe for the body. The process of extracting secondary metabolites from the leaves of bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) is carried out by the maceration method with methanol, then partitioned in stages with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. This research intends to identify secondary metabolites and test antioxidant activity from the ethyl acetate fraction with the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening results of ethyl acetate fraction showed the different secondary metabolite groups such as alkaloids, phenolics & polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarin, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity (IC50) obtained is 64.97 with a healthy category, so that the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant.

scholarly journals Reduksi Udema Kaki Mencit (Mus musculus) Terinduksi Karagenan Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Daruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Darul Ikhwan ◽  
Octavian Rachmadi ◽  
Annisa Dyah Astari Putri ◽  
Ari Widiyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius

Acanthus ilicifolius L. is one of the mangrove plants that contain a lot of potential secondary metabolites of medicinal raw materials. People of Sambas Regency of West Kalimantan Province uses leaves extract daruju to overcome the pain in the stiff and swollen. The objective of this study was to know the antiinflammatory activity of leaves extract of daruju, in the form of edema reduction of mices feet induced carrageenan. The method used in the form of maceration and partition extraction followed by phytochemical test of crude extract and the fraction of result of partition. Furthermore, the crude extract and the fraction of the result of the partition were tested for the reduction of edema mices feet induced carrageenan. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiinflammatory activity because it was able to decrease the edema of mices feet by 75% at 750 mg / kg BW. Ethyl acetate fraction has the ability to reduce edema because it contains group compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid.

scholarly journals Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Senna singueana and Its Potential for Development of Poultry Phytogenic Feed Additives

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper Jambwa ◽  
Fikile N. Makhubu ◽  
Gift Matope ◽  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Lyndy J. McGaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Xylenol Orange ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Lipoxygenase Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

There has been burgeoning interest in plant-based feed additives following restrictions placed on the use of antibiotic feed additives in many countries. Phytogenic feed additives are recommended to have a range of useful properties to support the growth and development of poultry to a similar level as that obtained by supplementing feed with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-lipoxygenase and antioxidant activity, and in vitro safety of fractions and isolated compounds from leaves of Senna singueana. Antibacterial activities of the fractions and isolated compounds were determined against a panel of bacteria using a two-fold serial microdilution assay and qualitative bioautography assays. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was evaluated using the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) method. Antioxidant activity was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using radical scavenging assays. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from solvent-solvent partitioning had the best antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 156 to 313 μg/ml. Fractions obtained from column chromatography had significant to weak antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 50 to 1,250 μg/ml. Bioautography showed clear bands of bacterial inhibition, indicating the presence of a number of active compounds in several fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction and all the tested column fractions had potent anti-lipoxygenase activity with IC50 values of ≤2.5 μg/ml which were lower than that of quercetin (positive control), indicating anti-inflammatory potential. The ethyl acetate fraction and several column fractions had powerful antioxidant activity with IC50 values of ≤5 μg/ml in the ABTS assay. Cytotoxicity values against Vero kidney cells ranged from LC50 = 40.0–989.3 μg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation and identification of a known bioactive compound, luteolin. S. singueana is a promising candidate for the development of poultry phytogenic feed additives.

scholarly journals The protective potential of a Fraxinus xanthoxyloides ethyl acetate fraction against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of rats

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 10221-10231
Author(s):  
Tahira Younis ◽  
Faiza Jabeen ◽  
Laila Jafri ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Maleeha Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
Golden Opportunity

Secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants offer a golden opportunity to fight different ailments, such as cancer, infections, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, etc.

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