An Analysis of the Performance of Unsignalized Intersection and the Impact of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions at Selokan Mataram Street

he phenomenon of the increasing number of Malioboro tourists every year raises traffic problems in the area. Starting from congestion, increasing vehicle exhaust emissions, to increasing side friction. This has put pressure on the Yogyakarta city government to plan to improve traffic management by transforming the Malioboro area into a pedestrianized area. This application has an impact on significant changes in traffic flow on roads around the Malioboro area. This study will simulate a traffic flow scenario on roads around Malioboro using VISSIM software to determine the saturation level of the flow and the resulting emissions.

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The effect of vehicle exhaust emissions on morphometric and physiological characteristics of Rhus typhina

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 250-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

О. Р. Dzhygan ◽

O. A. Mylnikova ◽

I. A. Zaitseva

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Control Group ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

The Road ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Rhus Typhina ◽

The Impact

Rhus typhina L. (Staghorn Sumac) is fast-growing woody species that reproduces by rhizomes and seeds. Because of its biological benefits, this deciduous member of the Anacardiaceae family has been introduced from its native habitats in the east of North America to urbanized landscapes of Ukraine. In this study we anаlyse changes in morphometric and physiological indicators of 12-year plants of this species in artificial phytocenoses near highways in Pavlograd, Ukraine. Experimental plots were placed at a distance from 25 to 130 meters from the road. The control group of plants was at a distance of 1500 m from the highways. We measured the length and thickness of the annual sprout, number of leaves on it, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves and accumulation of cadmium and lead in the leaf tissues. It was found that, compared to the plants in the relatively clean area, the greatest decreases in the length of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations were for those which were at a distance of twenty five metres and forty meters from the traffic lanes of the highways. The thickness of the annual shoots of the trees in the plantations did not differ from plants in the clean zone. The number of leaves on a one-year annual sprout at a distance of twenty five meters and forty meters from the path of moving sources of pollution was significantly lower compared to control. We evaluated the impact of vehicle exhaust emissions on the assimilatory organs. We identified a negative effect of the anthropogenic pollutants on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves. The amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased with decreasing distance from the plantation to the road. Changes in the content of chlorophyll b had a clear pattern. The concentration of this pigment and the amount of chlorophyll a + b decreased compared with control in the 130 meter area. The amount of toxic heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in the tissues of the leaf was significantly higher than the control values on all plots. The strongest negative effects of phytotoxicants on susceptible plants occurred in plantations in the twenty-five-meter zone, which led to deterioration of the decorative quality of the plants.

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Dampak Pencemaran Udara Terhadap Kualitas Udara Di Provinsi Bali

Jurnal Ilmiah Vastuwidya ◽

10.47532/jiv.v2i2.86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 20-30

Author(s):

Ni Putu Decy Arwini

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Content ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

The One ◽

Renewable Natural Resource ◽

The Impact

The development of transportation technology now has made distance become increasingly meaningless, but without realizing there has been a degradation of the environment as a direct impact of the development of transportation technology. Exhaust emissions produced by each vehicle have now become the main source of pollution, which is about 70% of all factors causing pollution. Unconsciously that so far the air quality that is inhaled by the community has slowly decreased so that it is not realized until an adverse impact appears, then the community then realizes that there has been a very complicated problem as a result of transportation that is less environmentally friendly. Most of the fuel for transportation comes from refined petroleum which is a non-renewable natural resource so that on the one hand it has caused air pollution which greatly affects health besides the amount of raw material for fuel production of these vehicles is also running low so prices are set for consumption society also becomes more expensive.The purpose of this research is to find out how much the level of air pollution in Bali Province at several sample points as a result of motor vehicles, to find out the type and amount of hazardous gas content produced by motor vehicles in Bali Province, to determine the impact caused by the exhaust gas of the vehicle on the health of the respiratory tract of residents of the Province of Bali, as well as ways that can be taken to reduce the negative impact resulting from pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emissions.

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Investigation of Air Pollutants Related to the Vehicular Exhaust Emissions in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12101322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1322

Author(s):

Yukiko Fukusaki ◽

Masataka Umehara ◽

Yuka Kousa ◽

Yoshimi Inomata ◽

Satoshi Nakai

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Primary Source ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Gasoline Vehicles ◽

Secondary Pollutants ◽

Ozone Formation Potential ◽

The Impact

The Kathmandu Valley, which is surrounded by high hills and mountains, has been plagued by air pollution, especially in winter. We measured the levels of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, ozone, PM2.5, and carbon monoxide in the Kathmandu Valley during the winter to investigate the impact of vehicular emissions and the contribution of gaseous air pollutants to secondary pollutants. The most common gaseous pollutants were discovered to be gasoline components, which were emitted more frequently by engine combustion than gasoline evaporation. Considering the ethylene to acetylene ratio, it was discovered that most vehicles lacked a well-maintained catalyst. Compared to previous studies, it was considered that an increase in the number of gasoline vehicles offset the effect of the measures and exceeded it, increasing the level of air pollutants. Aromatics and alkenes accounted for 66–79% and 43–59% of total ozone formation potential in Koteshwor and Sanepa, respectively. In terms of individual components, it was determined that ethylene, propylene, toluene, and m-xylene all significantly contributed to photochemical ozone production. As those components correlated well with isopentane, which is abundant in gasoline vehicle exhaust, it was determined that gasoline vehicles are the primary source of those components. It was indicated that strategies for regulating gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions are critical for controlling the photochemical smog in the Kathmandu Valley.

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Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14134034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 4034

Author(s):

Paolo Iodice ◽

Massimo Cardone

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

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The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14041046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Maksymilian Mądziel ◽

Tiziana Campisi ◽

Artur Jaworski ◽

Giovanni Tesoriere

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Present Report ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Strategic Choices ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Particulate Concentration ◽

The Impact

Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

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Spatiotemporal distribution of light-absorbing carbon and its relationship to other atmospheric pollutants in Stockholm

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-11-11553-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 11553-11567 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. Krecl ◽

A. C. Targino ◽

C. Johansson

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

Rural Site ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Emission Sources ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Urban Background ◽

Urban Sites

Abstract. Carbon-containing particles have deleterious effects on both Earth's climate and human health. In Europe, the main sources of light-absorbing carbon (LAC) emissions are the transport (67%) and residential (25%) sectors. Information on the spatiotemporal variability of LAC particles in urban areas is relevant for air quality management and to better diagnose the population exposure to these particles. This study reports on results of an intensive field campaign conducted at four sites (two kerbside stations, one urban background site and a rural station) in Stockholm, Sweden, during the spring 2006. Light-absorbing carbon mass (MLAC) concentrations were measured with custom-built Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAP). The spatiotemporal variability of MLAC concentrations was explored by examining correlation coefficients (R), coefficients of divergence (COD), and diurnal patterns at all sites. Simultaneous measurements of NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and meteorological variables were also carried out at the same locations to help characterize the LAC emission sources. Hourly mean (± standard deviation) MLAC concentrations ranged from 0.36±0.50 at the rural site to 5.39±3.60 μg m−3 at the street canyon site. Concentrations of LAC between urban sites were poorly correlated even for daily averages (R<0.70), combined with highly heterogeneously distributed concentrations (COD>0.30) even at spatial scales of few kilometers. This high variability is connected to the distribution of emission sources and processes contributing to the LAC fraction at these sites. At urban sites, MLAC tracked NOx levels and traffic density well and mean MLAC/PM2.5 ratios were larger (26–38%) than at the background sites (4–10%). The results suggest that vehicle exhaust emissions are the main responsible for the high MLAC concentrations found at the urban locations whereas long-range transport (LRT) episodes of combustion-derived particles can generate a strong increase of levels at background sites. To decrease pollution levels at kerbside and urban background locations in Stockholm, we recommend abatement strategies that target reductions of vehicle exhaust emissions, which are the main contributors to MLAC and NOx concentrations.

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Speciated Measurements and Calculated Reactivities of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Conventional and Reformulated Gasolines

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es50002a610 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1206-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

S. Kent Hoekman

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Vehicle Exhaust

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Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4051951 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Oliveira ◽

Junfeng Yang ◽

Jose Sodre

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Nox Formation ◽

Ratio Distribution ◽

Engine Model ◽

Gas Recirculation ◽

The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

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