scholarly journals MODERN PARADIGM OF NATIONAL INTERESTS PROMOTING IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF SLOVAKIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Flissak ◽  
Tetiana Drakokhrust
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
Business Entities

The aggravation of competition processes in international economic relations leads to the fact that individual business entities do not have the opportunity to effectively represent themselves abroad. In such circumstances, the importance of state support and promotion of national interests abroad significantly increases. The purpose of the article is to explore and analyse the practice of economic diplomacy in Slovakia from the point of view of an impartial researcher, aimed at improving the national system for promoting national interests abroad. To achieve this goal, the research is focused on following tasks: to consider and analyse the main trends in the formation and development of economic diplomacy in Slovakia, to perform a brief analysis of the practice of foreign economic activity in Slovakia, highlighting its main positive and negative aspects; to summarize the main strengths of the Slovak system of promoting national interests abroad in order to recommend them for use in the practice of other countries, in particular Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of preparation the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, synthesis, generalization, as well as statistical and economic methods were used to determine the effectiveness of Slovak foreign economic activity and the influence of the state on it. The information and analytical base for the study includes the regulatory framework of the European Union and the Slovak Republic, materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with the considerate issues (UNCTAD, WTO, World Bank), regulatory and statistical data of Slovak state authorities, the results of research by modern scientists from different countries. The results of the study show that the economic diplomacy of the Slovak Republic within the framework of its EU membership is an important tool for the success of the country’s foreign economic policy, ensuring its export expansion in international markets and intensive investment cooperation with foreign investors. Particularly remarkable is the current practice of staffing institutions of economic diplomacy in Slovakia, which is based on qualified training of economic diplomats within the framework of a full-fledged university programmes. In the prospect professional support for the structures of Slovak economic diplomacy and its personnel, professional, structural and financial support from the Ministry of economy becomes a requirement. The practical implications of the scientific research is to find out the current state of economic diplomacy mechanisms in individual European countries, trends in their development and potential consequences for the economic potential of other states (in particular, Ukraine) based on the introduction of effective mechanisms for promoting national interests abroad. Value/originality. The mechanisms and practices of promoting Slovakia’s foreign economic activity in foreign economic relations deserve the attention of the relevant state structures of Ukraine regarding the unification of regulatory standards and the formation of appropriate mechanisms for protecting national interests, including in the context of the implementation of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement. In addition, this study has significant potential for further consideration in subsequent scientific publications.

scholarly journals Organizing international economic statistics in the context of globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ihor TARLOPOV
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
State Management ◽  
Economic Statistics

The paper scrutinizes the peculiarities of organizing the international economic statistics in the context of globalization. It has been proven to be essential to rethink and reevaluate general problems of organizing the international economic statistics at the methodological level with the purpose of enhancing the reputation of Ukraine in the international arena. Ukraine’s choice of strategic direction towards the integration into the European Union actualizes the scientific discourse related to defining the conceptual foundations of state management of foreign economic activity, ensuring the implementation of customs policy of the state in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine. Notwithstanding certain achievements with regard to the implementation of provisions of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine in recent years, the country still requires a significant improvement of processes related to the activities of government authorities in the sphere of foreign economic activity, their interaction with stakeholders, improved governance over such processes. Indexes of leading ratings affirm the significance of intensifying such processes. The indicators of the «Global Competitiveness Index» and the «Index of Economic Freedom» in EU countries and Ukraine have been analyzed within the scope of the paper. It has been established that the impact of factors which serve to calculate these Indexes displays a considerable dependence on the efficient government regulation over its foreign trade and, correspondingly, state management of foreign economic activity of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The work comprises substantiation for the necessity to improve government regulation in the sphere of macroeconomic indicators which are included into international comparison ratings. According to other ratings such as the «Index of Economic Freedom», the «Corruption Perceptions Index», among all EU member states Ukraine maintains the lowest indexes, which testifies to its current condition as the one which requires the implementation into the activity of government institutions of the best practices and tools originating not only from EU countries but also from the countries with highest rating indexes and most advanced practices of reforming the system of public relations in the sphere of foreign economic activity.

scholarly journals The Foreign Economic Vector of Agribusiness Activity in the Western Region of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (4) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hubeni ◽  
Oksana Krupa ◽  
Volodymyr Krupa ◽  
Sofiia Tsiolkovska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

The article is devoted to researching peculiarities and trends of foreign economic activity of agribusinesses in the Western region of Ukraine according to the terms of the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement. The authors discuss the theoretical essence of agribusiness, as a kind of entrepreneurship, and the nature of foreign economic activity of enterprises. The main conditions of free trade in agricultural products introduced by the terms of the Agreement are determined and their influence on agribusiness export-import operation dynamics in the Western economic region is analyzed. The contribution of certain regions to forming agrarian product export and import volume and structure is considered and the reasons for the considerable advantages of the Lviv region in foreign trade turnover of the Western region are elucidated. It was found that agribusiness cooperation with foreign partners is mainly realized by indirect methods through trade agency organizations or agrarian holding companies. The structure dynamics of production goods for export and import by agribusinesses was studied. Based on the results, some negative tendencies for the Ukrainian economy were noted. They include the preservation of raw exports with a high share of plant origin products and timber, and the predominance of ready-made products with high added value in the import structure. It was established that the Agreement and social political events in Ukraine changed the direction of some export-import flows of agribusiness from CIS countries towards the markets of the European Union and Asian countries. According to the scale of external trade operations with enterprises of the Western region of Ukraine, in general, and within certain trade groups, in particular, country-leaders are defined. Some positive and negative consequences of changes in the foreign economic activity vector are described. And finally, measures which will ensure an expansion and strengthening of Ukraine’s agribusiness presence on international market, are suggested.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

10.23856/3007 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Kateryna Slyusarenko ◽  
Irina Maksymova ◽  
Anastasiia Beskrovna
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Eu

Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union

scholarly journals TAX AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL EN-TERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Olena Podolianchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Globalization processes around the world affect the activities of economic entities, which in turn leads to changes in their accounting and taxation systems. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the application of the simplified system of accounting and taxation of agrarian businesses of small businesses in order to identify problematic aspects and areas of state support for their functioning in the context of European integration. A study of the main aspects of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, in terms of accounting and taxation. It is determined that the implementation of domestic legislation to the regulations of the European Union (directives) is tangible for both businesses and individuals. Analytical data on the activities of small busi-nesses in Ukraine, including agricultural enterprises, are presented. The results of the analysis show a decrease in the number of small enterprises for the period 2015-2019. At the same time, the volumes of produced and sold products of small businesses and micro-enterprises are growing, which testifies to the importance of the activities of these businesses. It is determined that the conditions of production and economic activity of business entities are accompanied by constant changes in current legislation, which causes uncertainty in their position in the competitive environment, leads to the risk of transactions and increased tax burden, and as a result – business closure or withdrawal in the shadows. "The current systems of taxation of small businesses are studied and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The main criteria for assigning business entities to the group of small businesses in the agricultural sector, taking into account the Tax and Commercial Codes of Ukraine, as well as the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine". The system of taxation and accounting of small agricultural enterprises is studied. It was found that the current situation in agriculture indicates the shortcomings and lack of efficiency of the tax system, which requires scientific and methodological support for a consistent and stable tax policy for this category of taxpayers, the use of tax incentives for small businesses, improving the simplified taxation of small businesses . Examining the organization of accounting for small businesses in the context of European integration, the framework of the feasibility of changes in the accounting system. It is noted that a certain problem is the inconsistency of financial and tax accounting for the formation of a harmonized information product for different groups of users. The opinion is expressed that the fiscal orientation of accounting should be reoriented to the needs of the management system and high-quality information support of stakeholders, including foreign investors. It is noted that the legislation on ac-counting and taxation systems, opening and registration of small and micro enterprises needs to be changed. In order to properly support the development of small business, it is proposed to create favorable conditions for taxation and a clear accounting system: providing information and financial support for the process of business organization and the transition to international accounting standards; organization of the system of training of entrepreneurs and retraining of accountants; streamlining mechanisms to protect the rights of small businesses.

scholarly journals The Garuda Strikes Back : Indonesian Economic Diplomacy to Tackle European Union Protectionism on Crude Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-135
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ichlas El Qudsi ◽  
Indra Kusumawardhana ◽  
Volodymyr Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Diplomacy

Abstract This paper analyzes Indonesia's economic diplomacy in overcoming trade barriers to Indonesian palm oil commodities carried out by the European Union. Until now, the Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry has experienced tremendous pressure from the European Union (EU) as one of the main export destinations for Indonesian CPO. In order to secure Indonesia's national interests, instead of taking a cooperative approach, the Indonesian government has responded to the EU's discriminatory attitude towards palm oil commodities with a series of assertive economic diplomacy approaches. This assertive economic diplomacy approach is understood by this paper as a form of the “Power-Play End” strategy articulated by Indonesia to secure its national interests in mainland Europe. The main question in this paper is how can Indonesia use this strategy in overcoming trade barriers imposed by the EU on palm oil commodities? Using the concept of Economic Diplomacy which emphasizes three elements, namely the use of political influence and relations, the use of economic assets, the consolidation of the political climate and the international environment - this paper will examine Indonesia's economic diplomacy in related issues. Key Words: Palm Oil, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Barriers, Indonesia, European Union

scholarly journals The challenges of the Transnistrian conflict for national security and the European development vector of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ciobanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Stability

In this study, the author intends to investigate the possible threats that affect the national security of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the Russian Federation’s ignorance of the state neutrality status, as explained by the delay in the process of political Regulation of the Transnistrian conflict, caused by the illegal existence of Russian military forces, funding of illegitimate institutions and separatist military structures on the left bank of the Dniester, including providing weapons and military equipment. Looking into these issues, the author particularly stresses that the process of strengthening the stability and security of a vulnerable state on the inside is painstaking and requires efforts both from state institutions, the whole society and international support. In this regard, the Republic of Moldova has undertaken to deepen its relations with the European Union by signing the Association Agreement in June 2014, which provides inter alia for the enhancement of forms of cooperation focused on common interests in the field of security promotion, defense cooperation and crisis management. By this, Moldova has accepted the challenges of aligning to the standards of development of the Community, while also benefiting from the support on behalf of development partners in a variety of domains: political, economic, social, etc. In conclusion, the author notes that in the course of cooperation, it is relevant for the European Union to ensure its security. Thus, the national interests of the Republic of Moldova in relation to certain risks and threats to national security converge with those of the Union. The European Union is politically and financially supportive of the actions that are undertaken to clarify them, but the institutions of the Moldovan State are exclusively responsible for the results of these actions/inactions.

scholarly journals Model of analysis of the evolution of international economic exchanges

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Constantin Anghelache ◽  
Gabriela Victoria Anghelache ◽  
Mădălina-Gabriela Anghel
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Exchanges

Abstract The economic activity of a country is achieved both by domestic activity and by international economic and technical-scientific exchanges. International commercial activity is a necessary one nowadays. This is because there is no state capable of performing an autarchic activity. Regardless of of the technical, scientific, resource, and level of development, any state needs to participate in international economic, technical and scientific exchanges. Through international economic exchanges, the need for resources, means of production, labor resources or goods and services is completed. Also in this economic activity of international exchanges is realized the capitalization of surplus production, goods and services, surplus fixed capital, which is offered for export or as a possibility of cooperation in international projects. Thus, the activity of international exchanges is a necessity for each state. Under the conditions of the European Union, in which Romania is a member, there are a number of facilities and in this respect they are being implemented or are being implemented under the European Directive on trade without borders. In this respect, between the Community countries, in the exchange of goods and services, protection measures such as the import tax are no longer practiced and VAT is no longer charged. The international economic exchanges are a significant role in the final result materialized in the level of gross domestic product achieved in each period of time. The countries that import and do it to supplement domestic needs means that they spend part of the value realized in domestic activity to make imports. The exports are made with surplus goods and services that go to other states. In the European Union there are intra-community economic exchanges, complemented by extra-community international economic relations. The authors have studied this aspect and have found that intra-community economic relations have developed more intensively than non-EU economic relations over the last period. In other respects, states are grouped into two categories, ie states with surplus international economic relations, ie states that export more than imports and the second group, countries with activities in the international deficient relations, which imports more than just exports. Comparison between exports and imports results in net exports that may be a surplus or deficit. Romania has always been a deficit country since 1990 and it has to be analyzed in the sense that, due to the difference in favor of imports, part of the gross domestic product made in Romania diminishes with this deficit. The authors, by analyzing this data, highlight how the activity of international economic exchanges has evolved.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Eu

Ukraine's foreign trade is one of the most important means of increasing the state budget, and the European Union is the strongest global economic organization, the largest and best regional market in the world. Therefore, the study of the problems of economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of wide and favorable access of domestic enterprises products to the EU markets is becoming increasingly important for achieving a strategic goal. This goal concludes the development of Ukraine`s economy and achievement of a rightful place in the international differentiation of labor. The article considered the socio-economic nature, role and importance of international trade; main problems and prospects of Ukraine's trade with the EU as well as its dynamics and structure, various methods which are applied to analyze the current state of foreign trade of Ukraine with the EU. In our work we analyzed the obstacles of trading between Ukraine and the EU, ways to overcome them and benefits of this trade. The application of the Free Trade Area between Ukraine and the EU contributes to the gradual expansion of Ukrainian export access to European markets under the Association Agreement. The execution of this agreement for Ukrainian business entities simplified the entry to the protected domestic market of EU Member States and gave the opportunity to realize its own competitive benefits in purchase quality and price. Under this Free Trade Agreement Ukraine assumed not only opportunities but also certain obligations on improvement of quality standards and product safety, implementation of reforms in the area of technical regulation, development of quality assurance system and safety food industry. The simplification of goods access to other markets is indirect benefit for Ukrainian manufactures. The entry to the EU markets with high level standards automatically indicates goods quality.

scholarly journals The Garuda Strikes Back : Indonesian Economic Diplomacy to Tackle European Union Protectionism on Crude Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-135
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ichlas El Qudsi ◽  
Indra Kusumawardhana ◽  
Volodymyr Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Diplomacy

Abstract This paper analyzes Indonesia's economic diplomacy in overcoming trade barriers to Indonesian palm oil commodities carried out by the European Union. Until now, the Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry has experienced tremendous pressure from the European Union (EU) as one of the main export destinations for Indonesian CPO. In order to secure Indonesia's national interests, instead of taking a cooperative approach, the Indonesian government has responded to the EU's discriminatory attitude towards palm oil commodities with a series of assertive economic diplomacy approaches. This assertive economic diplomacy approach is understood by this paper as a form of the “Power-Play End” strategy articulated by Indonesia to secure its national interests in mainland Europe. The main question in this paper is how can Indonesia use this strategy in overcoming trade barriers imposed by the EU on palm oil commodities? Using the concept of Economic Diplomacy which emphasizes three elements, namely the use of political influence and relations, the use of economic assets, the consolidation of the political climate and the international environment - this paper will examine Indonesia's economic diplomacy in related issues. Key Words: Palm Oil, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Barriers, Indonesia, European Union

scholarly journals Przedsiębiorczość nierolnicza wśród mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich gminy Piotrków Kujawski

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sławomir Zawisza ◽  
Agnieszka Paradzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
High Standards

The survey was carried out in May and June 2015. As many as 131 business entities chosen on the basis of economic activity registration in the considered commune, 21 of which suspended temporarily their activity, were analyzed. A survey was also carried out among 50 entrepreneurs randomly chosen from a group of 110 business owners involved in economic activity in the rural area of Piotrków Piotrków Kujawski community. The carried out survey revealed that the transformations initiated in 1989 and integration of Poland with the European Union in 2004 caused the highest increase in the number of business entities in Piotrków Kujawski community. The biggest number of unregistered companies was reported in 2011 after occurrence of the worldwide financial and economic crisis. The most common activity profile was in the field of services (renovation and construction) and in trade (used cars dealers, grocery and commodity shops). According to the respondents the most important developmental factors included: reduction of taxes and bank credit interest as well as infrastructural development. The most common difficulties were: too high local taxes, low profitability of business and too high standards imposed by the European Union.

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