scholarly journals SINGLE AND MIXED BLOOD PROTOZOA INFECTION WITH ANAPLASMA AND THEILERIA IN BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS ) IN BAGHDAD - IRAQ

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Saleem A. Hasso ◽  
Nisreen A. AL - Nashy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Theileria Annulata ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
First Time

One hundred & six blood smears from buffaloes, slaughtered at Al- Futhaliya slaughter house in Baghdad, were examined. Ages of buffaloes ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Numbers of positive blood smears were 48 (45.28%), of them only one showed clinical signs. Single, double, and triple protozoal infections with Anaplasma centrali , Anaplasma marginale, and Theileria annulata, were found. The most common type of infection was the Anaplasma marginale (22.64%), while Anaplasma centrali and Anaplasma centrali + Theileria annulata (0.94%) each. This investigation confirmed the presence of Anaplasma centrali infection in buffaloes for the first time.

scholarly journals Serological, Hematologic, and PCR Studies of Cattle in an Area of Switzerland in Which Tick-Borne Fever (Caused by Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Is Endemic

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pusterla ◽  
Jeannine Berger Pusterla ◽  
Ueli Braun ◽  
Hans Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal variations in seroprevalence to Ehrlichia phagocytophila in cattle pastured during the summer months in an area where tick-borne fever is endemic. The study was performed during a 1-year period from April 1996 to March 1997 and involved 34 cows, 22 pregnant heifers, and 14 calves. Blood samples, collected from all 70 cattle once a month, were used to determine serum immunoglobulin G titers by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, blood smears were examined for Ehrlichiaorganisms, and PCR amplification was performed for the molecular detection of E. phagocytophila. Prior to the pasture period, the seroprevalence was 16%. Two weeks after the start of pasturing, it was 43%, after which it progressively increased and reached a maximum of 63% in September. The seroprevalence progressively decreased after the end of pasturing to a low of 23%. The variation in antibody titers was similar to that of seroprevalence.E. phagocytophila organisms were detected in blood smears of 7 animals and by nested PCR in 12. Only four cows, which were on the pastures of endemicity for the first time, had clinical signs of ehrlichiosis. This study demonstrated marked seasonal variations in seroprevalence and in serum titers of antibody to E. phagocytophila in cattle. The incidence of clinical signs of ehrlichiosis was increased in cattle grazing on the pastures of endemicity for the first time.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale in clinically affected cattle in western Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lourdes VANAZZI ◽  
Tanaíza Carla RIGO ◽  
Núbia Deconto BALDASSO ◽  
Silvana Giacomini COLLET ◽  
Alan Miranda PRESTES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Helping Professionals ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Control And Prevention

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain data on the occurrence of Babesia bigemina e Anaplasma marginale in cattle with characteristic clinical signs of the disease, in different properties in western Santa Catarina. For this, 149 blood sample were collected and slides smears were done and the staining with the Romanowsky kind dye subsequently. Of the 149 samples surveyed, 78 (52.35%) were positive for A. marginale, 04 (2.68%) for B. bigemina, and 03 (2.01%) samples showed co-infection. All described cases occurred in adult animals, from two years old, with Holstein females the highest occurrence represented 119/149 (79.86%). Regarding the presence of ectoparasites, hematophagous flies were observed in all properties and ticks in 58/149 (38.92%) animals. The results showed a higher occurrence of A. marginale, evidencing the need to seek strategies of control and prevention by the veterinary professionals, especially in moments of greater occurrence of the vectors. The confirmation as from laboratory support by stained blood smears beyond being cheaper practical is a method that helping professionals identify the suspected cases etiology. Moreover, based on this information, we can promote the elaboration of prevention and treatment strategies based on simple and fast diagnostic techniques, focused on especific disease agents.

scholarly journals First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Esther Dirks ◽  
Phebe de Heus ◽  
Anja Joachim ◽  
Jessika-M. V. Cavalleri ◽  
Ilse Schwendenwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission

A 23-year-old pregnant warmblood mare from Güssing, Eastern Austria, presented with apathy, anemia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and a severely elevated serum amyloid A concentration. The horse had a poor body condition and showed thoracic and pericardial effusions, and later dependent edema and icteric mucous membranes. Blood smear and molecular analyses revealed an infection with Theileria equi. Upon treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, the mare improved clinically, parasites were undetectable in blood smears, and 19 days after hospitalization the horse was discharged from hospital. However, 89 days after first hospitalization, the mare again presented to the hospital with an abortion, and the spleen of the aborted fetus was also PCR-positive for T. equi. On the pasture, where the horse had grazed, different developmental stages of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected and subjected to PCR, and one engorged specimen was positive for T. equi. All three amplicon sequences were identical (T. equi genotype E). It is suspected that T. equi may repeatedly be transmitted in the area where the infected mare had grazed, and it could be shown that transmission to the fetus had occurred. Due to the chronic nature of equine theileriosis and the possible health implications of infection, it is advised to include this disease in the panel of differential diagnoses in horses with relevant clinical signs, including horses without travel disease, and to be aware of iatrogenic transmission from inapparent carrier animals.

scholarly journals Botulism (type A) in a horse - case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevim Kasap ◽  
Hasan Batmaz ◽  
Meric Kocaturk ◽  
Frank Gessler ◽  
Serkan Catık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Colonic Content

This paper presents the case of a six year-old, male, thoroughbred horse with clinical signs of inappetence, weakness, and incoordination when walking. Clinical examination showed that the horse staggered and leaned to the left side. Feedstuff was present inside and around its mouth. Salivation was increased and there was no reflex at the palpebrae and tongue. The horse had difficulty swallowing and the tone of its tail was reduced. Botulism was diagnosed based on the clinical signs. Antibiotic (ceftiofur) and fluid-electrolyte treatment was commenced. Next day, neostigmin was added to the horse’s treatment, and it became recumbent. The horse’s palpebral, tongue and tail reflexes returned partially after neostigmine methylsulphate treatment on the same day and it stood up on day four. However, it could not swallow anything during the whole week, so after getting permission from the owner, the horse was euthanized on day 10. Samples of the colonic content and blood serum were sent by courier to the laboratory for toxin neutralization, however, botulinum neurotoxins could not be detected. After that, serum samples from days 6 and 10 were sent to another laboratory for testing for botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by ELISA. Specific antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin type A were measured, indicating a previous, immuno-relevant contact with the toxin. This seroconversion for type A supports the clinical botulism diagnosis. Type A botulism is rarely seen in Europe and has been detected in a horse in Turkey for the first time.

scholarly journals Comparative Cancer Cell Signaling in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Dogs and Humans

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Maria Malvina Tsamouri ◽  
Thomas M. Steele ◽  
Maria Mudryj ◽  
Michael S. Kent ◽  
Paramita M. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Cancer Cell Signaling

Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is the most common type of bladder malignancy in humans, but also in dogs that represent a naturally occurring model for this disease. Dogs are immunocompetent animals that share risk factors, pathophysiological features, clinical signs and response to chemotherapeutics with human cancer patients. This review summarizes the fundamental pathways for canine MIUC initiation, progression, and metastasis, emerging therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, and proposes new opportunities for potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Identifying similarities and differences between cancer signaling in dogs and humans is of utmost importance for the efficient translation of in vitro research to successful clinical trials for both species.

A new pathogen spillover from domestic to wild animals: Plasmodium juxtanucleare infects free-living passerines in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1949-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco C. Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Daniela de Angeli Dutra ◽  
Patrícia Silveira ◽  
Richard Campos Pacheco ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Backyard Chickens ◽  
First Time

AbstractHabitat modification may facilitate the emergence of novel pathogens, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers make domestic animals important sources of pathogen spillover to wild animals. We demonstrate for the first time that Plasmodium juxtanucleare, a widespread parasite from domestic chickens, naturally infects free-living passerines. We sampled 68 wild birds within and at the border of conservation units in central Brazil composed by Cerrado, a highly threatened biome. Seven out of 10 passerines captured in the limits of a protected area with a small farm were infected by P. juxtanucleare as was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the parasite's cytochrome b. Blood smears from these positive passerines presented trophozoites, meronts and gametocytes compatible with P. juxtanucleare, meaning these birds are competent hosts for this parasite. After these intriguing results, we sampled 30 backyard chickens managed at the area where P. juxtanucleare-infected passerines were captured, revealing one chicken infected by the same parasite lineage. We sequenced the almost complete mitochondrial genome from all positive passerines, revealing that Brazilian and Asian parasites are closely related. P. juxtanucleare can be lethal to non-domestic hosts under captive and rehabilitation conditions, suggesting that this novel spillover may pose a real threat to wild birds.

↵​Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Haq ◽  
N.A. Tufani ◽  
H.U. Malik ◽  
T.A. Najar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Imidocarb Dipropionate ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Therapeutic Study

Background: The clinical study was designed to evaluate the haemato-biochemical changes in sheep affected with babesiosis and therapeutic regimes of various drugs used against babesiosis. Methods: A total of 24 clinically affected sheep with 6 animals in each group were selected for the haemato-biochemical and therapeutic study. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, microscopic examination of blood smears and molecular confirmation of Babesia by PCR technique. For therapeutic study Group I, II, III and IV were treated with imidocarb dipropionate, imidocarb dipropionate+oxytetracycline, diminazene aceturate and diminazene aceturate+oxytetracycline, respectively. Result: The clinical signs recorded were high fever, pale mucous membranes, presence of ticks, inappetence, coffee-coloured urine and diarrhoea. The vectors identified were Haemaphysalis ticks. Hb, PCV, TEC, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and blood glucose were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the diseased group as compared to healthy animals while TLC, globulin and iron levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher compared to the healthy control group. The study revealed that the combination of imidocarb dipropionate and oxytetracycline was highly effective for ovine babesiosis.

scholarly journals Survey of lungworm infection of domestic cats in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Kiszely ◽  
Mónika Gyurkovszky ◽  
Norbert Solymosi ◽  
Róbert Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

From 61 settlements of 12 Hungarian counties, 303 domestic cats were included in this survey. Between autumn 2016 and spring 2018, fresh faecal samples were randomly collected and examined by flotation and by the Baermann–Wetzel method for the presence of lungworm infection. No eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus were detected. Morphological identification of first instar larvae (L1) was also carried out. In the faeces of 60 cats (19.8%) from 17 settlements and Budapest, L1 of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found. More than half of the cats were from the western part of the country. The average number of larvae per gram of faeces was 190.2 ± 304.88. These results are in line with the former findings on the prevalence of aelurostrongylosis of domestic cats in Hungary. In addition, Oslerus rostratus was also found for the first time in the faecal samples of three cats from the eastern part of the country, infected also with Ae. abstrusus. The average age (2.51 ± 1.26 years) of infected cats indicates that lungworm infection is more common among younger cats. No relationship was found between the lung-worm infection and the sex of cats. Non-neutered cats had a significantly higher proportion of lungworm infections. Two-thirds of the infected cats were apparently healthy, and only 19 individuals showed clinical signs of respiratory disorders.

scholarly journals Co-infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle herd may lead to acute bovine anaplasmosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 504-515
Author(s):  
A. Szabara ◽  
J. Majer ◽  
L. Ozsvari ◽  
C. Jakab ◽  
W. Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd

This report describes an acute exacerbation of subclinical anaplasmosis manifesting itself in clinical signs in a large number of animals after infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The simultaneous transmission of BVDV and Anaplasma was unintended and most likely the result of a vaccination operation in a large Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle herd in Hungary. From Day 35 after the first vaccination, a total of 33 cows developed fever, depression, general weakness, lack of appetite, a sudden drop of milk production, anaemia, icterus, and tachypnoea on exercise. In addition, a total of seven abortions and three stillbirths occurred. Between Days 30 and 35 after the second vaccination four cows showed clinical signs typical of anaplasmosis, and two stillbirths occurred. The presence of Anaplasma marginale infection was demonstrated by haematological, biochemical, PCR and haemocytological examinations of blood samples collected from animals showing clinical signs as well as by necropsy. To assess the prevalence of infection in the herd, a specified number of animals belonging to different age groups were subjected to serological tests. The rate of seropositive animals was substantially higher (50%) in the older (3- to 4-year-old and more than 4-year-old) age groups than in the younger cows (10–30%). This study has demonstrated for the first time that if bovine animals susceptible to both A. marginale and BVDV are infected by the two pathogens roughly at the same time, the immunosuppressive effect of BVDV will support the progression of A. marginale infection and manifestation of the disease resulting in acute clinical signs.

The epidemiology of Echinococcu infection in Kuwait

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hassounah ◽  
K. Behbehani
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
First Time

AbstractInfection of dogs with E. granulosus is recorded for the first time in the State of Kuwait and observations on 204 dogs from different suburbs showed an infection rate of 23.039%. Cattle, sheep, goats and camels killed for public consumption in the period 6th April to 6th May, 1975, in a slaughter house were inspected and the rate of infection with E. granulosus cysts was recorded. The possible methods of transmission from animals and dogs to man is discussed.

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