scholarly journals التغيرات الدموية في مستويات الهيموغلوبين و المتهيموغلوبين بعد التسمم بالنترات في دجاج اللحم

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Raghad N. AL-Saadi ◽  
Imad I. Al-Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Nitrate Intake ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Hematological Changes

This study was aimed to understand the hematological changes in the level of Hb and Met-Hb which produced after potassium nitrate intake via water and feed to broiler chicks for 6 weeks and indifferent concentration also after stoppage for 4 weeks of nitrate intake.  A number of 135 chicks one day old faobro breed were used. After two weeks aclimitiztiation ,chicks were separated in to seven groups , one was control and other six were given potassium nitrate in drinking water or in feed at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 gm/ kg body weigh to each group.  The results showed significant statistical in the Hb rates and the different nitrate concentrations used. Also there were significant differences in the 2nd week of the experiment and indicated a decrease in Hb concentrations. Statistical significant of difference was obvious in the groups fed on concentrations 0.25, 0.5 gm/ kg b.w. and in groups given nitrate in drinking water in concentrations 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 gm/kg b.w.  There were significant statistical differences in Met-Hb rates formed and the amount of nitrate used and the weeks in all animal groups treated with nitrate which started at the 3rd week from the start of the experiment.  The increase in the rates of Met-Hb indicate an important statistical differences or significances especially in groups fed 0.25 gm/kg b.w. nitrate concentration and in drinking water groups at 0.5 and 0.75 gm/kg b.w. concentrations. no significant statistical differences between the control group from week 8th till the week 10th of the experiment.

PSXIII-10 Effects of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract digestibility and health implications in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Joan Riera ◽  
Carles Medinya ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract apparent digestibility and its potential toxicity on animal health in fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls (161 ± 19.9 kg of initial BW, and 183 ± 25.3 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 4 treatments according to nitrate concentration in drinking water: 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg / L. The different nitrate concentrations were achieved by the addition of different potassium nitrate 0.22 M doses. Water consumption and animal health status was recorded daily. Every 2 wks feed consumption, BW were recorded, and nitrate concentration in drinking water was analyzed by photometry. At d 0, 14, 112 and 168 blood samples were collected to determine ammonia and methemoglobin concentrations. At d 14 and 168 total tract apparent digestibility was estimated. Data were analyzed with a mixed effects model. Water consumption decreased (P < 0.05) when nitrate concentration in water was above ≥ 110 mg / L (30.2, 27.4, 24.4 and 26.4 ± 1.38 L/d for 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg/L nitrates in water, respectively). Water nitrate concentration did not affect serum ammonia and methemoglobin concentration (58.0 ± 2.17 µmol / L and 2.4 0.09 %, respectively). In addition, water nitrate concentration did not affect performance, total DMI, and nutrient digestibility. Drinking water for a long period with nitrate concentrations up to 110 mg/L did not have detrimental effects on performance and health. Beyond this threshold a reduction of water consumption of 16 % was observed and blood parameters (methemoglobin) and health registers did not indicate that the concentration of 220 mg/L of nitrates in drinking water may have health side-effects in fattening bulls fed high-concentrate diets.

scholarly journals Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Kornkamon Hanchai ◽  
Tassanee Trairatapiwan ◽  
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

Evaluation of nitrate concentration in groundwater and drinking water distribution network of Robat-Karim City, Tehran Province, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panahi ◽  
M. R. Alavi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Tehran Province

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of nitrate concentration in groundwater resources (wells) and drinking water distribution network of Robat-Karim city of Tehran Province, Iran. The study was accomplished during 8 months (March–Oct 2009). For this purpose, 40 samples from groundwater resources (wells) and 32 samples from water distribution network were collected and analyzed. In this study, a spectrophotometer was used for nitrate analysis of all samples. Based on the results of this study, the maximum, minimum and mean amounts of nitrate concentrations in wells and distribution network samples were 5.9, 0.2, 2.1 and 4, 1.4, 2.05 mg NO3−-N/L, respectively. The amounts of nitrate concentrations in all samples were much lower than its permissible levels in national and international standards.

EFFECT OF DIETARY EDTA ON THE ABILITY OF CHICKS TO TOLERATE SODIUM CHLORIDE IN THE WATER

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637
Author(s):  
T. K. J. COWAN ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS ◽  
D. B. BRAGG
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Broiler Chicks

Broiler chicks, allocated in a randomized block design, were fed four diets containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of the diet and drinking water with a high salt concentration (6000 ppm). A control group received tap water and the EDTA-free diet. The addition of 6000 ppm NaCl in the drinking water had no effect on weight gain or feed conversion. Similarly, the inclusion of up to 0.4% EDTA in the feed had no adverse effect on weight gain. Analyses of packed-cell volume (PCV) and plasma sodium, chloride and calcium concentrations showed no changes as a result of treatment. Water consumption almost doubled for the chicks subjected to high salt water regimens compared with the control. Two groups of chicks received the EDTA-free diet, and significantly (P < 0.10) higher mortality was found for the group on the salt water compared with the tap water controls. The mortality in the former was also significantly (P < 0.10) higher than for the group receiving 0.2% EDTA in the diet and salt water. The chicks on the 0.4% EDTA diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortality than control chicks on tap water and those chicks receiving salt water and diets containing 0.1% and 0.2% EDTA. Postmortem examination indicated that ascites and widespread edema were the causes of death in chicks that drank salt water and consumed diets containing no EDTA or 0.4% EDTA. The death of chicks on treatments that resulted in low mortality rates was not attributable to ascites. The reason for the apparent beneficial effect of feeding 0.2% EDTA in the diet in conjunction with the salt water remains open to conjecture.

scholarly journals Effect of tulsi (Ocium sanctum) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broiler productio

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Achinta Kumar Biswas ◽  
Md Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Md Zakir Hassan ◽  
Salma Sultana ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Hematological Changes

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broilers from January to June 2013 under Dept. of Pharmacology, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2022, Bangladesh. Fourty number of day old broiler chicks were taken and after seven days divided into two groups A and B. The B group was supplemented with tulsi leaves extract @ 1ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5th weeks and blood test was performed at 17th and 35th days age of broiler to study hematological changes between control A and treatment B group. No significant difference in hematological changes was observed in both treatment and control group in 1st week of age but significant change in body weight gain was observed on 35th day. They are 1500 g (control) and 1650 g (treated). The cost of production and economic study was carried out and it was observed that net profit in control group was 5.33 T.K/Kg broiler and in treatment group was 13.33 T.K/Kg broiler. Bacterial sensitivity test was positive in case of Escherichia coli and produced zone of inhibition 0.5 cm and other was negative.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 226-232

scholarly journals Effects of administration of multivitamins and enzymes for broilers either singly or in combination on body weight and haematobiochemical parameters

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
MA Moinuddin ◽  
N Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Group A ◽  
Serum Transaminases ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Group B

The experiment was conducted on “Lohman Meat” broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of exogenous multivitamin and enzyme supplementation on body weight gain, haematological parameters (TEC, Hb content, PCV and ESR) and serum transaminases (AST and ALT). A total of 20, twenty days old broilers were randomly divided into four equal groups (5×4). Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial ration, group B was treated at a dose rate of 0.5 ml multivitamins per 1 litre of drinking water, group C was treated at a dose rate of 1 ml enzyme per litre of drinking water and group D was treated with multivitamin @ 0.5 ml/L and Enzyme @ 1ml/ L in water from 1 to 21 days of experiment. It was observed that multivitamin and enzyme supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group. ESR, AST and ALT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that multivitamin and enzyme may be used with better performances in terms of increase of body weight and blood profiles. Keywords: Multivitamins and enzymes; Effects; Broiler DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6396J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 39-44, 2010

scholarly journals Prenatal nitrosatable prescription drug intake, drinking water nitrate, and the risk of stillbirth: a register- and population-based cohort of Danish pregnancies, 1997–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen ◽  
Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen ◽  
Jörg Schullehner ◽  
Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup ◽  
Zeyan Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract Background Nitrosatable drugs commonly prescribed during pregnancy can react with nitrite to form N-nitroso compounds which have been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Whether maternal residential drinking water nitrate modifies this association is unknown. We investigated, if household drinking water nitrate was associated with stillbirth, and if it modified the association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth. Methods We conducted an individual-level register- and population-based cohort study using 652,810 women with the first recorded singleton pregnancy in the Danish Medical Birth Registry between 1997 and 2017. Nitrosatable drug exposure was recorded by use of the Danish National Patient Registry defined as women with a first redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. The reference group was women with no redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug in this period. The average individual drinking water nitrate concentration level (mg/L) was calculated in the same period. We categorized nitrosatable drugs as secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides. Cox hazard regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for stillbirth stratified into five categories of nitrate concentrations: ≤1 mg/L, > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L, > 2- ≤ 5 mg/L, > 5- ≤ 25 mg/L, and > 25 mg/L. Results Drinking water nitrate exposure in the population was not associated with the risk of stillbirth. Among 100,244 women who had a nitrosatable prescription drug redeemed ≤22 weeks of pregnancy of pregnancy, 418 (0.42%) had a stillbirth compared to 1993 stillbirths (0.36%) among 552,566 referent women. Women with any nitrosatable prescription drug intake and > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L nitrate concentration had an increased risk of stillbirth [adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.09)] compared with referent women. In the stratified analyses, the highest risk of stillbirth was found among women with secondary amine intake and > 25 mg/L nitrate concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio 3.11 (95% CI, 1.08–8.94)]. Conclusions The association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth may depend on the level of nitrate in household drinking water. Evaluations of the effect of nitrosatable drug intake on perinatal outcomes might consider nitrate exposure from drinking water.

scholarly journals Study of effect of immunosuppresion caused by H9N2 in broiler

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Aida Bara Allawe
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine

This study was concerned with conduction of experiment for thesereason three groups of broiler chicks were used.First group (which consisted of 15 chicks) was vaccinated with liveattenuated vaccine (laSota strain) at age 10, 20, 30 days by drinkingwater. Second group (which consisted of 15 chicks) was infectedexperimentally with H9N2 (AMR.ANT/IRAQ/2005) 108.6 LD50/0.1mlat age 8 day then vaccinated with live attenuated vaccine (LaSota strain)at age 10, 20, 30 days by drinking water .third group (which consisted of10 chicks) was considered as a control group without vaccination.Immune response in all chicks groups were estimated at age (40) daysdepending on Heamagglutination test and ELISA. The first group showedhighest titer in HI and ELISA tests in comparison with second and thirdgroups.

scholarly journals Experimental Pathological Study of Nitrate Toxicity in Broilers

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Raghad N. Al-saadi ◽  
Imad I. Al-Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Change ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Pathological Alteration ◽  
Nitrate Intake ◽  
The Brain

This study was aimed to understand the chronic pathological change which is produced after potassium nitrate intake via water and food to broiler chicks for six weeks and in different concentrations also after  stoppage for four weeks of nitrate intake. 135 chicks one day old fabrow breed were used, after two weeks aclimazation, chicks separated in to seven groups, one was control and  the other six were given potassium nitrate in drinking water or in food in concentration 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 gm/kg of the body weight to each  group. Gross and histopathological changes were studied, the pathological alteration characterized by gastritis of true stomach with metaplasia of gastric mucosa and chronic enteritis. Hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis .kidney showed congestion, haemorrhage and nephrosis. The thyroid gland was atrophied and the spleen was active due to hyperplasia of lymphoid cells and germinal centers. There was increase in the size of the lung which showed microscopically interstitial pneumonia, the brain was grossly soft and congested and microscopically there was degeneration of purkinge cell and increase  neuromicroglial cells infiltration.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Nitrate in Drinking Water in Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2368
Author(s):  
Callum Lowe ◽  
Johanna Kurscheid ◽  
Aparna Lal ◽  
Ross Sadler ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Since 2005, over 30 epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between nitrate in drinking water and adverse health outcomes. Conditions that lead to nitrate pollution in water, such as open defecation, the proximity of septic tanks to water sources, and the use of inorganic fertilizer, are rampant in Indonesia, which has experienced little research evaluating nitrate in drinking water. We conducted a health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water and evaluated the nitrate concentration in key water sources in two villages of rural Central Java, Indonesia. The nitrate concentrations in the drinking water ranged from 3.55 mg/L to 26.75 mg/L as NO3−. Daily nitrate intake estimates, calculated at 50% and 95% exposure to the maximum nitrate concentration of the drinking water in both villages, were above the levels associated with birth defects, colorectal cancer, and thyroid conditions observed in other studies. There was a large variation in nitrate concentrations between and within the villages at different water sources. Further research into whether these health outcomes exist in rural Central Java, Indonesia will be required to better understand this risk.

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