Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

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Effects of fermented potato protein supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, carcass characteristics, small intestinal morphology and expression of IGF-1 and GHR genes in the liver of broiler chickens

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1102 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S. Lertpimonpan ◽

C. Rakangthong ◽

C. Bunchasak ◽

W. Loongyai

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Potato Protein ◽

Ghr Gene ◽

Experimental Group

We investigated the effects of fermented potato protein (FPP), supplied through drinking water, on growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 288 male broiler chickens were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group supplemented with 0.01% FPP in drinking water. The FPP group had a significantly higher BWG and ADG (P less than 0.01) and significantly improved FCR (Pless than 0.05). The percentage of breast was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in fermented potato protein (FPP) group. The FPP group had an increased villus height (P less than 0.05) in duodenum and jejunum. Expression of IGF-1 gene in the liver was significantly higher in the FPP group than in the control group (P less than 0.05), whereas GHR gene expression did not differ between the groups at 37 days. This study suggests that FPP supplementation in drinking water improves growth performance of broiler chickens by stimulating IGF-1 gene expression in the liver and improving the intestinal morphology.

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Effect of Terminalia catappa Fruit Meal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement of Maize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens

Biotechnology Research International ◽

10.4061/2011/907546 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Friday Apata

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Serum Biochemical

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference () in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased () on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly () altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly () increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.

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The use of nanoencapsulation god’s crown (Phaleria macrocarpa) fruits extract in drinking water on growth performance in broiler chickens

Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan ◽

10.25047/jipt.v4i2.2500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 84-91

Author(s):

Niati Ningsih ◽

Bambang Ariyadi ◽

Zuprizal Zuprizal

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of nanoencapsulation of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (NEPM) in drinking water and the effect on broiler growth performance. A total number of 200 male broiler chicks, aged eight days old, were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates (10 birds in each replicate). The experimental treatments consisted of the basal diet (P0; negative control), and basal diet with antibiotic tetracycline supplementation (P1; positive control), and basal diets with 2.5% of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (P2), 2.5% NEPM (P3), or 5.0% NEPM (P4). The basal diet was based on yellow corn and soybean meal that contains 20.44% crude protein, 2917.47 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.84% Calcium, and 0.51% available Phosphorus. The diets and drinking water was supplied for ad libitum consumption. Parameters evaluated in the current study were growth performance (feed consumption and conversation, body weight gain, water consumption, slaughter and carcass weight, and carcass percentage), Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. Orthogonal contrast tests were used to separate data with a significant difference. Results showed that supplementation of NEPM in the drinking water did not affect growth performance of broiler chicken.

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Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Productive, Morphological, and Physiological Indicators in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Insaf Riahi ◽

Virginie Marquis ◽

Antonio J. Ramos ◽

Joaquim Brufau ◽

Enric Esteve-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Reduced Body ◽

The Absolute

The present study with 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) was conducted to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) at different levels (5 and 15 mg/kg feed) on growth performance, relative weight of organs, morphology of the small intestine, serum biochemistry, and welfare parameters of broiler chickens. Forty-five broiler chicks were randomly divided into three different experimental groups with five replicates each: (1) control group received a non-contaminated diet, (2) contaminated diet with 5 mg DON/kg of feed, and (3) contaminated diet with 15 mg DON/kg of feed for 42 days. Results showed that feed artificially contaminated with DON at guidance level (5 mg/kg diet) did not affect growth performance parameters. However, 15 mg/kg reduced body weight gain and altered feed efficiency. DON at two assayed levels significantly increased the absolute and relative weight of thymus and the relative weight of gizzard and decreased the absolute and the relative weight of the colon. Compared to controls, both doses affected small intestine morphometry parameters. In terms of biochemical indicators, DON at 5 mg/kg reduced the creatine kinase level and at 15 mg/kg DON reduced the cholesterol level. Furthermore, DON at 15 mg/kg induced more fear in broilers compared to broilers fed the guidance level. It was concluded that even the guidance level of DON did not affect the chickens’ performance. However, its toxic effect occurred in some organs and biochemical parameters.

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Growth Performance and Intestinal Morphometric Features of Broiler Chickens Fed on Dietary Inclusion of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor), Larvae Powder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1079968/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shadi Sedgh-Gooya ◽

Mehran Torki ◽

Maryam Darbemamieh ◽

Hassan Khamisabadi ◽

Alireza Abdolmohamadi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Remarkable Effect

Abstract Climate change and the lack of conventional feed ingredients have made edible insects a highly nutritious alternative to feed production. The use of insects as food may help solve socio-economic and environmental problems around the world and be in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, the growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens were evaluated under the influence of adding different levels of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM meal) to their diets. One hundred eighty day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications (12 chickens/pen). The experimental diets included a control diet and treatments containing 2.5 and 5% TM meal, which were fed to birds in the starter (0-10 days) and grower (11-25 days) stages, and during the final period (26-42 days), all birds were fed a regular finisher diet. The results showed that the diet containing TM meal had no remarkable effect on the mortality rate and feed intake (FI) of broilers (P > 0.05). In the period of starter, the addition of 2.5% TM meal to broilers diet increased body weight gain (BWG) than the control group (P £ 0.05). Also, the use of 2.5% TM meal in the starter period showed a significant effect on reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the birds fed by the control diet (P £ 0.05). Besides, the height of the villus, the depth of the crypt, and the ratio of them were not altered among the different treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that TM meal could improve growth performance in the starter period, and had no negative effects on broilers' performance and intestinal morphology in all the periods of the experiment.

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Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v3i2.4256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Khalid M. Gaafar

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Flu Vaccine ◽

Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

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The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.088315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 046-050

Author(s):

Alireza Taghdisi ◽

Sajjad Hejazi

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Control Group ◽

White Pulp ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Serum Factors ◽

Spleen Tissue ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens. Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.

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Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2027

Author(s):

Doaa Ibrahim ◽

Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽

Eman Khalifa ◽

Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽

Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Production Costs ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

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The Effect of Administration of a Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil and Citric Acid on the Metabolism, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 399

Author(s):

Magdalena Krauze ◽

Monika Cendrowska-Pinkosz ◽

Paulius Matuseviĉius ◽

Anna Stępniowska ◽

Paweł Jurczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids

It was postulated that a phytobiotic preparation containing cinnamon oil and citric acid added to drinking water for chickens in a suitable amount and for a suitable time would beneficially modify the microbiota composition and morphology of the small intestine, thereby improving immunity and growth performance without inducing metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to establish the dosage and time of administration of such a phytobiotic that would have the most beneficial effect on the intestinal histology and microbiota, production results, and immune and metabolic status of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on 980 one-day-old male chickens until the age of 42 days. The chickens were assigned to seven experimental groups of 140 birds each (seven replications of 20 individuals each). The control group (G-C) did not receive the phytobiotic. Groups CT-0.05, CT-0.1, and CT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in their drinking water in the amount of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mL/L, respectively, at days 1–42 of life (continuous application, CT). The birds in groups PT-0.05, PT-0.5, and PT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in the same amounts, but only at days 1–7, 15–21, and 29–35 of life (periodic application, PT). Selected antioxidant and biochemical parameters were determined in the blood of the chickens, as well as parameters of immune status and redox status. The morphology of the intestinal epithelium, composition of the microbiome, and production parameters of chickens receiving the phytobiotic in their drinking water were determined as well. The addition of a phytobiotic containing cinnamon oil and citric acid to the drinking water of broiler chickens at a suitable dosage and for a suitable time can beneficially modify the microbiome composition and morphometry of the small intestine (total number of fungi p < 0.001, total number of aerobic bacteria p < 0.001; and total number of coliform bacteria p < 0.001 was decreased) improving the immunity and growth performance of the chickens (there occurred a villi lengthening p = 0.002 and crypts deepening p = 0.003). Among the three tested dosages (0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 mL/L of water) of the preparation containing cinnamon oil, the dosage of 0.25 mL/L of water administered for 42 days proved to be most beneficial. Chickens receiving the phytobiotic in the amount of 0.25 mL/L had better growth performance, which was linked to the beneficial effect of the preparation on the microbiome of the small intestine, metabolism (the HDL level p = 0.017 was increased; and a decreased level of total cholesterol (TC) p = 0.018 and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) p = 0.007, LDL p = 0.041, as well as triacylglycerols (TAG) p = 0.014), and immune (the level of lysozyme p = 0.041 was increased, as well as the percentage of phagocytic cells p = 0.034, phagocytosis index p = 0.038, and Ig-A level p = 0.031) and antioxidant system (the level of LOOH p < 0.001, MDA p = 0.002, and the activity of Catalase (CAT) p < 0.001 were decreased, but the level of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) p = 0.029, glutathione p = 0.045 and vitamin C p = 0.021 were increased).

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The Effect of Replacing Dried Meal Worm with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-782326/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Navid Naderi Boroojerdi ◽

Mostafa Rajabzadeh

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old male (Ross308) chicken to the effect of substitution of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) with soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics broiler chicks. Chicks fed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicate cages (12 birds per cage). Five dietary treatments used: 1- Control treatment: Basal diet based on corn-soybean meal without adding dried mealworm, 2- Replacement of 5% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 3- Replacement of 10% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 4- Replacement of 15% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet and 5- Replacement of 20% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that 3rd and 4th treatments with a substitution of 10 and 15 percent showed a higher mean weight gain and a daily gain, but their feed intake was lower comparing other treatments, and finally, the feed conversion ratio showed a significant decrease with respect to control treatment using these replacement levels. At 21 and 42 days of age, carcass yield and relative weight of the breasts showed significant increases in treatments 3 and 4, and other characteristics of chicken carcasses were not affected by the test treatments. The experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with 10% and 15% worm powder significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens, but no significant difference was found between the two levels.

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