PSXIII-10 Effects of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract digestibility and health implications in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 462-462
Author(s):  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Joan Riera ◽  
Carles Medinya ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration in drinking water on water and feed consumption, total tract apparent digestibility and its potential toxicity on animal health in fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls (161 ± 19.9 kg of initial BW, and 183 ± 25.3 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 4 treatments according to nitrate concentration in drinking water: 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg / L. The different nitrate concentrations were achieved by the addition of different potassium nitrate 0.22 M doses. Water consumption and animal health status was recorded daily. Every 2 wks feed consumption, BW were recorded, and nitrate concentration in drinking water was analyzed by photometry. At d 0, 14, 112 and 168 blood samples were collected to determine ammonia and methemoglobin concentrations. At d 14 and 168 total tract apparent digestibility was estimated. Data were analyzed with a mixed effects model. Water consumption decreased (P < 0.05) when nitrate concentration in water was above ≥ 110 mg / L (30.2, 27.4, 24.4 and 26.4 ± 1.38 L/d for 0, 44, 110 and 220 mg/L nitrates in water, respectively). Water nitrate concentration did not affect serum ammonia and methemoglobin concentration (58.0 ± 2.17 µmol / L and 2.4 0.09 %, respectively). In addition, water nitrate concentration did not affect performance, total DMI, and nutrient digestibility. Drinking water for a long period with nitrate concentrations up to 110 mg/L did not have detrimental effects on performance and health. Beyond this threshold a reduction of water consumption of 16 % was observed and blood parameters (methemoglobin) and health registers did not indicate that the concentration of 220 mg/L of nitrates in drinking water may have health side-effects in fattening bulls fed high-concentrate diets.

PSIX-8 Drinking water acidification and chlorination improves microbiological water quality without detrimental effects on performance or hazard side-effects in bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Joan Riera ◽  
Carles Medinya ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drinking water disinfection (chlorination) and conditioning (acidification) on microbiological water quality, water and feed consumption, total tract apparent digestibility and its potential hazard effects on animal health in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Twenty-four Holstein bulls (221 ± 20.9 kg of initial BW, and 184 ± 9.9 d of age) were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Animals were assigned to 4 treatments with a 2 x 2 factorial design: drinking water conditioning (with or without acidification) and disinfection (absence or chlorination). Every 28 d, water samples from the tank and drinker were collected to analyze pH, residual chlorine and microbial load. Water consumption was recorded daily, and every 2 wks feed consumption and BW were recorded. At d 0, 14, 98 and 196 blood samples were collected to hematology and clinical chemistry analysis. At d 42 and 147 total tract apparent digestibility was estimated. Data were analyzed with a mixed effects model. In the tank, acidification increased residual free chlorine (0.58 vs. 0.33 ± 0.081 ppm, interaction, P = 0.10) and chlorination reduced (P < 0.01) total coliform count (0.8 vs. 392.7 ± 0.30 CFU / 100 ml) and Clostridium perfringens count (0.0 vs. 9.0 ± 0.13 CFU / 100 ml). In the drinkers, chlorination only tended (P = 0.10) to decrease total coliform count (967.5 vs. 994.7 ± 0.01 CFU / 100 ml). Treatments did not affect daily water consumption, total DMI nor blood parameters. At the end of the study, chlorination tended (P = 0.07) to improve starch total apparent digestibility (98.2 vs 97.7 ± 0.28 %). In fattening bulls’, the conditioning (acidification) and disinfection (chlorination) of drinking water improved its microbiological quality without detrimental effects on water and feed consumption, ruminal digestibility or hazard side-effects.

scholarly journals التغيرات الدموية في مستويات الهيموغلوبين و المتهيموغلوبين بعد التسمم بالنترات في دجاج اللحم

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Raghad N. AL-Saadi ◽  
Imad I. Al-Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Nitrate Intake ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Hematological Changes

This study was aimed to understand the hematological changes in the level of Hb and Met-Hb which produced after potassium nitrate intake via water and feed to broiler chicks for 6 weeks and indifferent concentration also after stoppage for 4 weeks of nitrate intake.  A number of 135 chicks one day old faobro breed were used. After two weeks aclimitiztiation ,chicks were separated in to seven groups , one was control and other six were given potassium nitrate in drinking water or in feed at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 gm/ kg body weigh to each group.  The results showed significant statistical in the Hb rates and the different nitrate concentrations used. Also there were significant differences in the 2nd week of the experiment and indicated a decrease in Hb concentrations. Statistical significant of difference was obvious in the groups fed on concentrations 0.25, 0.5 gm/ kg b.w. and in groups given nitrate in drinking water in concentrations 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 gm/kg b.w.  There were significant statistical differences in Met-Hb rates formed and the amount of nitrate used and the weeks in all animal groups treated with nitrate which started at the 3rd week from the start of the experiment.  The increase in the rates of Met-Hb indicate an important statistical differences or significances especially in groups fed 0.25 gm/kg b.w. nitrate concentration and in drinking water groups at 0.5 and 0.75 gm/kg b.w. concentrations. no significant statistical differences between the control group from week 8th till the week 10th of the experiment.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Desben Kogoya ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
L J Rumokoy ◽  
M N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

scholarly journals Effects of Drinking Water Temperature and Flow Rate during Cold Season on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Cecum Microflora of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Zeqiang Li ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weaned Piglets

Although water is one of the most important nutrients and is essential for various physiological processes within the body, it does not receive adequate consideration when ensuring optimal nutrition and growth performance in piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drinking water temperature (DWT) and flow rate (DWF) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cecum microflora in weaned piglets during cold weather. Sixty-four piglets with an average body weight of 8.60 ± 0.5 kg were allotted into four groups with four replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The DWT and DWF were set for each group as follows: (1) 13 °C + 300 mL/min, (2) 13 °C + 700 mL/min, (3) 30 °C + 300 mL/min and (4) 30 °C + 700 mL/min, respectively. All groups were fed the same diet during the 28 d trial. The body weight at day 0 and day 29, as well as daily feed intake, were recorded. Diarrhea severity was assessed every day. Fresh fecal samples were collected for four consecutive days at the end of the experiment for the digestibility test. Cecum content was collected after sacrifice for microbial composition analysis. The results indicated that: (1) DWT at 30 °C promoted the average daily gain (ADG) of weaned piglets considerably (p = 0.043) and decreased feed to weight ratio when compared with DWT at 13 °C (p = 0.045). DWF had no substantial effect on the growth performance of piglets (p > 0.05). (2) The 30 °C DWT groups had higher apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and energy than the 13 °C DWT groups (p < 0.05), while DWF had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of nutrients (p > 0.05). (3) DWT at 30 °C increased the Bacteroidetes abundance and decreased the Proteobacteria abundance in cecum digesta. The change in these two factors may be related to a decrease in diarrhea and the improvement of growth performance. Different DWF had no substantial effect on the cecum microbial structure. To sum up, providing a DWT of 30 °C to weaned piglets in cold weather reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria in the cecum and improved the apparent nutrient digestibility, which is beneficial for maintaining a healthy intestinal microenvironment and promoting growth performance. A lower DWF of 300 mL/min had no adverse effect on growth performance. Therefore, a combination of 30 °C + 300 mL/min is recommended for weaned piglets during cold weather for the consideration of animal welfare and production efficiency.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jus Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) sebagai Feed Additive Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Ayam Broiler Fase Starter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Agustinus Gatot Murwanto ◽  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of red fruit juice (RFJ) in drinking water on feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio and drinking water consumption of starter broiler chickens. A total of 100 broiler chickens (straight run) of 4 days old (Lohmann) were fed using commercial diets and given RFJ drinking water treatments as followed: P0 = drinking water 1000ml+0ml RFJ, P1=drinking water 900ml+100ml RFJ, P2=drinking water 800ml+200ml RFJ, and P3=drinking water 700ml+300ml RFJ.  During the experiment, the RFJ drinking water treatments were given in a sequential pattern of 3 days ON and 4 days OFF. The results showed that the RFJ drinking water treatments had no effect on feed consumption (P³0.05), but had an effect on BWG (P<0.05), feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), and drinking water consumption (P<0.05). The result of RFJ drinking water treatments on BWG, feed conversion ratio and drinking water consumption had the same pattern, namely the best results were obtained at 200 ml RFJ drinking water treatment and the worst at 300 ml RFJ drinking water treatment. In conclusion, the red fruit juice at a dose of 200 ml in 800 l of drinking water improved the performance of starter broiler chickens, whereas the red fruit juice at a dose of 300 ml in 700 ml of drinking water had no effect on feed consumption but had caused a decrease in the starter broiler chicken’s performance.  Keywords: Body weight gain; Feed conversion ratio; Red fruit juice; Starter broiler chickens   Abstrak  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus buah merah (JBM) dalam air minum terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), konversi ransum dan konsumsi air minum ayam broiler fase starter. Penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor ayam broiler (unsexing) strain Lohmann umur 4 hari  (BB awal 72,83 gram/ekor ± 1,03 dan CV 0,01) yang diberi pakan ransum komersial ad libitum dan air minum perlakuan JBM sebagai berikut: P0 = air minum 1000ml+0ml JBM, P1= air minum 900ml+100ml JBM, P2= air minum 800ml+200ml JBM, dan P3= air minum 700ml+300ml JBM. Selama penelitian, air minum perlakuan JBM diberikan mengikuti pola berurutan yaitu 3 hari ON dan 4 hari OFF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air minum perlakuan JBM tidak berpengaruh nyata pada konsumsi ransum (P³0,05), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada PBB (P<0,05)  konversi ransum (P<0,05), dan konsumsi air minum (P<0,05).  Pengaruh perlakuan air minum JBM terhadap PBB, konversi ransum dan konsumsi air minum memperlihatkan hasil dengan pola yang sama yaitu terbaik pada perlakuan air minum JBM 200 ml dan terjelek pada perlakuan air minum JBM 300 ml. Kesimpulan, pemberian jus buah merah pada dosis 200 ml dalam 800 l air minum meningkatkan performa ayam broiler fase starter lebih baik dari perlakuan kontrol, sedangkan pemberian 300 ml jus buah merah dalam 700 ml air tidak berpengaruh pada konsumsi ransum tetapi sudah menyebabkan penurunan performa ayam broiler fase starter lebih rendah dari perlakuan kontrol.   Kata kunci: Ayam broiler fase starter; Jus buah merah; Konversi ransum; Pertambahan bobot badan      

Evaluation of nitrate concentration in groundwater and drinking water distribution network of Robat-Karim City, Tehran Province, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panahi ◽  
M. R. Alavi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Tehran Province

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of nitrate concentration in groundwater resources (wells) and drinking water distribution network of Robat-Karim city of Tehran Province, Iran. The study was accomplished during 8 months (March–Oct 2009). For this purpose, 40 samples from groundwater resources (wells) and 32 samples from water distribution network were collected and analyzed. In this study, a spectrophotometer was used for nitrate analysis of all samples. Based on the results of this study, the maximum, minimum and mean amounts of nitrate concentrations in wells and distribution network samples were 5.9, 0.2, 2.1 and 4, 1.4, 2.05 mg NO3−-N/L, respectively. The amounts of nitrate concentrations in all samples were much lower than its permissible levels in national and international standards.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WATER CONSUMPTION ON THE GROWTH, FEED INTAKE, AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF SUCKLING PIGLETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets

A "split-litter" technique was used with nine Yorkshire sows to determine the effects on creep consumption, weight gains, and carcass composition of providing suckling piglets with water or glucose solution. There was a tendency for sows to nurse least at the start and end of the day. Creep feed consumption by the control lot of piglets was less (P < 0.05) than that by piglets given water. The total intake of glucose solution was greater than, but not significantly different from, that of water. The carcass weights and gains of piglets drinking water were not significantly different from those of piglets drinking glucose but were greater (P < 0.05) than those of the controls. The ratio of carcass far:protein was higher (P < 0.01) for the glucose-drinking piglets than for either of the other two lots. Piglets given water yielded the heaviest weight of carcass protein.

Carcinogenicity of Bromodichloromethane Administered in Drinking Water to Male F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. George ◽  
Greg R. Olson ◽  
Donald Doerfler ◽  
Tanya Moore ◽  
Steve Kilburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Final Body Weight

A life-time exposure study was conducted to assess the carcinogenicity of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) administered in the drinking water to male F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. In mouse, the calculated mean daily BDCM concentrations (measured concentrations corrected for on-cage loss of chemical) were 0.06, 0.28 and 0.49 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 135, 97, and 89 ml/kg/day resulted in mean daily doses of 8.1, 27.2, and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. No changes in feed consumption, final body weight, or survival were observed. Kidney weights were significantly depressed at 27.2 and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. There was no increase in neoplasia in the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, bladder, sections along the alimentary tract, excised lesions, or at any other organ site. In rat, the corrected mean daily BDCM concentrations were 0.06, 0.33, and 0.62 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 65, 63, and 59 ml/kg/day yielded 3.9, 20.6 and 36.3 mg BDCM/kg/day. No alterations in feed consumption, body weight gain, and survival were seen. Kidney weight was significantly depressed in the 36.3-mg/kg/day treatment group. There was a significantly enhanced prevalence and multiplicity of hepatocellular adenomas at 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/day (15.5% and 0.16/animal vs. 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control). Hepatocellular carcinomas increased from 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control and 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/day to 8.3% and 0.10/animal at 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. The combined neoplasms were enhanced at 3.9 and 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. Liver neoplasia was depressed to the control value at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg. The prevalence of basophilic and clear cell, but not eosinophilic cells, altered foci of cells declined with increasing dose. BDCM did not increase cancer in the large bowel, renal tubules, or in any of the other tissues examined. Renal tubular hyperplasia was observed at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg (15.8% vs. 8.7% for the control group). Under the conditions of the study, BDCM in the drinking water was not carcinogenic in the male B6C3F1 mouse, but was carcinogenic in the male F344/N rat based on an increased hepatocellular neoplasia.

scholarly journals Prenatal nitrosatable prescription drug intake, drinking water nitrate, and the risk of stillbirth: a register- and population-based cohort of Danish pregnancies, 1997–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen ◽  
Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen ◽  
Jörg Schullehner ◽  
Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup ◽  
Zeyan Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract Background Nitrosatable drugs commonly prescribed during pregnancy can react with nitrite to form N-nitroso compounds which have been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Whether maternal residential drinking water nitrate modifies this association is unknown. We investigated, if household drinking water nitrate was associated with stillbirth, and if it modified the association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth. Methods We conducted an individual-level register- and population-based cohort study using 652,810 women with the first recorded singleton pregnancy in the Danish Medical Birth Registry between 1997 and 2017. Nitrosatable drug exposure was recorded by use of the Danish National Patient Registry defined as women with a first redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. The reference group was women with no redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug in this period. The average individual drinking water nitrate concentration level (mg/L) was calculated in the same period. We categorized nitrosatable drugs as secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides. Cox hazard regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for stillbirth stratified into five categories of nitrate concentrations: ≤1 mg/L, > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L, > 2- ≤ 5 mg/L, > 5- ≤ 25 mg/L, and > 25 mg/L. Results Drinking water nitrate exposure in the population was not associated with the risk of stillbirth. Among 100,244 women who had a nitrosatable prescription drug redeemed ≤22 weeks of pregnancy of pregnancy, 418 (0.42%) had a stillbirth compared to 1993 stillbirths (0.36%) among 552,566 referent women. Women with any nitrosatable prescription drug intake and > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L nitrate concentration had an increased risk of stillbirth [adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.09)] compared with referent women. In the stratified analyses, the highest risk of stillbirth was found among women with secondary amine intake and > 25 mg/L nitrate concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio 3.11 (95% CI, 1.08–8.94)]. Conclusions The association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth may depend on the level of nitrate in household drinking water. Evaluations of the effect of nitrosatable drug intake on perinatal outcomes might consider nitrate exposure from drinking water.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap Income Over Feed Cost Ayam Broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Heru Suripta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of giving kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaf and Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) extracts on income over the feed cost of broiler chickens. The material used is 60 DOC (day old chicken) strain ross on average initial weight 93.7 g/head. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, and each treatment using the five chickens. The treatment consisted of feeding 5 ml/liter of Moringa leaf and Sambiloto extract, T0: control treatment, T1: bitter extract, T2: Moringa and bitter extract (1:1), T3: Moringa extract. The parameters observed were fed consumption, drinking water consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain, and income per feed cost. Feed cost per gain and income per feed cost were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that drinking water consumption ((196,18-209,07 ml/head/day) was not significantly different. The lowest feed consumption (85,32 g/head/day) and feed conversion (1,34) were found in the treatment of Moringa extracts. The lowest feed cost per gain (Rp/kg) was the treatment with Moringa leaf extract, the highest income over feed cost (Rp. 9.358,84/kg) was the administration of Moringa extract. It can be concluded that Moringa leaf extract gave the best results on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain, and income over feed cost.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document