scholarly journals Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia Parasites in Patients of Four Regions in East – South Baghdad

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Shatha Abdul Wahab Raof
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Lugol’S Iodine ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Age Category

A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol's iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years category whereas the lowest percentage was in the 19 – above years category. Seasonal variations and sex of the infected patients with both protozoa did not reach statistical significance. Significant differences were observed between number of infected patients with B. hominis and G. lamblia in the age categories of respectively Al-Ameen and Al-Baladiyat districts. Significance was recorded in the differences between percentages of the age categories' females as well as of the age category 5 – 10 years males and females that were infected with G. lamblia Similar significance marked the percentages of infection of both sexes with B hominis in the age categories

scholarly journals Occurence of Giardia lamblia in children of municipal day-care centers from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semíramis Guimarães ◽  
Maria Inês L. Sogayar
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Stool Specimen ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The City

Considering that the number of day-care centers for pre-school-age children has expanded rapidly in developing countries, and that these institutions presenting conditions that facilitate the transmission of many enteric agents, a parasitological survey was carried out in three municipal day-cares from Botucatu: two in the urban area (one in downtown area and the other one in the city periphery area) and the third in the rural area. Three separate stool specimens were collected from 147 children ranging from 0 to 72 months old and 20 staff members. Each stool specimen was processed by Lutz and zinc sulfate flotation methods. The frequency of giardiasis observed among children of downtown, periphery and rural day-cares was 69.6%, 52.7% and 69.6%, respectively. Only one employee was positive for G. lamblia. The examination of three stool specimens increased the positivity for G. lamblia: from the ninety three final positive examinations, 24 (25.5%) and 8 (8.5%) were positives only after examination of the second and third samples, respectively. Others intestinal organisms like Ascaris lumbricoides (20.4%), Trichuris trichiura (19.0%). Hymenolepis nana (8.8%), Entamoeba coli (22.4%) and Blastocystis hominis (32.0%) were frequently found in the children. There was no significant association among localization of the day-cares, sex of the children and the levels of G. lamblia infection. According to the age, G. lamblia was found mainly in children between 12 to 47 months old.

scholarly journals A Questionnaire-Based Survey to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Awareness about Drug–Food Interactions among General Public in Western Saudi Arabia

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Syed Faisal Zaidi ◽  
Rayan Mgarry ◽  
Abdullah Alsanea ◽  
Sakar Khalid Almutairi ◽  
Yaser Alsinnari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: Various drug–food interactions exist that may hinder treatment and can sometimes be lethal. Our aim was to assess the level of public knowledge and awareness in Jeddah city, Western Saudi Arabia, about drug–food interactions, along with the effects of demographics on their knowledge. Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered in this cross-sectional study to participants spread across multiple locations in Jeddah, including in malls and public gatherings. Participants included both males and females. Sample size was calculated through Raosoft® software. Data analysis was executed using IBM Statistic SPSS and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 410 people participated in the study and only 92.68% (380) of responses were enrolled in the study; 7.32% (30) were not enrolled due to the exclusion criteria. Surprisingly, only six out of eighteen questions regarding drug–food interactions in the administered questionnaire were correctly answered by 380 participants. Data indicated that the participants had a poor to intermediate level of both knowledge and awareness with respect to drug–food interactions. Furthermore, participants showed moderate to strong awareness of the effects of alcohol and tea generally, and their interaction with medication. Conclusion: Participants in our study showed inadequate knowledge of basic and fundamental information about drug–food interactions, which highlights the dire need to increase awareness.

Prevalence of non-pathogenic types of gastrointestinal protozoa in population in Slovakia and their potential importance in the aspect of public health

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriána Dudlová ◽  
Pavol Jarčuška ◽  
Silvia Jurišová ◽  
Zuzana Vasilková ◽  
Vladimír Krčméry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of non-pathogenic protozoa circulating in the human population of Slovakia. We particularly focused on the socially deprived areas with poor sanitation conditions, as they are one of the factors affecting the transmission of these infections. Within this study, 2760 people were coprologically screened for the presence of protozoan cysts. The analyzed group comprised 1173 men and 1587 women from different regions of Slovakia. The total prevalence (2.03%) of non-pathogenic protozoa species was determined. The prevalence of Entamoeba coli was 0.80%, the prevalence of Endolimax nana 0.58%, and the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis was 0.65%. The presence of non-pathogenic protozoa was more frequent in women than that in men, in all age groups. The highest incidence of Entamoeba coli was found in children aged one month – seven years (0.79%), the lowest in the age group of 19–88 years (0.66%). Endolimax nana was most frequent in 8–18 year-olds (0.95%), where the statistical significance was found (p<0.05). The prevalence of Blastocystis hominis by the age group ranged from 0.39 to 0.95%. We did not find any statistical significance (p>0.05) for Entamoeba coli, and similarly for Blastocystis hominis associated with the sex and age. Although the circulation of non-pathogenic protozoa in the human population is far from being limited to the developing countries, their occurrence is also frequent in the population of developed countries. Despite their controversial pathogenicity, they should not be neglected, particularly in the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals Detection of Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in Rio de Janeiro

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽  
Sandra Laranjeira Lassance ◽  
Carla Pontes de Albuquerque ◽  
José Paulo Gagliardi Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Stool Samples

The objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in dehydrated children with gastroenteritis who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. Stool examinations from 218 children were performed. Cryptosporidium spp was identified in eighteen out of 193 stool samples (9.3%) subjected to safranin-methylene blue staining. Giardia lamblia was detected in ten out of 213 (4.7%) samples examined via the direct or Ritchie methods. Other parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (4.2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (0.5%), Endolimax nana (0.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.5%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier at different pHs: preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. Process
Author(s):  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Gabriela Scarton Barriquello ◽  
Marcos Antônio Villetti ◽  
Roberto Christ Vianna Santos ◽  
Karla Zanini Kantorski
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Objective: Evaluate methylene blue (MB) formulations containing oxygen carrier at different pHs in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Material and Methods: Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 formed over acrylics specimens during five days were treated with aPDT using different formulations: MB/pH 7.4; MB/pH 5.6; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6. Biofilms not exposed to treatment were used as a control. Blind examiner for the experimental groups performed the counting of colonies per ml suspension (CFU/ml). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of factors solvent (carrier vs water) and pH (7.4 vs 5.6). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to evaluate differences among the five groups (control; MB/carrier pH 7.4; MB pH 7.4; MB/carrier pH 5.6; MB pH 5.6). The Statistics 8.0 software was used (P<0.05). Results: All of photodynamic therapy groups showed significant reduction in P. aeruginosa compared to the control group. The solvent factor was not significant (P=0.18), while the pH factor presented statistical significance (P=0.01). When the carrier was used, MB formulation at pH 7.4 presented a statistically greater reduction of P. aeruginosa than the formulation with pH 5.6. Conclusion: The PDT using methylene blue formulations with oxygen carrier demonstrated potential for the treatment of localized infections by P. aeruginosa. MB formulations with oxygen carrier and pH 7.4 resulted in higher antimicrobial effect and should be considered for future studies with multispecies biofilms.  KeywordsAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy; biofilm; laser; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Toxocariosis humana: seroprevalencia en población de Lima mediante la técnica de ELISA

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrma Espinoza ◽  
Pedro Huapaya ◽  
Carlos Sevilla ◽  
Alina Huiza ◽  
Susana Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis

Objetivo: Estimar la seroprevalencia de toxocariosis humana en población de la ciudad de Lima. Diseño: estudio transversal, la selección fue no aleatoria. Material y métodos: En pobladores de la ciudad de Lima que pertenecían a comunidades urbano marginales, se realizó entrevista y examen clínico, y se obtuvo una muestra de suero para procesar la técnica de ELISA para detectar anticuerpos contra Toxocara. También, se solicitó muestras de heces para buscar parásitos intestinales que pudieran originar reacciones cruzadas en la serología. Resultados: Se examinó 553 personas, siendo 23,3% de ellos reactivos. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a sexo ni entre el resultado de ELISA y la presencia de anemia, leucocitosis, eosinofilia y parásitos intestinales. Los mayores de 15 años tuvieron doble probabilidad de resultar reactivos que los menores de 15 años. Disminución de la agudeza visual fue el síntoma más frecuente en los sujetos reactivos. Los parásitos intestinales más frecuentes fueron Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia. Conclusiones: La toxocariosis humana es frecuente en la población de Lima. No se observa asociación estadística entre el hallazgo de anemia y alteraciones de la fórmula leucocitaria con el resultado de ELISA. Es necesario desarrollar programas de difusión para detectar precozmente la infección y así prevenirla.

scholarly journals Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalakanth Shenoy ◽  
George Attokaran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

ABSTRACT Background Selecting and replacing missing teeth to natural proportions and esthetic preference of a patient in the absence of pre-extraction records is a very challenging task. Although facial analysis and proportions are well discussed in many populations, none exists for the Thrissur, Kerala, population. A prosthodontic rehabilitation for Kerala patients relying on other racial norms may result in dissonant facial proportions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the validity of innercanthal distance as a guide in determining the mesiodistal dimension of six maxillary anterior teeth in a selected Malayalee population in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area; (2) to check whether innercanthal distance undergoes dynamic changes over time as a result of aging; and (3) to evaluate whether there is a gender difference in the analyzed mean facial and dental proportions in this population. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 1,200 subjects in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area. From five wards, 240 subjects were selected, out of which 120 were from the 18 to 25 years age group and 120 from the 40 to 50 years age group. Sixty males and females were selected from each group. The innercanthal distance was measured using a Digital Vernier Caliper, and alginate impressions were made to evaluate the size of maxillary anteriors. The data was analyzed statistically. Results The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (p < 0.01) and no significance in males. There was also dynamic changes in the innercanthal dimension and the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors with increase in age (p < 0.001). The difference in the mean of innercanthal distance between the genders was highly statistically significant, but no significance was found between the genders in the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors. Conclusion Within the population evaluated, there was a high statistical significance in females between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth, but not for males. Innercanthal dimension was found to undergo dynamic changes as age increases in both males and females, and it was much higher in males than in females. There was no statistical significance in the comparative evaluation of mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors of males and females in the study. Clinical significance Teeth selection is a critical step in determining the outcome of successful prosthodontic treatment. No definite guidelines for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth pertaining to the Thrissur, Kerala, population exist. A prosthodontic rehabilitation of Thrissur, Kerala, patients relying on other racial norms will result in dissonant facial proportions. In selecting maxillary anterior teeth, the knowledge of racial norms will help specify certain esthetic and functional modifications in treatment plans, which might be specific to each group. Therefore, there remains an unquestionable need for a scientific and reliable method for maxillary anterior teeth selection, which can be applied on this group of Indian population. How to cite this article Attokaran G, Shenoy K. Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):382-387.

scholarly journals Hyperostosis frontalis interna in Arctic groups according to craniology

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Kolyasnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Category

We have examined 942 skulls from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology (13 craniological collections of the Arctic groups). We have analyzed the total frequency of HFI, used a comparative intergroup analysis, and evaluated the degree of HFI expression and the distribution of the trait according to sex and age. Univariate nonparametric statistics was applied. Results. It was found that the rate of HFI in the Arctic groups is much lower than in other groups of modern Eurasian and American populations. In the combined series, HFI was equally represented in both males and females. However, according to the age distribution, the male and female groups are different. HFI was more frequent in males in the Adultus and Maturus groups and in the Senilis group in females. Discussion. The significantly lower frequency of HFI in the Arctic series relative to the other modern groups show us a low level of metabolic disorders in the Arctic population and a good adaptation to the type of nutrition and living in extreme conditions. The obtained data show the predominance of the trait in the groups of mature and elderly women, and the appearance of HFI of different severity in men regardless of the age category. Probably, in the Arctic samples in women, HFI identifies metabolic disorders due to normal hormonal changes in women aging. HFI should be considered as an indicator of the presence of metabolic disorders in young and mature age in Arctic men group.

scholarly journals Gambaran Infeksi Protozoa Usus Pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri 22 Andalas, Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luois Joseph Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Consecutive Sampling

           Infeksi protozoa usus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia dan sering terjadi pada murid-murid sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian protozoa usus pada murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri 22 Andalas, Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dan menggunakan teknik Consecutive Sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 22 Andalas, Padang dari bulan Juli 2017 hingga Oktober 2018 dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 36 sampel tinja. Selanjutnya sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode modifikasi pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen. Dari penelitian ini didapat angka infeksi protozoa usus sebesar 13,9% dan jenis spesies protozoa usus yang ditemukan pada pemeriksaan tinja adalah Mixed infected (Cryptosporidium dan E. histolytica), Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium sp dan Blastocystis hominis. Protozoa usus ini ditemukan lebih tinggi pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki. Spesies lebih banyak ditemukan yaitu Giardia lamblia sebesar 40%. Pencegahan infeksi perlu dilakukan, sehingga angka kesakitan dapat dikurangi. Kata kunci : Protozoa usus, G.lamblia, E. histolitica, Cryptosporidium, B.hominis, Mixed infected

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