scholarly journals Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalakanth Shenoy ◽  
George Attokaran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

ABSTRACT Background Selecting and replacing missing teeth to natural proportions and esthetic preference of a patient in the absence of pre-extraction records is a very challenging task. Although facial analysis and proportions are well discussed in many populations, none exists for the Thrissur, Kerala, population. A prosthodontic rehabilitation for Kerala patients relying on other racial norms may result in dissonant facial proportions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the validity of innercanthal distance as a guide in determining the mesiodistal dimension of six maxillary anterior teeth in a selected Malayalee population in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area; (2) to check whether innercanthal distance undergoes dynamic changes over time as a result of aging; and (3) to evaluate whether there is a gender difference in the analyzed mean facial and dental proportions in this population. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 1,200 subjects in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area. From five wards, 240 subjects were selected, out of which 120 were from the 18 to 25 years age group and 120 from the 40 to 50 years age group. Sixty males and females were selected from each group. The innercanthal distance was measured using a Digital Vernier Caliper, and alginate impressions were made to evaluate the size of maxillary anteriors. The data was analyzed statistically. Results The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (p < 0.01) and no significance in males. There was also dynamic changes in the innercanthal dimension and the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors with increase in age (p < 0.001). The difference in the mean of innercanthal distance between the genders was highly statistically significant, but no significance was found between the genders in the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors. Conclusion Within the population evaluated, there was a high statistical significance in females between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth, but not for males. Innercanthal dimension was found to undergo dynamic changes as age increases in both males and females, and it was much higher in males than in females. There was no statistical significance in the comparative evaluation of mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors of males and females in the study. Clinical significance Teeth selection is a critical step in determining the outcome of successful prosthodontic treatment. No definite guidelines for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth pertaining to the Thrissur, Kerala, population exist. A prosthodontic rehabilitation of Thrissur, Kerala, patients relying on other racial norms will result in dissonant facial proportions. In selecting maxillary anterior teeth, the knowledge of racial norms will help specify certain esthetic and functional modifications in treatment plans, which might be specific to each group. Therefore, there remains an unquestionable need for a scientific and reliable method for maxillary anterior teeth selection, which can be applied on this group of Indian population. How to cite this article Attokaran G, Shenoy K. Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):382-387.

scholarly journals Self-perception and satisfaction with dental appearance and aesthetics with respect to patients’ age, gender, and level of education

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Strajnic ◽  
Dijana Bulatovic ◽  
Ivica Stancic ◽  
Rade Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Appearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
University Degree

Introduction. Patient?s subjective evaluation of dental appearance and aesthetics is becoming an increasingly important factor in aesthetic treatments and prosthetic therapy. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age, education level, gender, and different dental status and the appearance of the upper anterior teeth (color, size, shape, position and alignment of the anterior teeth) on the satisfaction of the respondents with dental appearance and aesthetics of their upper anterior teeth and their desire for improvement. Methods. The study encompassed 480 people aged 20 to 50 years with an average age of 30.84 years. There were 236 male and 244 female subjects. The respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire specially designed for the purpose of this research. For the study, the subjects were divided into the following three age groups: the younger age group (20-30 years of age), the middle age group (31-40 years of age), and the older age group (41-50 years of age). Results. The conducted study did not reveal statistical significance with respect to gender in any of the examined parameters (p > 0.05). A little more than one half of the respondents in each age group were satisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics (60.3% of the respondents in the age group of 20-30 years, 55.7% in the age group of 31-40, and 53.7% in the age group of 41-50 years of age). Satisfaction with dental appearance and aesthetics increases linearly with the increase in the level of education and was the highest among the respondents with university degree (33.3%). Conclusion. Female respondents were more dissatisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics as compared with male respondents, but the difference was found to be non-significant. Patients with higher education level were more satisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics than those with lower education.

Age, Growth, and Sexual Maturity of the Shorthorn Sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, in Newfoundland Waters

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius

In Newfoundland waters, shorthorn sculpins, Myoxocephalus scorpius (L.), live to age 15 and attain a maximum size of just over 50 cm. The growth rates of males and females are little different below age 4, but above age 4 the females grow faster than the males, and the difference between average length-at-age for males and females gets progressively larger with age. Males mature at a younger age and at a smaller size than females. In any age-group where there are mature and immature individuals the mature ones are larger.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and geographical distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in humans in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
S. Jurišová ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
V. Krčméry
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Summary Examinations of the set of 2,760 samples of human stools revealed the current epidemiological situation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitoses in Slovakia. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was P = 6.81 % out of which the protozoan infections was P = 2.64 % and helminthiases P = 4.17 %, in the representation of endoparasitic species Entamoeba coli, Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis, Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis. The species with the highest proportion from the protozoa was Entamoeba coli (P = 0.79 %) and from the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides (P = 3.73 %). The highest prevalence of protozoan infections (P = 3.27 %) was found in the age group 8 – 18 yearly and helminthic infections (P = 5.84 %) in the lowest age group of children at the age of 1 month to 7 years. Almost regularly, there was most frequently infection with Endolimax nana, Giardia intestinalis and Ascaris lumbricoides. By comparison of all age categories, a high statistical significance of differences in the prevalence of helminthiases was found, which most frequently infected children aged from 1 month to 7 years (X2, p≤ 0.0001). The statistical significance of differences in the incidence of protozoan infections (X2, p≤ 0.01) and helminthiases (X2, p≤ 0.0001) was recorded between the compared regions of Slovakia (Western, Central and Eastern Slovakia) with the highest prevalence in the eastern region of Slovakia.

scholarly journals Association Between Cervical Abrasion and Age and Its Influence on Gender - A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Hannah Binti Izham Akmal ◽  
Adimulapu Hima Sandeep ◽  
Revathi Duraisamy
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Cervical lesions are often characterized by defects seen in the gingival third of a tooth crown which may be in the facial or lingual surface. Pathological loss of tooth structure caused by factors other than dental caries such as cervical abrasion is referred to as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Cervical abrasion is an example of NCCL in which a constant exposure of the tooth to mechanical forces leads to pathological wearing away of the hard tissues. In most of the cases, cervical tooth lesions are revealed to be more common as the age increases. Several studies have reported the difference in the prevalence of cervical abrasion between males and females. Many reports suggest that cervical abrasion is commonly associated with improper tooth brushing habits. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical abrasion between genders and its influence on age. It is a retrospective study conducted using the case records of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India from June 2019 to March 2020. Data including the patient’s name, patient’s identification number (PID), age, gender and presence of cervical abrasion were retrieved from the patients’ case records. A total of 742 consecutive case records were retrieved and analysed. Cervical abrasion was observed in 371 individuals of this study. High prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen in males (70.9%) compared to females (29.1%). Most of the cases were observed in individuals within the 41-50 years age group (28.8%), and the least was seen within the 11-20 years age group (0.3%). Within the limits of the study, most of the cervical abrasion cases are recorded in individuals within the 41-50 years age group with higher predilection in males. There is a statistically significant association of cervical abrasion with age and gender.

scholarly journals Establishment of a new relationship between posed smile width and lower facial height: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aby Abraham ◽  
Jinu George ◽  
Elbe Peter ◽  
Koshi Philip ◽  
Rajesh Chankramath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study is intended to add a new parameter that would be useful in orthodontic clinical evaluation, treatment planning, and determination of vertical dimension (at occlusion). Materials and Methods: Standardized videographic recording of 79 subjects during posed smile was captured. Each video was then cut into 30 photos using the free studio software. The widest commissure-to-commissure posed smile frame (posed smile width [SW]) was selected as one of 10 or more frames showing an identical smile. Lower third of the face is measured from subnasale to soft tissue menton using a digital vernier caliper. Two values were then compared. Ratio between lower facial height and posed SW was calculated. Results: The co-relation between smiling width and lower facial height was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The ratio of lower facial height and smiling width was calculated as 1.0016 with a standard deviation (SD) = 0.04 in males and 1.0301 with an SD = 0.07 in females. The difference between the mean lower facial height in males and females was statistically significant with a t = 10.231 and P = 0.000. The difference between the mean smiling width in males and females was also statistically significant with a t = 5.653 and P = 0.000. Conclusion: In class I subjects with pleasing appearance, normal facial proportions, normal overjet and overbite, and average Frankfort mandibular angle, the lower facial height (subnasale to soft tissue menton) is equal to posed SW.

The Clinical Study of Detecting the Endodontic Vitality Clinical Reference Range of Anterior Teeth in Children Used By Laser Doppler Flowmetry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Yang ◽  
Feifei Guo ◽  
Zhifei Zhou ◽  
Zeming Hui ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aim: To measure the pulpal blood flow (PBF) of the upper incisors using the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and to calculate the endodontic vitality clinical reference range using PBF as an indicator in the healthy children. To clarify the factors that might interfere the detection and interpretation of the results. Methods: Seven to twelve-year-old school-age children were recruited randomly. The basic characteristics of the subjects are described in terms of age and gender. The mean, standard deviation, and reference range of the subjects’ PBF values are described based on their age, sex, and tooth position. Multi-factor analysis of variance was implemented, mainly including age, gender, and tooth position. Results: 1) The clinical reference range of the anterior teeth PBF in children of different ages was preliminary defined that was approximately among the range of 7-14. 2). A statistically significant correlation between PBF and age in school-aged children (P < 0.05) was detected and no statistical significance between genders (P > 0.05) was detected. The PBF detection value of lateral incisors was higher than that of central incisors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The determination of the range of clinical reference of anterior teeth PBF in children by LDF could provide a good theoretical basis and reference basis for further promotion of its application.

scholarly journals The Haemoglobin Concentration of Normal English Males and Females

1933 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jenkins ◽  
C. S. D. Don
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

The determination of the mean normal haemoglobin concentration has re ceived more attention in America than in this country. Recently Price-Jones (1931) has compared the values in London with those found in America. He used the Haldane haemoglobinometer and his results are as accurate as is possible having regard to the method employed. In America his results were 3 percent. above those of the Haldane gas analysis apparatus (1901) by which theclinical instrument is supposed to be calibrated. Twenty comparisons were made in America and showed that the Haldane gas apparatus gave results averaging 2·6 per cent. below those of the Van Slyke apparatus. Price-Jones considers this to have no statistical significance. From the standpoint of experimental accuracy the difference is appreciable, as all methods for the measurement of oxygen combined with Hb are essentially pragmatic.

scholarly journals OCENA DYMORFIZMU PŁCIOWEGO WSKAŹNIKA DŁUGOŚCI PALCÓW (2D:4D)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mularczyk ◽  
Angelika Ziętek-Czeszak ◽  
Zbigniew Ziętek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Finger Length Ratio

Introduction: Studies on many populations have shown that the length of the second finger (2D) compared to the fourth (4D), expressed as the finger length ratio (2D:4D), might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. It was also found that the values of 2D:4D differ significantly between examined populations. It is thought that the value of 2D:4D is determined in early foetal life under the influence of genetic factors and the strong influence of sex hormones. It has been proven that the values of 2D:4D are related to, for instance, sexual orientation, and artistic and sporting ability. Recently, increasing interest in the clinical significance of finger length ratio in the diagnosis of somatic and mental disorders has been observed. For example, it was found that values of 2D:4D in individuals suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia or autism were significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimorphism in finger length ratio among representatives of the Polish population.Materials and methods: The study group comprised 115 people (57 females and 58 males). Anthropometric measurements were taken from the second and fourth finger of the right and left hands – from the point of dactylion (da) to pseudophalangion (pph) using analogue callipers. We calculated the significance of differences in 2D:4D between males and females separately for the right and left hands.Results: In both hands mean 2D:4D values were lower in males than in females. The difference in the right hand reached the statistical significance level with p < 0.05.Conclusions: Among the subjects from the examined population the 2D:4D ratio shows trends characteristic for sexual dimorphism.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Morphology of C-Shaped Canals: A CBCT Analysis in a Korean Population

Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sung Eun Yang ◽  
Tae Yeon Lee ◽  
Kyung Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cbct Analysis

This retrospective study of roots with C-shaped canals investigated their prevalence, configuration type, and lingual wall thickness, as well as the panoramic radiographic features of roots in permanent mandibular second molars confirmed to have C-shaped canals on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Korean population. In total, 1884 CBCT images of mandibular second molars were examined by two endodontists to analyze the presence of C-shaped canals according to age and sex. The bilateral occurrence of C-shaped roots and their morphology on panoramic radiography were assessed and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. The classification of Fan et al. was applied to categorize the configurations of C-shaped canals. The lingual wall thickness was calculated in the mesial, middle, and distal areas at the orifice and at 5 mm from the apex. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the mean difference of lingual wall thickness between the apex and orifice level. A P value of 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance in the statistical analyses. Of 2508 mandibular second molars, 924 (36.8%) had C-shaped root canals. The prevalence was significantly lower in the over 61 age group (24.08%) than in the 21–30-year age group (40.02%) and was higher in women (42.32%). Most cases were bilateral (85.9%). The C1 type was the most common (35.3%). The prevalence of C1 type canals decreased, while that of C3b type canals increased with age. In 75.2% of teeth having C-shaped root canals on CBCT, fused roots were observed on panoramic views. The difference in the lingual wall thickness at the orifice and 5 mm from the apex was significant in the middle area in all configurations of C-shaped root canals. When performing nonsurgical or surgical endodontic procedures of the mandibular second molars, clinicians should consider age, sex, ethnicity, and anatomical variations.

FINDING CONSERVED WELL-ORDERED RNA STRUCTURES IN GENOMIC SEQUENCES

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHU-YUN LE ◽  
JACOB V. MAIZEL ◽  
KAIZHONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Similarity Score ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Rna Structures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
The Difference

Recent advances in RNA studies show that the well-ordered, structured RNAs perform a broad functions in various biological mechanisms. Included among these functions are regulations of gene expression at multiple levels by diversified ribozymes and various RNA regulatory elements. The discovered microRNAs (miRNAs) with a distinct stem-loops are a new class of RNA regulatory elements. The prediction of those well-ordered folding sequences (WFS) associated with the RNA regulatory elements in genomic sequences is very helpful for our understandings of RNA-based gene regulations. We present here a new computational method in searching for the conserved WFS in genomes. In the method, the WFS is assessed by a quantitative measure E diff that is defined as the difference of free energies between the computed optimal structure (OS) and its corresponding optimal restrained structure where all the previous base pairings in the OS are forbidden. From those WFS with high E diff scores, the conserved WFS is determined by computing the maximal similarity score (MSS) between the two compared structures. In practice, we first search for those distinct WFS with high statistical significance in genomic sequences and then seek for those conserved WFS with high MSS. The potential and implications of our discoveries in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans are discussed.

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