scholarly journals Suggested Approach to Agricultural Taxation Policy in West Pakistan

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-447
Author(s):  
Javed Hamid
Keyword(s):  
General Tendency ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Taxation Policy ◽  
Market Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

The general tendency in most developing countries is to throw a dispro¬portionate share of the burden of taxation on the 'monetised' or market sector and an insufficient amount on agriculture. The reasons for this are partly administrative and partly political. Taxes levied on the agricultural community are far more difficult to assess and collect and are socially and politically un¬popular because they appear unjust — the people in the agriculture sector are, individually, always so much poorer than the people in the market sector. In Pakistan, from time to time, expert committees have been set up by the government to consider the question of raising more resources from the agri¬culture sector through additional taxation. However, most recommendations of these committees have not been implemented. The system of taxation has re¬mained essentially the same as it was in the nineteenth century and the rates, in real terms, have, if anything, gone down.

People’s Movement in Odisha: An Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-283
Author(s):  
Subhendu Ranjan Raj
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Development process in Odisha (before 2011 Orissa) may have led to progress but has also resulted in large-scale dispossession of land, homesteads, forests and also denial of livelihood and human rights. In Odisha as the requirements of development increase, the arena of contestation between the state/corporate entities and the people has correspondingly multiplied because the paradigm of contemporary model of growth is not sustainable and leads to irreparable ecological/environmental costs. It has engendered many people’s movements. Struggles in rural Odisha have increasingly focused on proactively stopping of projects, mining, forcible land, forest and water acquisition fallouts from government/corporate sector. Contemporaneously, such people’s movements are happening in Kashipur, Kalinga Nagar, Jagatsinghpur, Lanjigarh, etc. They have not gained much success in achieving their objectives. However, the people’s movement of Baliapal in Odisha is acknowledged as a success. It stopped the central and state governments from bulldozing resistance to set up a National Missile Testing Range in an agriculturally rich area in the mid-1980s by displacing some lakhs of people of their land, homesteads, agricultural production, forests and entitlements. A sustained struggle for 12 years against the state by using Gandhian methods of peaceful civil disobedience movement ultimately won and the government was forced to abandon its project. As uneven growth strategies sharpen, the threats to people’s human rights, natural resources, ecology and subsistence are deepening. Peaceful and non-violent protest movements like Baliapal may be emulated in the years ahead.

scholarly journals A SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF CLEAN ENERGY IN INDIA: A TARGET 2022

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076
Author(s):  
Ashish Singhal, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
State Government ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Energy Aspects

The extenuation of non-conventional global energy demands and changing environments is one of the most important ingredients in recent days. A case is about the study of sun energy acquired as clean energy by the government of India (GOI). GOI announced the various schemes for solar energy (SE) in the last decades because of the tremendous growth of solar energy aspects for the non-conventional sources with the support of central and state government. This article covered the progress of solar energy in India with major achievements. In this review article, the authors are trying to show the targets of the government of India (GOI) by 2022 and his vintage battle to set up a plant of solar or clean energy in India. This paper also emphasizes the different policies of GOI to schooling the people for creating the jobs in different projects like “Make in India”. This paper projected the work of the dynamic Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi and his bravura performance to increase the targets 100 GW solar energy by 2022.

General Assembly

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
General Assembly Resolution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Federation of Malaysia: On August 5, 1963, the governments of Malaya, Indonesia, and the Philippines requested the Secretary-General, U Thant, to ascertain by a fresh approach, prior to the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia, the wishes of the people of Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak concerning their future political status. His survey was to be conducted within the context of principle 9 of the annex to General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) of December 15, 1960. More specifically the Secretary-General was asked to consider whether in the recent elections in Sabah and Sarawak: 1) Malaysia had been a major issue if not the major issue; 2) electoral registers had been properly compiled; 3) elections had been free and there had been no coercion; and 4) votes had been properly polled and counted. In addition, he was to take into account the wishes of those who would have exercised their right of self-determination in the recent elections had they not been detained for political activities, imprisoned for political offenses, or absent from the country. Responding to this request and with the consent of the government of the United Kingdom, the Secretary-General set up two working teams under the supervision of his personal representative, which were to work in Sarawak and Sabah. The mission, consisting of nine individuals, held hearings and considered written communications.

scholarly journals Legal Protection for Consumers on Unlabelled Processed Food from Seaweed in Brebes Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Dwi Edi Wibowo ◽  
Benny Diah Madusari
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The People ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Set Up

Some certain types of seaweed, such as Euchema, Cottoni, Gracelaria, are also cultivated by people who live at coastal areas in Java. They make seaweed as a processed food like candies and solid porridge (dodol) because seaweed contains many nutrient substances, such as water (27,8%), protein (5,4%), carbohydrate (33,3%), fat (8,6%), coarse fiber (3%) and ashes (22,25%). Government should convince or guarantee with legal certainties, that people who consume goods and services, especially food products are safe, so that the existing of Rules as well as the regulations and other law for products set up and launched by the government, for giving protection to the people who use or consume the goods and products, will possibly bring a sense of security and improve welfare. The question is how is the legal protection for consumers on unlabelled processed food from seaweed? The Approach method used is empirical-juridical method which is used to solve problems by conducting research on primary data in the field. Juridical itself is a kind of research method referring to the law, the currently in force laws and regulations, and the theory of law.The regulations used in this research are Regulation No 8 / 1999 concerning Customers’ protection that is Regulation No.18 / 2012 concerning food.

scholarly journals The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Development Review ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Taxation Policy ◽  
The Future

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry wrote on "The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution". I find myself in substantial disagreement with a lot of what Mr. Chaudhry has written. First, I would like to clarify some misconceptions that seem to exist regarding the finding of my paper "A Suggested Approach to Agricultural Taxation Policy in West Pakistan", published in the Winter 1970 issue of the Pakistan Development Review. Second, I would comment on Mr Chaudhry's conclusions regarding the scope for additional taxation in the agriculture sector. Finally, I would question the efficacy of the tax policy he has suggested for the future.

Impact Of Emerging Managerial Practices On The Performance Of Indian Hotel Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr.Mukesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modern Era

"Innovation and Market Orientation collectively are considered as the best pillar for the continued existence of any business especially in case of service industry. Hotel Industry also falls in the same purview. Hotel industry in our country, is witnessing most important transformation from conventional to modern era practises. The emerging needs in new sector have arrived from both foreign and domestic visitors. With the view to cope- up with this diverse and mounting demand of the diverse visitors the service industry is striving to create lucrative products to deal with the flamboyant want of the visitors. The government of India has also set itself on pace to fetch an innovative strategy for the emancipation of Indian hotel industry. For example government has introduced schemes to ease the investment by the people and schemes to provide better connectivity by air and land. Government has also put much emphasis on the development of infrastructural reforms of the country for the better growth of hotel industry in our country. This paper puts much emphasis on the emerging Managerial practices like Innovation, Market Orientation trend and its impact on the performance of Indian hotel industry which has drastically shaped the positive set-up of the overall industry. Paper also states the force of emerging customs in the hotel industry and the Indian economy at large from 1990 onwards this conceptual paper would debate for the significance of market orientation and innovation as a strategic culture.

Revolution or Evolution: The Socialist Party, Western Workers, and Law in the Progressive Era

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
John P. Enyeart
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Complete Collapse

In 1913 Socialist Party (SP) leader Morris Hillquit contended that the United States had embarked on the path toward socialism. He argued that the “modern principle of control and regulation of industries by the government indicates the complete collapse of the purely capitalist ideal of non-interference, and signifies that the government may change from an instrument of class rule and exploitation into one of social regulation and protection.” He then asserted that like “the industries, the government is being socialized. The general tendency of both is distinctly towards a Socialist order.” This fit with his understanding of the stages a nation underwent as it progressed first from a society with little to no state involvement in the economy, to a social democracy with state regulation of corporations and protections for workers, to, finally, a socialist state where a government which the people elected managed the economy.

scholarly journals Demonetization Effect on Agriculture Sector - Problems and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Currency Note ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cash Reserves

Agriculture in Indian, economy shares around 50 per cent of the workforce. Farmers, who are considered as the backbone of our national economy, were sternly affected by the currency note demonetization of Indian economy. Most of the farmers who are availing loans from cooperative banks have no cash reserves to supply them. With this effect farmers were not able to buy seeds, fertilizers and other required things for farming on time. It took almost 8 weeks to resolve this issue. Till that time, farmers found it very difficult, they normally deal their transactions in cash. The cash transactions in our economy are extremely high when compared with the total number of electronic transactions carried on a daily basis. Most of the earlier studies emphasizes more about cashless payments and its advantages, Debit and Credit Cards using in retail sector, epayments and their problems faced by the public in using plastic cards for payments etc., all these could not solve the shortage of currency in the country at a time. Eventhough there is no much difference in value and volume of currency i.e., the calculated values for the hypotheses formulated are 0.148 and 0.075 respectively, but the people were much more suffered due to the demonetization of currency by the Government due to that agriculture sector severely affected. The previous studies could not much focused on agriculture sector. Hence, this kind of specific study is highly needed in the context of demonetization. By using multi-stage random sampling technique 330 sample respondents were selected.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OF E-COMMERCE ADOPTION IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THROUGHOUT THE COVID-19: BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture is the solution to the overall development of any country. The internet lasts to become more widespread among people who transact with the agricultural business of any type. The incomplete health crisis about COVID 19 has affected all communities Frontline Health Responders are a priority for countries in saving the lives of the people suffering from this disease. The government has taken action since the Coronavirus hit created an extraordinary situation. India initially announced a three-week nationwide lockdown until the middle of April, after that was extended to achieve satisfactory control of the virus outbreak. In these tough times how Indian farmers react to the crisis and the actions taken by the government to help farmers across the country. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of e-commerce on the agricultural sector throughout the Covid 19 pandemic. The study employs samples from farmers of the Warangal and Nalgonda districts. The purpose of the study is to examine the E-commerce sources selected for the agriculture sector and Reasons for using e-commerce in the agriculture and Overall satisfaction on utilization of e-commerce in agriculture sector throughout covid-19. The result reveals that farmers started benefiting from the use of e-commerce in their agriculture. The findings of the study suggest that government should take little more initiation in training and supplying them with agricultural inputs with subsidies. The study briefly explains the Objectives, Hypothesis, Data analysis, Impact, Role, Benefits, and Limitations of E-Commerce in the agricultural sector throughout covid-19.

Public Private Partnership for Infrastructure Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upinder Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indian State ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are an absolute necessity in India as all levels of the government in the country (i.e., federal, state, and local) are facing budgetary deficits. PPPs in various spheres of economic activity can bridge the gap between the capacity of the state to grow and the factors which are pulling it behind. In a successful PPP model, all the stakeholders (i.e., the government, the people, and the private partners) pose a disciplinary mechanism to each other. The present chapter seeks to study the policy for PPPs in the Indian state of Punjab as also the institutional framework for the same. It also seeks to examine the feasibility of using PPP model for the much-needed development of the agriculture sector in the state. The fiscal situation of the state and its indebtedness along with the populist policies of the government do not leave any room for either the maintenance or the creation of any new infrastructure in the state. Both rural and urban infrastructure in Punjab can be strengthened through the PPP route. The chapter focuses on the problems of Punjab economy and the role of PPPs in fixing the same.

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