scholarly journals Alternative Trade Strategies and Employment in LDCs: An Overview

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Alternative Trade ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Factor

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence about interactions between trade policy instruments and domestic factor markets and their role in affecting the labour intensity of industry mix and choice of techniques in a number of developing countries. Using estimates of the elasticities of substitution in the manufacturing sector ,statistical evidence is presented to determine the impact of trade policy on industrial employment. There is a strong presumption that the phenomena under review were mainly responsible for low rates of employment growth in the industrial sector in those countries where distortions were sizeable.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Canada-U.S. Hog/Pork Trade Dispute on the Composition of U.S. Pork Imports

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Larue ◽  
Jean-Philippe Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Countervailing Duties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Trade theorists have demonstrated that different trade policy instruments have different effects on the quality and source of imports. Countervailing duties (CVDs), like specific tariffs, should induce quality upgrading. However, the magnitude and timing of the quality adjustments are influenced by the credibility of the duties that can be legally contested and modified after annual administrative reviews. Index numbers are used to assess the timing and magnitude of the product mix and country mix substitution effects in U.S. pork imports in response to the U.S. CVDs on Canadian exports of live hogs and fresh, chilled, and frozen pork.

scholarly journals Development of innovation and investment potential of the industrial sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Anatoliivna Markina ◽  
Serhii Mykolaiovych MARCHYSHYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main catalyst for effective transformations in the industrial sector of the economy is innovation and investment policy, which aims to increase the potential, namely the capacity of the manufacturing sector of the Ukrainian economy. The innovation and investment potential closely reflect the objectively existing possibility of socio-economic development of the human system. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic principles and approaches that reflect the innovation and investment potential and the essence of innovation and investment development. Results. The state ideology in the field of innovation and investment policy is considered. A generalization of the concept of “development” of the philosophical point of view is presented. The decisive role of development in understanding the essence of everything is proved. The vector of development in terms of its regressive or progressive manifestation is considered. It is determined that the stages of development are the stages of system change, which include: appearance, upward stage of development, maximal development or maturity, regressive changes or downward stage, disintegration and death. The tendency of differentiation in socio-economic systems is determined. The essence of “becoming” as a stage in the system development is considered. The essence of the system's maturity is revealed. External and internal sources of system development are considered. On the basis of the theoretical generalization, the key properties of the concept of “development” are given: it acts as a form of constant movement forward from simple to complex form; the degree of development is determined by the influence of external and internal factors; the way of development of the system is determined by its basic motives, the degree of recognition by the system of objectively existing reality; development is possible if it’s provided by the quantitative parameters of the end goal; the form of its implementation is cyclical or spiral; analysis of development must be carried out in two directions of research: in the material and spiritual worlds. The definition of “innovation” is given. The essence of scientific and technological progress as a basis of economic development is considered and the vision of leading scientists-economists on this phenomenon is presented. Quantitative estimates of the impact of innovative GDP growth are provided. The quantitative contribution of various factors of economic growth of a market economy is given. Key words: management, enterprise, potential, innovations, investments, innovation and investment develop-ment.

scholarly journals The Role of Power Generation and Industrial Consumption Uncertainty in De-industrialising Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4I) ◽  
pp. 517-536
Author(s):  
Bushra Yasmin ◽  
Wajeeha Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The Impact

The term deindustrialisation refers to the process of socio-economic changes taking place due to reduction in the industrial capacity and/or the loss of industrial potential of an economy. This also connotes the secular decline in the share of industrial sector employment as observed in developed countries since 1970s. The secular shift from manufacturing to services sector reflects the impact of discrepancy in productivity growth between the said sectors. A faster rise in productivity in manufacturing sector than in services switches the employment from manufacturing to the services sector, as suggested by Rowthorn and Ramaswamy (1997). Generally, deindustrialisation is considered as the natural outcome of economic development because it involves the transformation from primitive agriculture-based economy to the modern industrial-based. After the establishment of manufacturing sector, the long-run economic growth stimulates an innovation-based economy implying the services sector’s growth [Galor (2005)]. However, the process requires a gradual shift accompanied by allied institutional and infrastructural reforms and the process of deindustrialisation occurs at the later stage of development.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR, KEMISKINAN DAN BELANJA PEMERINTAH BIDANG LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azanul Akbar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Manufacturing sector is one of the sectors that contribute to economic growth in Indonesia. Results of these contributions is the changing structure of the Indonesian economy from agriculture to the industrial sector. And poverty in Indonesia which is one indicator of well‐being in an area tend to be in 2000 to 2010 has a pattern that tends to decline, although not very significant. Of 2 (two) variables, namely the Manufacturing Sector and Poverty, the author tries to determine the impact of variables on water quality in Indonesia, by adding variable Expenditures Environmental Affairs as variables that also impact the water quality in Indonesia. Manufacturing Sector GDP, the number of poor, Regional Budget (APBD) Environmental Field, each is used as a proxy for the manufacturing sector, poverty and Environment Sector Government expenditure. The data is compiled based on 28 provinces in Indonesia in 2009, 2010 and 2011. The results obtained showed that the industrial sector and poverty have a negative impact on water quality while Government Expenditure Environment Sector positive effect on water quality in Indonesia.

scholarly journals El impacto de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en la industria manufacturera de Baja California

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (69) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Alicia Gonzalez Torres ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Ibarra Cisneros ◽  
Karla Emilia Cervantes Collado
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The Impact

Resumen: en este artículo se analizó el comportamiento de la adopción de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los subsectores manufactureros de Baja California, para determinar sus efectos en los resultados económicos y los cambios que generan en las empresas. Para ello se utilizaron seis dimensiones del modelo desarrollado por Karmarkar y Mangal (2004), y con la tau-b de Kendall se calculó la correlación entre el grado de adopción de dichas tecnologías y los resultados económicos. Aunque éstos no se compararon con los de otros estudios, puesto que aquí sólo se seleccionó cierto tipo de empresas, se logró exponer la situación del sector manufacturero estatal, en relación con el uso de las tecnologías. Por lo que se puede concluir que la adopción de éstas influye positivamente en los resultados de las empresas.Palabras clave: correlación; industrias manufactureras; industria-innovaciones tecnológicas; sector industrial; pequeña y mediana empresa; investigación cualitativa.  The impact of information and communication technologies on the manufacturing industry of Baja CaliforniaAbstract: this paper analyzes the performance of the adoption of information and communication technologies in manufacturing sub-sectors of Baja California in order to determine their effects on the economic results and the changes generated in the companies. For this purpose, six dimensions of the model developed by Karmarkar and Mangal (2004) were utilized, and using the Kendall’s tau-b the correlation between the level of adoption of such technologies and the economic results was calculated. Although these were not compared to those of other studies, since only certain types of companies were selected, the situation of state manufacturing sector was set out in relation to the use of these technologies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adoption of such technologies has a positive influence on the performance of companies. Key words: correlation; manufacturing industries; industry-technological innovations; industrial sector; small and medium-sized enterprises; qualitative research.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Large-scale Manufacturing in Pakistan: A Production Frontier Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Ejaz Ghani ◽  
Musleh-Ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Production Frontier

The large scale manufacturing sector in Pakistan has gained increasing prominence over the years with its share in output rising to about 13 percent in 2005-06 from 5.67 percent in 1959-60.1 The sector has operated amid varying policy environments ranging from outright import substitution in the early years to a more deregulated and liberal environment in the recent years driven largely by concerns to improve the efficiency of the industrial sector which is critical for attaining greater competitiveness. While industrial and trade policy reforms in recent years have exposed domestic enterprises to greater internal and external competition, most of these enterprises continue to seek state patronage and have yet to reposition themselves to compete effectively in the global market place. Furthermore, the trade policy still has an import substitution bias for certain critical sectors whose imports are subject to tariff peaks and this raises concerns on their efficiency. This study aims to assess the efficiency of large scale manufacturing sector in Pakistan using the production frontier approach. Section 2 reviews the literature while Section 3 sets out the methodology and discusses data employed in the study. Section 4 analyses empirical findings, and Section 5 concludes the discussion.

Fourth industrial revolution and India's “employment problem”

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-866
Author(s):  
Sujatra Bhattacharyya ◽  
Arup Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Problem ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims at assessing the impact of innovation on productivity as sustainable development can be attained primarily through non-resource-driven growth. Secondly, it also proposes to reflect on the rising capital intensity in the Indian industries as technology advancement, particularly in the light of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to reduce the labour absorbing capacity of the industrial sector.Design/methodology/approachBased on panel data for different Indian firms in various groups of industries, this paper estimates TFPG and TE (following Cornwell et al. methodology) and assesses the impact of R&D expenditure on the performance indices. Secondly, it measures the capital intensity across various groups of industries to reflect on the “employment problem”.FindingsInnovation does not seem to enhance the performance index in a very significant manner across industry groups considered in the study. The lack of extensive evidence on impact of innovation on total factor productivity growth suggests that innovation does not necessarily result in technological progress while the need of the hour is to experience non-resource-driven growth on the one hand and employment growth on the other. The positive impact of innovation on efficiency as seen in the paper can be interpreted as the expenditure incurred to realize the potentiality of the technology which is possibly imported. However, capital accumulation is resulting in rapid productivity growth at the cost of employment.Research limitations/implicationsCapturing technological progress in terms of TFPG can be subjected to criticism.Practical implicationsPolicy implications for employment generation and inclusive growth are derived.Social implicationsThe study cautions us about the adverse implications in terms of employment growth.Originality/valueAssessing the impact of innovation on performance such as TFPG and TE is rather rare in the literature, and this paper tries to reflect on this aspect using the Indian firm-level data. Secondly, the trade-offs between productivity growth and employment growth are brought out distinctly in order to highlight the declining labour absorbing capacity of the industrial sector. This enables us to reflect on the adverse consequences of the fourth industrial revolution.

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In India the Foreign direct investment (FDI) has received a staged improvement from instigate of the Make in India scheme, according to recent survey. There was a incredible increase in FDI inflows (40%) particularly in manufacturing sector from October, 2014 to June, 2019 . The industrial sector is considered to be the one of the dominant sectors that contribute the major Indian GDP. India has been ranked fourteenth in the factory output in the world. This was because of the launch of initiative, which sought for promoting manufacturing segments and be a magnet for foreign investments. More than 56 manufacturing units are benefitted in the entire globe. In the recent times during the year 2014 to 2019 the Industrial production inclined to 3.1 per cent, mainly on account of improvement and to encourage talent augmentation towards the various sectors of the economy. This article brings out the recent efforts taken by the government for encouraging the FDI into various sectors and how it has made a pathway. In the last ten years India has shown a tremendous increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the various sectors in economy. Even though Government of India has make a pathway for attracting FDI on various sectors, this papers focuses on explaining the impact of make in India scheme on FDI. In this paper period of five years has been considered for the analysis. The Statistical Tools like Karl Pearson's Coefficient Correlation and One - Way ANOVA has been used for the analysis of data. To study the relationship between the FDI and IIP correlation is used for the analysis of data

scholarly journals Industrial production in ensuring economic security of the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Methods

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the industrial sector on ensuring economic security at the regional level. The article addresses the issues of orientation of methods assessment of economic security of the region, to use data that reflects the functioning of the industry and also to study of the contribution of manufacturing to economic security and sustainable development in Omsk region. The research uses scientific methods of comparison, analysis of materials, as well as the calculation method. The main results of the study are that the industrial sector of the regional economy is one of the key and mandatory components of ensuring regional socio-economic development, maintaining the necessary level of protection of the region, respectively, the performance of industry should be one of the main blocks in complex methods for assessing economic security at the regional level. Regarding the Omsk region, it is confirmed that the region in the context of economic security and social and labor stability is significantly dependent on the manufacturing sector.

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