scholarly journals Industrial Growth and Urban Land Requirements in East Pakistan

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-565
Author(s):  
John C. Eddison
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industrial Expansion

East Pakistan is currently in the early stages of a major, long-term programme of industrial development. This programme, which has been substantially speeded up under the Second Five Year Plan, is to be further accelerated under the Third Plan. Whether or not such an increased rate of development can be sustained will depend on whether critical bottlenecks in the supply of the basic ingredients of industrial growth can be eliminated or prevented from occurring. One such bottleneck, which is already slowing down industrial expansion and which could completely hobble it under the Third Plan, is the inadequate supply of suitable industrial land. This scarcity of good land for locating new mills and factories is an aspect of the larger problem of the inadequacy of urban land for commercial, residential, public utility and other important uses in almost every part of the province where economic growth is taking place. This problem, which is already quite serious, can be expected to become progressively worse with rising levels of investment and employment.

Third World indebted industrialization: international finance and state capitalism in Mexico, Brazil, Algeria, and South Korea

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Frieden
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Role Of The State

The past fifteen years have seen two important developments in the international economic system: the rapid industrialization of many less developed countries (LDCs) and their increasing indebtedness to private financial institutions. Massive bank loans have been used to fund industrial growth in many LDCs; international financial markets have replaced multinational corporations as the Third World's most important source of private foreign capital. In four major borrowing countries—Mexico, Brazil, Algeria, and South Korea—the process of indebted industrialization has its roots in the internationalization of finance, the increasing role of the state, and the use of funds raised on the international capital markets to finance industrial development. The results include rapid expansions of LDC industrial production and LDC exports of manufactured products, as well as the formation of an implicit partnership between private financial institutions and state-capitalist elites in the Third World.

scholarly journals Industrial- or Residential-Dominant Development? A Comparative Analysis of Maritime Industrial Development Areas of Liaoning, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Sherry Yu ◽  
Lianlian Liu ◽  
Wie Lu ◽  
Jun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Case Comparison

This paper adopts a case-comparison method to study the spatial layout features of maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) in Liaoning, China, in reference to similar projects in other Asian countries including Japan, South Korea and Singapore. Our study focuses on industry-city spatial relationship, land position and proportion, coastline utilization intensity and industrial land organization. We show that supplementary residential and recreational land has primarily occupied the high-quality coastlines, and resulted in limited industrial access to marine resources. Our theoretical and empirical analyses connect this feature to local government finances, purchase restriction policy and an investment-driven surge in demand for coastal residential housing. Many areas now exhibit low utilization of industrial land accompanied by the emergence of “ghost cities” phenomenon, which are critical factors that the policymakers should consider in the future planning of coastal development. Interviews with local developers, housing authority personnel, relocated employees and residents confirm our findings. We conclude with policy recommendations for promoting long-term sustainable development in the coastal area.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF MASLOW’S THEORY ON CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
S Radhakrishnan ◽  
Dr K G Selvan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Institutional Finance

India is literally galloping in Industrial Development. The traditional identity of agrarian economy is superseded by rapid industrialization. The country accords top priority for industrial growth.  We have a commendable presence in World Trade Organization as well. India is considered as the mouthpiece of developing nations. Multinational Companies evince keen interest in having joint venture with Indian Corporates. They consider India as the safe platform for their industrial investment here. This, appreciably promotes employment opportunities in the country. People from rural areas move to urban areas seeking employment. The industrial pay structure is also reasonable enough enabling people have a good disposable income. The accumulation of people in the city necessitates more of living space in the city. The rental cost in the city is getting dearer. This results in construction of more number of apartments in multi storied buildings in the city and the outskirts of same. Another important thing that deserves mention is the easily available long term institutional finance for youngsters. They prefer to buy an apartment rather than going in for rental accommodation as, in comparison, the EMI is much better than paying rent which does not give them any benefit at all.

Optimalization of structure of tourism destination supply

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Ivo Žuvela
Keyword(s):  
Public Utility ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

Purpose of this work is to show complexity of supply of tourism destination and to stimulate its permanent improving and optimalization. The work is divided into four chapters. The first one gives the concept of tourism destination as a modem expression of tourism attractiveness of higher levels and as synthesis of tourism supply entirety. The second chapter considers the characteristics and typical requests of modern tourist demands across its segments. The third chapter examines the supply structure of a tourism destination, which comprises, besides hotels, other accommodation and catering facilities, necessary traffic and public utility infrastructure, entertaining - recreational amenities, ecological qualities of natural and human environment as well as other attractive conveniences of out-of-board consumption. Crucial significance of price and quality of services are also discussed. The fourth chapter presents the process of permanent improving of supply structure, the purpose of which is its optimalization. Based on objective perceiving of adverse sides of supply, one makes and carries out short and long-term programmes for improving the supply structure, with necessary reconstructions and investments. Economic and organizational measures; tasks of local self-government, tourism associations and tourism enterprises.

Prospects for matching strategic directions of the intergraphic development of the Economic Union and the Economic belt of the Silk road

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
V. Zubenko ◽  
A. Massalimova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Title One ◽  
The Silk Road

The accelerated economic development of China in recent decades has allowed it to accumulate the potential to multiply its influence in Eurasia and initiate a number of ambitious political and economic projects designed for the long term. The most important of these are the concepts of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st Century Marine Silk Road (UWB), put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping in autumn 2013 and subsequently combined under the title "One Belt — one way" as the strategy of China’s foreign economic policy, at least until 2022. Another factor behind the emergence of the SREB concept is the change in China’s foreign economic paradigm and its transition from a country attracting foreign direct investment to a donor country. Therefore, industrial cooperation is an important part of the SREB. In the negotiations of the EAEU countries with China on the integration of the EAEU and the SREB, it is necessary to take into account the interests of the industrial development of the EAEU countries, as well as the possible economic, political, operational and environmental risks that the process of interfacing with the SREB entails. It is necessary that the industrial cooperation of the EAEU countries and China be based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit.

Laura’s Students One and Seven Years Later

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Watson
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
The Third

In the third year, Laura took a leave through November to help settle her newly adopted child. Her students missed her and, when she returned, some seemed to have reverted to their original untrusting selves. Soon, their trust in Laura and in themselves was restored. Would that trust remain? Seven years later, I interviewed 9 of the 14 students still in the school district. All remembered Laura and the class fondly. Eight had detailed memories of their interactions with Laura, and the life skills and attitudes they learned in her class. Of the six students who were judged insecurely attached when they entered Laura’s class, four appeared successful and confident and two were currently failing most of their courses. Possible causes for the long-term success of some students and failure of others are discussed.

GA: Armani’s Giorgio Armani

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Woman

The Armani high-fashion example illustrates the importance of adaptive rational methods in his founding and developing of an iconic high-fashion firm. Armani adapted stylistically to fashion’s new times in the 1970–80s by creating a new style catering for the career woman. His stylistic adaptation is compared with that of another famous Italian fashion designer, Versace, who instead modernized haute couture fashion and created a succession of glamourous styles. Both leaders exploited the same opportunity but in different ways. The third section compares these leaders’ legacies in the 1990s–2000s and assesses from a long-term perspective how capably they had used adaptive rational methods. The final section shifts the focus from fashion to the cosmetics industry and from Italy to the UK. Anita Roddick used adaptive rational methods to establish The Body Shop corporation in the 1970s–80s. However, she then abandoned rational methods with dire results for her corporation in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Extended analytical formulae for the perturbed Keplerian motion under low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Di Carlo ◽  
Simão da Graça Marto ◽  
Massimiliano Vasile
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Perturbation ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Third Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Orbital Perturbations ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Numerical Orbit ◽  
Body Potential

AbstractThis paper presents a collection of analytical formulae that can be used in the long-term propagation of the motion of a spacecraft subject to low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations. The paper considers accelerations due to: a low-thrust profile following an inverse square law, gravity perturbations due to the central body gravity field and the third-body gravitational perturbation. The analytical formulae are expressed in terms of non-singular equinoctial elements. The formulae for the third-body gravitational perturbation have been obtained starting from equations for the third-body potential already available in the literature. However, the final analytical formulae for the variation of the equinoctial orbital elements are a novel derivation. The results are validated, for different orbital regimes, using high-precision numerical orbit propagators.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of a hybrid emergency room system for severe trauma: a health technology assessment from the perspective of the third-party payer in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kinoshita ◽  
Kensuke Moriwaki ◽  
Nao Hanaki ◽  
Tetsuhisa Kitamura ◽  
Kazuma Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background Hybrid emergency room (ER) systems, consisting of an angiography-computed tomography (CT) machine in a trauma resuscitation room, are reported to be effective for reducing death from exsanguination in trauma patients. We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of a hybrid ER system in severe trauma patients without severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods We conducted a cost-utility analysis comparing the hybrid ER system to the conventional ER system from the perspective of the third-party healthcare payer in Japan. A short-term decision tree and a long-term Markov model using a lifetime time horizon were constructed to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and associated lifetime healthcare costs. Short-term mortality and healthcare costs were derived from medical records and claims data in a tertiary care hospital with a hybrid ER. Long-term mortality and utilities were extrapolated from the literature. The willingness-to-pay threshold was set at $47,619 per QALY gained and the discount rate was 2%. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results The hybrid ER system was associated with a gain of 1.03 QALYs and an increment of $33,591 lifetime costs compared to the conventional ER system, resulting in an ICER of $32,522 per QALY gained. The ICER was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold if the odds ratio of 28-day mortality was < 0.66. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the hybrid ER system was cost-effective with a 79.3% probability. Conclusion The present study suggested that the hybrid ER system is a likely cost-effective strategy for treating severe trauma patients without severe TBI.

scholarly journals Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Holtmann ◽  
Julia Buskas ◽  
Matthew Steele ◽  
Kristaps Solokovskis ◽  
Jochen B. W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

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