scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Spreading Process of Ellipsoidal Spraying Droplet Impacting on Superhydrophobic Surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p160
Author(s):  
Qingmin Pan ◽  
Deyu Tu ◽  
Baohong Tong ◽  
Yongguang Hu ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Interface Tracking ◽  
Spreading Coefficient ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Spreading

Agricultural spray deposition is especially important for pesticide application because low efficiency can lead to environmental pollution, poor biological efficiency and economic loss. The deposition of pesticide spray on the leave surfaces is related to the impact kinetic behavior of droplets. But after considering the deformation of the droplet, how impingement will affect the deposition is an interesting research. In this study, a superhydrophobic surface was used to replace the plant surface that the pesticide droplets may affect. An interface tracking method was proposed to characterize the impingement dynamics behaviors of different ellipsoid droplets impacting on the surface. The maximum spreading coefficient and time of ellipsoidal droplets increased with the raise of their size. A lower sized droplet has a faster spreading rate, while the center of a higher sized droplet is thinner. As the velocity of pesticide increases, maximum spreading coefficient of droplet increases with a decrease in the maximum spreading time of droplet. The simulation results can contribute to provide theoretical basis for improving spray efficiency.

A Study on Evolution of Splat Radius and Temperature in Thermal Spray Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Dash ◽  
Sangharsh Kumar ◽  
Partha Pratim Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Anandaroop Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Metal Droplet ◽  
Droplet Impingement ◽  
Impact Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Spreading

The impact process of a molten metal droplet impinging on a solid substrate surface is encountered in several technological applications such as ink-jet printing, spray cooling, coating processes, spray deposition of metal alloys, thermal spray coatings, manufacturing processes and fabrication and in industrial applications concerning thermal spray processes. Deposition of a molten material or metal in form of a droplet on a substrate surface by propelling it towards it forms the core of the spraying process. During the impact process, the molten metal droplet spreads radially and simultaneously starts losing heat due to heat transfer to the substrate surface. The associated heat transfer influences impingement behavior. The physics of droplet impingement is not only related to the fluid dynamics, but also to the respective interfacial properties of solid and liquid. For most applications, maximum spreading diameter of the splat is considered to be an important factor for droplet impingement on solid surfaces. In the present study, we have developed a model for droplet impingement based on energy conservation principle to predict the maximum spreading radius and the radius as a function of time. Further, we have used the radius as a function of time in the heat transfer equations and to study the evolution of splat-temperature and predict the spreading factor and the spreading time and mathematically correlate them to the spraying parameters and material properties.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Consumption on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Silviu Nate ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Danylo Cherevatskyi ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Oleksandr Lyakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyzes the impact of energy consumption on the three pillars of sustainable development in 74 countries. The main methodological challenge in this research is the choice of a single integral indicator for assessing the social component of sustainable development. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), ecological footprint, and GDP (Gross domestic product) are used to characterize the social, ecological, and economical pillars. The concept of physics, namely the concept of density (specific gravity), is used. It characterizes the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, i.e., reflects the saturation of a certain volume with this substance. Thus, to assess the relationship between energy consumption and the three foundations of sustainable development, it is proposed to determine the energy density of the indicators DALY, the ecological footprint, and GDP. The reaction to changes in energy consumption is described by the elasticity of energy density functions, calculated for each of the abovementioned indicators. The state of the social pillar is mostly dependent on energy consumption. As for the changes in the ecological pillar, a 1% reduction in energy consumption per capita gives only a 0.6% ecological footprint reduction, which indicates a low efficiency of reducing energy consumption policy and its danger for the social pillar. The innovative aspect of the research is to apply a cross-disciplinary approach and a calculative technique to identify the impact that each of the pillars of sustainable development imposes on energy policy design. The policy of renewable energy expansion is preferable for all sustainable development pillars.

scholarly journals Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
El Mahdi Redouane ◽  
Marisa Freitas ◽  
Samuel Amaral ◽  
Tomé Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Impact

Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs /L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs.

Numerical Study of Corrugated Metal Panels Subjected to Windborne Debris Impacts

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Wen Su Chen ◽  
Hong Hao ◽  
Hao Du
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Windborne Debris ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metal Panels ◽  
Corrugated Metal

Hurricane, typhoon and cyclone take place more and more often around the world with changing climate. Such nature disasters cause tremendous economic loss and casualty. Various kinds of windborne debris such as compact-like, plate-like and rod-like objects driven by hurricane usually imposes localized impact loading on the structure envelopes such as cladding, wall or roof, etc. The dominant opening in the envelope might cause serious damage to the structures, even collapse. To withstand the impact of such extreme event, the requirements on panel capacity to resist windborne debris impact has been presented in the Australian Wind Loading Code (2011) [1]. Corrugated metal panels are widely used as building envelop. In a previous study, laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the performance of corrugated metal panels subjected to a 4kg wooden projectile by considering various impact locations, impact velocities and boundary conditions. In this study, numerical models were developed to simulate the responses of the corrugated metal panels subjected to wooden debris impacts by using commercial software LS-DYNA. The predicted data from the numerical simulations were compared with the experimental results. The validated numerical model can be used to conduct intensive numerical simulation to study the failure probabilities of corrugated structural panels subjected to windborne debris impacts.

The development of the pension system of Russia: Challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2548-2574
Author(s):  
Andrei I. MASTEROV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article analyzes the economic and demographic conditions for the Russian pension system’s development and the impact of the effectiveness of investment projects implementation on pension savings. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the Russian pension system’s development difficulties in terms of an unfavorable investment climate and negative demographic trends, and identify ways to propel the pension savings investing profitability increase. Methods. For the study, I used induction and deduction, and the methods of systems and statistical analyses. Results. The article offers recommendations for the development of a system of measures aimed at improving the methodological support for the preparation and implementation of management decisions on investment project management. Conclusions and Relevance. Solving the problems of the pension system through the development of voluntary pension savings is constrained by the low efficiency of the investment projects implementation. The results of the study can be used when developing legislative, organizational and methodological measures aimed at improving the efficiency of investing pension savings in investment projects implemented in the Russian Federation.

Indications for Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Patel ◽  
Kenneth B Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can be used to support patient’s kidney function in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, timing, modality, and dosing of RRT continue to remain in question. Recent studies have begun to provide data to help guide clinicians on when to initiate RRT, what form of RRT to use ranging from continuous venovenous hemofiltration (VVH) to intermittent hemodialysis, and the impact of high versus low-intensity dosing. Additionally, the risks associated with temporary vascular access with regard to thrombosis and infection, the impact of high efficiency and flux versus low efficiency and flux membranes, and options for anticoagulation in RRT for AKI are also discussed. This review contains 75 references.  Key words: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, continuous venovenous hemodialysis, renal replacement therapy, venovenous hemofiltration, 

The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Environmental Loss Ratio: Evidence from Taiwanese Insurance Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850020
Author(s):  
Li-Hua Lai ◽  
Ching-Hao Chen ◽  
Tung-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Factor ◽  
Environmental Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data

Environmental insurance (EI) protections help resolve the firm-industry economic loss problem. However, the loss ratio of EI is positively affected by itself from one period ahead. The positive and negative effects of macroeconomic factor on the loss ratio of EIs are not necessarily consistent, but they are dependent on the effect of the year’s environmental condition. The economic variables affecting the loss ratio of EI are quite inconsistent, so insurance prices and liability reserves should be modified every year. While the investigations are the special properties of our input data of Taiwan, the prescription of this paper could provide cross-references with other countries.

scholarly journals Research on Green Innovation of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group Based on Network

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wenzhong Ye ◽  
Lingming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Group

This article aims to promote the high-quality development of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and improve the green innovation efficiency of urban agglomeration. This article takes green innovation in networked urban agglomerations as its research subject. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of network structure characteristics such as network scale and network structure hole on green innovation in urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study uses the unexpected output SBM model to measure green innovation efficiency of the eight prefecture-level cities in the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group from 2012 to 2018 and analyzes its influencing factors using the panel Tobit model. The results show that the overall green innovation efficiency of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group is stable. The distribution of urban green innovation efficiency in the region is characterized by urban gradient and mid-stream drive. In the process of networked innovation, economic development, which has a positive impact on green innovation, promotes the overall effectiveness of the network structure. The low efficiency of urban educational resources, which has a negative impact on green innovation, leads to the redundancy of a network scale. The unapparent advantage of industrial structures, which have a negative impact on the development of green innovation, leads to the insufficient depth and breadth of network openness. Lastly, government support and the level of infrastructure have no impact on green innovation.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Persistence of Movento® Treatment against Myzus persicae and the Transmission of Aphid-Borne Viruses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.

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