scholarly journals Acquisition of a spatial navigation task in the padding pool induces an increase of GABA level in the hippocampus of Swiss mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 016-024
Author(s):  
Isabela Cristina Romano Sena ◽  
Angela Maria Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Navigation Task ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The balance between excitatory and inhibitory glutamatergic and GABAergic systems, respectively, is crucial for the maintenance of complex cognitive functions such as learning. Using Swiss mice as experimental model, the aims of the present study were to evaluate cognitive performance in a shallow water maze (SWM) and the effects of training in this spatial navigation task on hippocampal GABA and glutamate levels. In addition, correlations between neurochemical and behavioural data, and between glutamate and GABA levels were assessed. Forty-six three-month-old mice were divided into three groups: Learning, n=18: animals submitted to the SWM task; Active, n=14: animals exposed to the SWM, without the demand of performing a cognitive task and Control, n=14: the animals were kept in the vivarium without contact with the SWM. There was significant training effect indicating that the Learning group animals have learned the task. Regarding neurochemical data, the findings of the present work show for the first time that the task learning process in SWM has a significant effect on GABA levels in the hippocampus. The relationship between the two neurotransmitters, observed in the control animals, was adjusted by a significant increase in hippocampal GABA levels caused by the spatial training performed by the animals from the Learning group. However, the relationship observed in control condition is disrupted by a subsequent exposure to the maze in the absence of a spatial cognitive demand, as was the case of the Active group. These data open new perspectives to explore the involvement of the inhibitory and excitatory systems in the molecular mechanisms associated with different types and steps of learning processes.

Verbal Training to Improve Explanations of Conservation with Aphasic Adults

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Dee Cooper ◽  
Seymour Rigrodsky
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Model Training ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Verbal Model

Recent research has indicated a need to study the relationship between the language of the adult aphasic and his attempts at cognitive processing. Nine aphasic adults who demonstrated a minimal ability to explain conservation (as defined by Piaget), a cognitive task which they understood, were given verbal model training to improve their explanations of weight and liquid conservation. Each subject was given a pretest, an experimental condition during which explanations for weight conservation only were trained, a control condition during which subjects named pictured common objects, and a posttest. Order of presentation of the experimental and control conditions was varied. As a result of training, a greater number of explanations (quantitative improvement) and a greater number of explanatory concepts (qualitative improvement) were expressed for both the trained and nontrained conservation tasks. It is suggested that the improvement in conservation explanations is the result of “response facilitation effects” as described by Bandura. Furthermore, the improvement in conservation explanations is supportive of Schuell’s concept of impaired linguistic retrieval mechanisms in aphasia.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Effects of Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Hyperspectral Imaging Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Yin-long Li ◽  
Shu-you Wang ◽  
Xiao-dong Bai ◽  
Xiao-jing Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Acupuncture And Moxibustion ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This study was to observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on spectrum features of acupoint using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique. HSI of the Neiguan (PC6) in the acupuncture groups, moxibustion groups, and control groups was scanned by the hyperspectral imager to analyze the spectrum features and the variations within the wavelength of 400–1000 nm and explore the relationship between the spectral characteristics and effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. The light absorption intensity was slightly reduced within the wave band of 540–590 nm after acupuncture. The absorption intensity of PC6 before moxibustion was significantly higher than that after moxibustion, and the maximum reduction was found at the wavelength of 580 nm with 20.5% reduction,P<0.05. There was no significant change of the spectrum of palm and PC6 and the spectrum curves of the acupoint were basically identical in control group. The light absorption intensity of PC6 of human body was weakened after Acu-mox. Specific wavelengths were all exhibited at 580 nm and the effect of moxibustion was more significant. HSI technique can be used to measure the spectral characteristics of the acupoint areas. This first time research would be significant and beneficial for study on the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion.

scholarly journals Repeated multi-domain, but not single-domain, cognitive training prevents cognitive decline and amyloid pathology found in the APPNL-G-F mouse model of Alzheimer disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jogender Mehla ◽  
Scott H. Deibel ◽  
Hadil Karem ◽  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Sean G. Lacoursiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Navigation Task ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Amyloid Load ◽  
And Control

AbstractEducation, occupation, and an active lifestyle, comprising enhanced social, physical, and mental components are associated with improved cognitive functions in aged people and may prevent/ or delay the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To investigate this protective effect, APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice at 3 months of age were exposed to repeated, single- or multi-domain cognitive training. Cognitive training was given at the age of 3, 6, 9 & 12 months of age. Single-domain cognitive training was limited to a spatial navigation task. Multi-domain cognitive training consisted of a spatial navigation task, object recognition, and fear conditioning. At the age of 12 months, behavioral tests were completed for cognitive training groups and control group. After completion of behavioral testing, mice were sacrificed, and their brains were assessed for pathology. AppNL-G-F mice given multi-domain cognitive training compared to APPNL-G-F control group showed an improvement in cognitive functions, reductions in amyloid load and microgliosis, and a preservation of cholinergic function. There were mild reductions in microglosis in the brain of APPNL-G-F mice with singledomain cognitive training. These findings provide causal evidence for the potential of certain forms of cognitive training to mitigate the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer disease.

scholarly journals Management accounting and control system in the u-model internationalization process. A case study

Innovar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (80) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Ana Filipa M Roque ◽  
Maria do Céu Alves ◽  
Mário Lino Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Management Accounting ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Internationalization Strategy ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the role of management accounting and management control systems (macs) in the successful implementation of the Uppsala Internationalization Model (U-Model) and in the improvement of firms’ performance. To achieve this, and after a broad literature review, a case study was conducted. Using a dynamic and “inside-out” approach, data was collected through interviews and documental analysis. The internationalization model (im) of a company and the relationship between macs and its internationalization strategy (U-Model) were analyzed. This study emphasizes the existence of several roles (passive and active) of macs and highlights the fact that these systems are used throughout the internationalization process (ip) in differentiated ways. As far as we know, it is the first time the relationship between macs and a specific internationalization model (U-Model) has been studied. This research helps to increase knowledge in practice, as it helps companies understand how they can adjust their macs according to their U-Model development phase. Given the growing interest in internationalization, we hope to contribute to improving the knowledge on the relationship between macs and the ip and its effects on companies’ performance. This study points to promising results that justify further studies of this relationship.

scholarly journals O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Autophagy in Cardiomyocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Houzhi Yu ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Yongxin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Knockout Mouse Model ◽  
Heart Dysfunction ◽  
Treat Heart Failure ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Since both O-GlcNAcylation and autophagy sense intracellular nutrient level, the alteration of those two pathways plays substantial roles in the progression of heart failure. Hence, determining the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and autophagy is imperative to understand, prevent, and treat heart failure. However, the mechanism on how O-GlcNAcylation regulates autophagy in the heart is poorly investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is required for autophagy in cardiomyocytes by utilizing an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mouse model for the first time. We also identified that OGT might regulate the initiation of autophagy in cardiomyocytes through promoting the activity of ULK1 by O-GlcNAcylation. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying heart dysfunction and benefit the development of treatments for heart failure.

scholarly journals The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis was mediated by phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1 in benzene-induced hematotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiao Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Guo ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Ai Gao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Increasing evidence suggested that benzene exposure resulted in different types of hematological cancer. Both autophagy and apoptosis were reported to play vital roles in benzene toxicity, but the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis remain unclear in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. In this study, the toxic effect of benzene on autophagy and apoptosis in benzene-exposed workers and in vitro were verified. Results showed that benzene metabolite (1, 4-benzoquinone, 1, 4-BQ) dose-dependently induced autophagy and apoptosis via enhancing phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1. Finally, we also found that the elevated ROS was in line with enhancing the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1 which contributed to 1, 4-BQ-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, this study for the first time found that the effect of 1, 4-BQ on the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis were modulated by the ROS generation via enhancing phosphorylation of Bcl-2(Ser70) and phosphorylation of beclin1(Thr119), which offered a novel insight into underlying molecular mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity, and specifically how the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis was involved in benzene toxicity. This work provided novel evidence for the toxic effects and risk assessment of benzene.

Influence of humidity and temperature on the deterioration of the building stones

Facilities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamiane Messaoud ◽  
Assafsaf Cherifa
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monitor And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of humidity and temperature on the deterioration of the building stones of the Imedghassen Mausoleum located in Batna, Algeria. Design/methodology/approach Thermo-hygro buttons were used to control the microclimate of the monument (humidity and temperature). Findings The obtained results on the variations in temperature, humidity and also the dew point enabled the confirmation of the relationship between these factors and the origin of the stone deterioration and the degradation state of the monument. Research limitations/implications Scientific research approach in this work is to find a relationship between the factors of degradation and the state of conservation of the monument, using, for the first time, thermos-hygro buttons in situ to follow with great precision the microclimate. Practical implications These results can be extrapolated to all new and old houses having the same environment. Social implications The use of thermo-hygro buttons as an in-situ logger that can monitor and control humidity and temperature (microclimate) is of great importance for the preservation of cultural heritage monuments. Originality/value Thermo-hygro buttons are used for the first time to monitor and control the temperature and humidity on site. Their use makes a great contribution in the field of control degradation of building materials by moisture and temperature.

Affirmative Action and Leadership Attitudes in Brazilian Women Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Islam ◽  
Sarah E. S. Zilenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This note examines the relationship between affirmative action (AA) program perceptions and women’s self-ascribed capacity and desire to become leaders. We propose that women who believe that their organization implements a program of preferential selection toward women will experience negative psychological effects leading to lowered self-expectations for leadership, but that this effect will be moderated by their justice perceptions of AA programs. We test this proposition empirically for the first time with a Latin American female sample. Among Brazilian women managers, desire but not self-ascribed capacity to lead was reduced when they believed an AA policy was in place. Both desire’s and capacity’s relationships with belief in an AA policy were moderated by justice perceptions.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

TAMM HORSFALL PROTEIN: THE MEN BEHIND THE EPONYM

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Paskalev ◽  
B. T. Galunska ◽  
D. Petkova-Valkova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Protein

Tamm–Horsfall Protein (uromodulin) is named after Igor Tamm and Franc Horsfall Jr who described it for the first time in 1952. It is a glycoprotein, secreted by the cells in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This protein will perform a number of important pathophysiological functions, including protection against uroinfections, especially caused by E. Сoli, and protection against formation of calcium concernments in the kidney. Igor Tamm (1922-1995) is an outstanding cytologist, virologist and biochemist. He is one of the pioneers in the study of viral replication. He was born in Estonia and died in the USA. In 1964 he was elected for a professorship in Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where has been working continuously. Since 1959, he became a head of the virology lab established by his mentor and co-author Franc Horsfall. In the course of studies on the natural inhibitor of viral replication, Tamm and Horsfall isolated and characterized biochemically a new protein named after their names. Franc Lappin Horsfall Jr (1906-1971) was a well-known clinician and virologist with remarkable achievements in internal medicine. He was born and died in the USA. He worked in the Rockefeller Hospital from 1934 to 1960, then in the Center for Cancer Research at the Sloan-Kettering Institute. Here he was a leader of a research team studying the molecular mechanisms of immunity, the effects of chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds (together with I. Tamm), coxsackie viruses, herpes simplex virus, etc. 

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